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Chapter 8 Answer Key

The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system and enzymes. It discusses how (1) digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by cells, and (2) the roles of different organs like the mouth, stomach, and intestines in mechanical and chemical digestion. It also explains that (3) enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions to break nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
433 views2 pages

Chapter 8 Answer Key

The document summarizes key aspects of the digestive system and enzymes. It discusses how (1) digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by cells, and (2) the roles of different organs like the mouth, stomach, and intestines in mechanical and chemical digestion. It also explains that (3) enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions to break nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.

Uploaded by

zakiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Text book questions

8.1 The digestive system


1 Most foods are made of complex molecules such as starch, fats, and proteins. These are too big to
pass from your digestive system into your blood/ cells. Digestion breaks them down into smaller
molecules that your cells can take in.

2 Fibre passes through your digestive system without getting broken down. The route it takes is: gullet
stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus.

3 Mechanical digestion uses your teeth to break solid food into smaller pieces that you can swallow.
Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break large food molecules into smaller ones.

4 Saliva contains an enzyme that begins the breakdown of starch. It also makes food slippery so it is
easier to swallow.

5 Food is mixed with acid in your stomach, to destroy microbes; it is also mixed with an enzyme to start
protein digestion, and turned into a smooth paste.

6 Most large molecules are digested in the small intestine using enzymes made in the pancreas and the
small intestine itself. Once broken down, these small molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream.

7 Small food molecules are absorbed by the walls of the small intestine and pass into the blood. The
blood carries them to cells all over the body.

8.2 Enzymes
1 The term ‘biological’ means they are made by living cells. The term ‘catalysts’ means that they speed
up the rate of chemical reactions.

2 Enzymes can only help molecules on the surfaces of food particles to break down. Chewing food
breaks it into smaller pieces. This increases its surface area, so more of it can be broken down at once.

3 Fat molecules stick together in large globules. Bile emulsifies the fats in the small intestine. This breaks
large fat droplets into smaller ones which mix with water. It increases the surface area of the fat so that
enzymes can begin to break them down more rapidly.

4 Nutrient Enzyme used to digest it Organ/s where digestion takes place

Carbohydrate carbohydrase (amylase) mouth, small intestine

protein protease stomach, small intestine

fat lipase small intestine


Work book questions

8.1 The digestive system

1 Clockwise from the top right the labels are: gullet, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, rectum, large
intestine, gall bladder, liver.

2 The missing words are: molecules, blood, alimentary canal, pieces, enzymes, break, pancreas, small,
absorbs, intestine, water.

3a Both. b Mechanical digestion. c Mechanical digestion. d Chemical digestion. e Chemical digestion. f


Chemical digestion.

4 Bacteria that live on the fibre in our intestines make important vitamins that we can absorb or fibre
prevents constipation.

E Mouth: Chewed to produce smaller pieces Coated with saliva to make it slippery and mixed with an
enzyme to begin starch digestion.

Stomach: Mixed with acid and another enzyme to make a smooth paste (but no digestion takes place).

Small intestine : Mixed with enzymes from the pancreas. Digestion of starch is completed. Glucose
passes into the blood.

Large intestine Bacteria break down some of the fibre. Water is absorbed to make faeces.

Rectum Faeces are stored until they can be squeezed out through the anus

8.2 Enzymes

Protein amino acids

Starch glucose

Fats fatty acid and giycerol

2 Enzyme – biological catalyst used to speed up reactions. Carbohydrase – enzyme such as amylase
which breaks down carbohydrates. Emulsify – break fats into smaller droplets which can mix with
water. Bile – substance that emulsifies fats to increase their surface area.

3 When food is broken into smaller pieces, its surface area increases. That makes it easier for enzymes
because they can only work on molecules on the surface.

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