8/11/2021 Instrument Transformers MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Instrument Transformers Quiz - Download Now!

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Electrical and Electronics Measurements ≫ Instrument Transformers

Instrument Transformers MCQ Quiz - Objective

Question with Answer for Instrument
Transformers - Download Free PDF

Question 1: Download PDF ››

The below symbol which is used in single line diagrams represents

________

Options:

1. current transformer

2. circuit breaker

3. potential transformer

4. power transformer

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Solution Below)

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Solution:
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The symbols of different equipment used in single line diagram are shown
below.

Hence, the given symbol is for the potential transformer.

Question 2: Download PDF ››

The ratio error in current transformer is attributed to:

Options:
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1. Leakage flux
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2. magnetising component of no-load current

3. power factor of the primary

4. energy component of excitation current

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Ratio error in current transformer:

In the current transformer, the primary current Ip should be exactly equal

to the secondary current multiplied by turns ratio, i.e. KTIs.
But there is a difference between primary current Ip should be exactly
equal to the secondary current multiplied by the turns ratio.
This difference is contributed by the core excitation or magnetizing
component of no-load current.
The error in the current transformer introduced due to this difference is
called current error or ratio error.

The actual ratio of transformation varies with operating conditions and the error
in secondary voltage is defined as

Percentage ratio error = K n −R

R
× 100

Kn is the nominal ratio

R is the actual ratio

It can be reduced by secondary turns compensation i.e. slightly

decreasing the secondary turns.

Phase angle error:

In an ideal voltage transformer, there should not be any phase difference

between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage reversed. However, in
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an actual transformer, there exists a phase difference between Vo­ and V­s

reversed.
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The phase angle is taken as +ve when secondary voltage reversed leads the
primary voltage.

The angle is -ve when the secondary voltage reversed lags the primary
voltage.

It can be reduced by keeping the primary and secondary windings are

wound as closely as possible.

Question 3: Download PDF ››

In the current transformer, the number of primary turns is always:

Options:

1. less than the number of secondary turns

2. zero

3. greater than the number of secondary turns

4. equals the number of secondary turns

Correct Answer: Option 1 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Concept:

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Transformers used in conjunction with measuring instruments for

measurement purposes are called instrument transformers. The actual
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measurements are done by the measuring instruments only.

Where the current and voltage are very high, direct measurements are not
possible as these current and voltage are too large for reasonably sized
instruments and the cost of the meter will be high.

The solution is to step-down the current and voltage with instrument

transformers, so that, they could be metered with instruments of moderate
size.

Instrument transformers are two types: potential transformer and current

transformer.

The potential transformer is used to step down the high voltages and current
transformers are used to step down the high currents.

Application:

A potential transformer needs to step down the high voltages i.e. the primary
voltage is very high. So, the number of primary turns is always greater than the
number of secondary turns.

A current transformer needs to step down the high currents i.e. the primary
current is very high. So, the number of primary turns is always less than the
number of secondary turns.

Question 4: Download PDF ››

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If the secondary winding of a current transformer is opened when the

primary winding is carrying current, then the following event occurs:
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Options:

1. Transformer will burn immediately

2. High induced EMF is produced in the secondary winding

3. Flux density in the core gets weakened

4. High current is produced in the secondary winding

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Secondary side of current transformer is always kept short circuited in order to

avoid core saturation and high voltage induction, so that current transformer
can be used to measure high values of currents.

Current transformer works on the principle of shorted secondary.

It means that burden on the system Zb is equal to 0.
Thus, current transformer produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary.

Important Points:

Most important precaution in use of a CT is that in no case should it be

open circuited (even accidently).
As the primary current is independent of the secondary current, all of it
acts as a magnetizing current when the secondary is opened.
This results in deep saturation of the core which cannot be returned to the
normal state and so the CT is no longer usable.
Again, due to large flux in the core the flux linkage of secondary winding
will be large which in turn will produce a large voltage across the
secondary terminals of the CT.
This large voltage across the secondary terminals will be very dangerous
and will lead to the insulation failure and there is a good chance that the

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person who is opening the CT secondary while primary is energized will

get fatal shock.
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Question 5: Download PDF ››

In which of the following transformers, the secondary winding is always

kept closed?

Options:

1. Current transformer

2. Potential transformer

3. Power transformer

4. Distribution transformer

Correct Answer: Option 1 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Secondary side of the current transformer is always kept short-circuited in

order to avoid core saturation and high voltage induction so that the current
transformer can be used to measure high values of currents.

The current transformer works on the principle of shorted secondary.

It means that the burden on the system Zb is equal to 0.
Thus, the current transformer produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary.

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Important Points:

The most important precaution in the use of a CT is that in Start Learning

no case should
it be open-circuited (even accidentally).
As the primary current is independent of the secondary current, all of it
acts as a magnetizing current when the secondary is opened.
This results in deep saturation of the core which cannot be returned to the
normal state and so the CT is no longer usable.
Again, due to large flux in the core the flux linkage of secondary winding
will be large which in turn will produce a large voltage across the
secondary terminals of the CT.
This large voltage across the secondary terminals will be very dangerous
and will lead to the insulation failure and there is a good chance that the
person who is opening the CT secondary while primary is energized will
get fatal shock.

Question 6: Download PDF ››

Under operating conditions, the secondary of a current transformer is

always short-circuited because of ________.

Options:

1. It protects the primary circuits

2. It is safe to human beings

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3. It avoids core saturation and high voltage induction

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4. None of these

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Solution Below)

Solution:

The secondary side of the current transformer is always kept short-circuited in

order to avoid core saturation and high voltage induction so that the current
transformer can be used to measure high values of currents.

Current transformer works on the principle of shorted secondary

It means that the burden on the system Zb is equal to 0
Thus, the current transformer produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary

Important Points:

Most important precaution in use of a CT is that in no case should it be

open-circuited (even accidentally)
As the primary current is independent of the secondary current, all of it
acts as a magnetizing current when the secondary is opened
This results in deep saturation of the core which cannot be returned to the
normal state and so the CT is no longer usable
Again, due to large flux in the core, the flux linkage of secondary winding
will be large which in turn will produce a large voltage across the
secondary terminals of the CT
This large voltage across the secondary terminals will be very dangerous
and will lead to the insulation failure and there is a good chance that the
person who is opening the CT secondary while the primary is energized
will get a fatal shock

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Question 7: Download PDF ››

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An instrument transformer is used to extend the range of-

Options:

1. Induction instrument

2. Electrostatic instrument

3. Moving coil instrument

4. PMMC instrument/PMMC

Correct Answer: Option 1 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Instrument transformers are of two types.

1. Potential transformer

2. Current transformer

These are used to extend the range of induction type of instruments.

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Question 8: Download PDF ››

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Instrument transformers are

Options:

1. Used to extend the range of the AC measuring instruments only

2. Used to isolate the measuring instruments from the high voltage

only

3. Used to extend the range and isolate the measuring instruments

4. Not used at generating stations and transformer stations

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Solution Below)

Solution:

In high voltage A.C. circuits, the measurement cannot be done by using the
method of extension of ranges of low range meters by providing suitable
shunts.

In such conditions, specially constructed accurate ratio transformers are used.

These transformers are used to isolate the instruments from high current
and high voltage A.C. circuits.

These are generally classified as

(i) Current transformer - large alternating currents can be measured

(ii) Potential transformer - High voltages can be measured

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Question 9: Download PDF ››

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A current transformer has double turn primary and a 100 turn secondary
winding. The secondary draws current of 6 A and magnetising ampere-
turns is 60 A. What is actual transformation ratio?

Options:

1. 100.5

2. 101

3. 50.24

4. 25.12

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Magnetizing ampere-turns = 60 A = NI

Magnetizing current (Im) = 30 A

Number of primary turns (N1) = 2

Number of secondary turns (N2) = 100

N2
Nominal ratio, n =
N1
=
100

2
= 50

Exciting current (I0) = Im = 30 A

The rated secondary current (I2) = 6 A

Reflected secondary current = nI2 = 50 × 6 = 300 A

2
Primary current, I 1 = √ (nI 2 ) + Im
2

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2 2
= √ 300 + 30 = 301.49 A

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I1
Actual ratio =
301.49
= = 50.249
I2 6

Question 10: Download PDF ››

An industrial analyser is NOT suitable for measuring which of the

following?

Options:

1. Power

2. Resistance

3. Current

4. Power factor

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)

Solution:

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Industrial analyser is used for single-phase or three-phase measurements of

the:
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Active power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Power factor
Phase angle
Energy
Voltage
Current

Question 11: Download PDF ››

The material used for the core of current transformer should have

Options:

1. Low reluctance and low iron loss

2. High reluctance and high iron loss

3. Low reluctance and high iron loss

4. High reluctance and low iron loss

Correct Answer: Option 1 (Solution Below)

Solution:

A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure

alternating current (AC)

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It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current

in its primary
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The material used for the core of current transformer should have low
reluctance to provide the path for flux and low iron loss in order to high
efficiency

Question 12: Download PDF ››

What is the percentage voltage error of a potential transformer with

system voltage of 11,000 V and having turns ratio of 100, if the measured
secondary side voltage is 105 V?

Options:

1. 2.75

2. 3.55

3. 4.54

4. 9.09

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Solution Below)

Solution:

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Given that turn’s ratio = 100

Turn’s ratio = primary voltage/secondary voltage Start Learning

Given primary voltage = 11000 V

True secondary voltage (At) = 11000/100 = 110 V

Measured secondary voltage (Am) = 105 V

A m −A t
Percentage error = At
× 100 =
105−110

110
× 100 = 4.54%

Question 13: Download PDF ››

Which of the following is TRUE in case of current transformers?

Options:

1. It helps in measuring high current using high range ammeter.

2. It helps in measuring high current using low range ammeter.

3. It helps in measuring high voltage using high range voltmeter.

4. It helps in measuring low voltage using high range ammeter.

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)

Solution:
A CT is an instrument transformer in which the secondary current is
substantially proportional to primary current and differs in phase from it by
ideally zero degree. Current transformers are used in electrical power system
for stepping down currents of the system for metering and protection purpose.
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Actually relays and meters used for protection and metering, are not designed
for high currents. High currents of electrical power system cannot be directly
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fed to relays and meters. CT steps down rated system current to 1 Amp or 5
Amp.

Question 14: Download PDF ››

The primary of a _______ should never be energised when its secondary

is open circuited.

Options:

1. Potential transformer

2. Current transformer

3. Autotransformer

4. Power transformer

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)

Solution:

Current Transformer:

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The secondary side of the current transformer is always kept short-circuited in

order to avoid core saturation and high voltage induction so that the current
Start Learning
transformer can be used to measure high values of currents.

The current transformer works on the principle of shorted secondary.

It means that the burden on the system Zb is equal to 0.
Thus, the current transformer produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary.

Important Points:

The most important precaution in the use of a CT is that in no case should

it be open-circuited (even accidentally).
As the primary current is independent of the secondary current, all of it
acts as a magnetizing current when the secondary is opened.
This results in deep saturation of the core which cannot be returned to the
normal state and so the CT is no longer usable.
Again, due to large flux in the core, the flux linkage of secondary winding
will be large which in turn will produce a large voltage across the
secondary terminals of the CT.
This large voltage across the secondary terminals will be very dangerous
and will lead to insulation failure and there is a good chance that the
person who is opening the CT secondary while primary is energized will
get a fatal shock.

Question 15: Download PDF ››

The secondary of CT is never left open-circuited because

Options:

1. heat dissipation in the core will be very large

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2. the core will be saturated and permanently magnetized rendering it

useless
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3. dangerously high emfs will be induced in the secondary

4. All of the above

Correct Answer: Option 4 (Solution Below)

Solution:

The secondary side of the current transformer is always kept short-circuited in

order to avoid core saturation and high voltage induction so that the current
transformer can be used to measure high values of currents.

Current transformer works on the principle of shorted secondary

It means that the burden on the system Zb is equal to 0
Thus, the current transformer produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary

Important Points:

Most important precaution in use of a CT is that in no case should it be

open-circuited (even accidentally)
As the primary current is independent of the secondary current, all of it
acts as a magnetizing current when the secondary is opened
This results in deep saturation of the core which cannot be returned to
the normal state and so the CT is no longer usable and the heat
dissipation in the core will be very large
Again, due to large flux in the core, the flux linkage of secondary winding
will be large which in turn will produce a large voltage across the
secondary terminals of the CT
This large voltage across the secondary terminals will be very
dangerous and will lead to the insulation failure and there is a good
chance that the person who is opening the CT secondary while the
primary is energized will get a fatal shock

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