UNIT 4 GRAMMAR FILE REFERENCE REPORTED SPEECH We use reported speech to report what somebody else has said or asked. When the reporting verb isin the past tense the original verb usually moves back one tense unless it can't go back any further. (See verb forms followed by * below.) Direct speech Present simple Reported speech Past simple Present continuous Past continuous Past simple Past perfect simple Past continuous Past perfect continuous erfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect simple* no change Past perfect continuous* | no change was/were going to would could may/might might must have to had to should / could /might/ | no chenge ‘ought to / would” When the information being reported is stil true today, we often do NOT change the verb. ‘We've never been to Paris.” He said they've never been to Paris, | speak three languages.” She said she speaks three languages. We often use say and tell to report staternents, When we use tell, we need an object. She said that she'd spent the day illin bed, She told me that she'd spent the day illin bed. We often have to change the pronoun (I,he, we, etc.) and possessive adjectives (my, his, our, etc) ‘didn't see you here yesterday. He said he hadn't seen me there the previous day. Time and place words can also change. This usually happens. when a speaker reports information that was said in a different time period or place, I didn't see you here yesterday. He said he hadn't seen me there the previous day. 84 Direct speech Reported speech now then / at that time today/tonight that day / that night yesterday the day before / the previous day tomorrow the following day//the next day next week/month/year the following week/month/year last year the previous year /the year before a year ago the previous year /the year before this/these thavithose here there Reported questions Reported questions follow the same tense and word changes as reported statements, We don't use a question mark or the auxiliary verb do/does/did, Inwh- questions, we use the wh- word after asked Whats he doing? ~* She asked me what he was doing. For yes/no questions, we use it/whether after asked / wanted toknow. 0 you like it?-* | asked her tfwhethor she liked it. Reporting verbs Verbs followed by * can be used with more than one structure Verb + (object) + that + phrase: admit’, advise*, agree, boast’, claim, complain, denyt, insist, persuade*, promise*, recommenc*, remind*, suggest, tell”, threaten*, warn” They promised us that they would come Verb + to infinitive: agree*, offer, promise, refuse, threaten* Luke threatened to tell them about it. Verb + person + (not) to infinitive: advise*, ask, beg, encourage, invite, persuade*, recommend, remind, tell reminded him not to forget his homework Verb + consider,deny Olivia denied sending the email admit’ recommend, suggest" Verb + (object) + preposition + -ing: advise* sb against, agree* with sb on/about, apologise for, boast* about, complain* to sb about, congratulate sb on, insist” on, warn* sb about/against ‘The gids apologised for leaving early. For reported requests and orders we use ask/tell/order(sb) (not) to do something 'Can you please sit stil?” + She asked them to sit stil ‘Don't give up!’—+ I told Thiago net to give up,PRACTICE REPORTEO SPEECH @ Fer each question choose the correct answer,A, Bor. 1. ‘waited for ages for Dan to arrive! Jon said he ___ for ages for Dan to arrive. A wouldwait B ‘dwaited ¢ waited 2 ‘til message you later! She said she__ message me later. A would B should could 3) “Whattime is it?” He asked me what time Aisit B wasit © twas 4 "Where have you been?” She asked me where! A was B‘dbeen — ‘dbeen doing 5 ‘Ws freezing in here! He saidit____ freezing in here. A was Bhadbeen € wasbeing & ‘Is Tom meeting us later?” She asked ‘Tom was meeting us later. A where B me cif 7. ‘Wve been working here for about six years! He said he there for about six years. A had worked B was working © had been working 8 "You must take more care over your work! My teacher told me that | my work. A hadto take more care over & might © could © complete the second sentence wih one words tht ‘has a similar meaning to the first sentence. The speech ‘rbeingraportedins diferentpacesweekoter being id 1 ‘thevert seen Robb since et wank teseid he hadritseen Robbie since the eee 2 Wau geng a sdocer oar She said Lie was going to see a doctor the dey. 3. "What are these red things?” She asked what _ 4 ‘Wve never been here before’ red things were. He said he'd never been _ ___ before, 5 ‘til call you tonight’ He said he'd call me ___ night. 6 ‘tm really tired right now: She said she was really tired right © ead the fist message. Then complete the second message to report what was said, \'ve been sitting at the bus stop forthe last five minutes looking at something realy strange. There are some Coloured lights in the sky and they're moving lft to right which is really unusual. Any ideas what they are? I'm going | ‘0 goconline to see f anyone else has seen them. Dan messaged me the otner day to say that he ____at the bus stop for a few minutes looking at some me strange ights in the sky. He said that they from laf to right, which he thought really unusual. He asked me i had any idea what they * __but didnt. Hesaidhe’ online to 862 if anyone else “ them. | wonder what they wera! Pronunciation © @® x18 Listen and underline the words which are stressed. She asked me what | was doing He said we were late. She said we'd been talking too loudly. He asked me how long Jack had lived there, She told me she'd finished the course. 6 He asked me when Ben would be here. © @ 426¢ Listen and repeat the sentences and questions in Ex-4, Copy the stress and intonation. © compete the second sentence to report the fst sentence. 1 "Where's the bathroom? He asked me 2. "We've been trying to find you for ages!" Shesid 3--Who'sthat man?” He asked me = 4. "We'e going to stay with an old friend She ssid 5 ‘Canyou help me?” He asked © choore the conect aternatves 1 Ben denies taking / to take the last biscuit! 2. Weagreednottaling to alk about asin 3 Inuggestto/ that you apologise 1 Jackainays boar aboot 0 win/ winning the cop. 5 promie not doing /to do agin 6. rte oremind nat/yountto forget book the hoe as Pa Fy 5 Fs FS 5 z in Fa