K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning Module
(First Quarter – Weeks 6-8)

TECHNICAL DRAWING 7
Prepared by:
RHEA F. GUEVARRA
SST-III
CP#: 09053725157
WINDOWS XP
 .

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do
the following:
LO 1. Perform different lettering styles and techniques
LO 2. Sketches basic shapes following the principles of good proportion
LO 3. Perform freehand sketches applying shading and rendering
techniques

Perform freehand sketches applying

LEARNING OUTCOME 3 shading and rendering techniques

WINDOWS XP
CONTENT STANDARD

➢ The learner demonstrates understanding on the

concepts and principles on performing freehand
drawing

PERFORMANCE
STANDARD

➢ The learner independently performs different

freehand drawings with satisfactory workmanship
based on industry standards.

➢ Drawing pencils are selected based on specific job

requirements.
➢ Proper care and manipulation of drawing tools,
materials and equipment are observed and
practiced.
➢ Techniques on line exercises are demonstrated
according to standard procedure.
➢ Shading techniques are applied making use of
appropriate standard specification.
➢ Pencil rendering techniques are applied according
to appropriate drawing materials.
➢ Creativity on value scale in shading is applied.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

➢ Prepare Freehand Drawing

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 What Do You Already Know?
Pretest LO 3

I. Direction: Match column A with Column B. Write your answer before the letter. Use
the given activity sheet for your answer.

Column A Column B

1. It is used to determine gradations of the degree

A. when measuring arcs, angles and circles.

2. This is used for fastening the drawing

B.
paper on the drawing table.

3. This is used when transferring measurements,

C.
dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of
equal parts.

D. 4. This is used to clean the dirt of the drawing.

5. This drawing instrument is used when drawing arcs

E. and circles. It is composed of one with the pen leg
and the needle point leg being held together with a
handle.

II. Direction: Select the drafting material and tool applicable to a specific job. Encircle
the letter of the correct answer. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.

1. Why does a drafter need a T-square?

a. to have guide in drawing horizontal line
b. to help in navigating direction
c. to help in measuring blueprints
d. to get accurate parallel lines
2. Which Drawing instrument is similar to a divider when used?
a. compass
b. triangle
c. t- square
d. triangular scales
3. Why is it necessary to use masking tape in drawing?
a. to tighten the drawing board
b. to add color to the drawing paper

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 c. to fasten the drawing paper on the drawing paper on the drawing board
d. to make the task easy
4. It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal sides meeting at
a 90-degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30, including 60-degree angles.
a. compass
b. hard pencil
c. masking tape
d. triangle
5. What tool will you use in order to reproduce the measurement of an object to any
size?
a. ruler
b. protractor
c. triangle
d. triangular scales

6. What drawing instrument will be used when transferring measurements, dividing

lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts?
a. compass
b. divider
c. masking tape
d. triangular scales

7. What drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the drawing when removing
unnecessary lines?
a. erasing shield
b. eraser
c. masking tape
d. pencil sharpener

8. How do we determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles and
circles?
a. by using compass
b. by using protractor
c. by using triangle
d. by using triangular scales
9. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.
a. compass
b. triangle
c. triangular scales
d. ruler

10. When does a pencil need to be sharpened?

a. when it shows sign of dullness
b. when it is necessary
c. when it is used by anybody
d. when it is wet

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read Information Sheet 3. very well then find out how much you
remember and how much you learned by doing Self-Check 3.
can

Information Sheet 3

DRAWING PRINCIPLES FREEHAND AND SKETCHING

Freehand sketches are of great assistance to the designers in organizing their thought
and recording their ideas. They are effective and economical means of formulating various
solutions to a given problem so that a choice can be made between them at the outset.
Often, much time can be made between them at the outset. Much time can be lost if the
designer starts his scaled layout before adequate preliminary study with the aid of
sketches. Information concerning changes design, covering replacement of broken parts
or lost drawing, is usually conveyed through sketches.

DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools used in mechanical drawing. The
drafting materials and tools discussed in this Module include most of the basic ones but
sufficient enough for your initial understanding about technical drawing.

PICTURES/ILLUSTRATIONS MATERIALS, DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION

1. Drawing paper

Various types of drawing papers are available for use

but hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly
recommended to be the best. This type does not
groove easily when pressure is applied to the pencil.
Oslo paper is commonly used but bond paper is also
recommended.

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 2. Drawing pencil

This is one of the most important tools in

drawing. It comes in various grades. The grade
of pencil to be used depends on the quality of
paper to be used. You have to take into
consideration also the type of line work required.

Types of Drawing Pencil

a. Hard pencils – are used where extreme

accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.

b. Medium pencils – are used for general

purpose work in drawing.

c. Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in

mechanical drafting. They are very useful
for art work of various kinds.

3. Masking tape

This is used for fastening the drawing paper on

the drawing table or drawing board because it
does not damage the board and it will not
damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off.

4. Pencil sharpener

Pencils should be sharpened whenever they

show sign of dullness. Various types and designs
are available in the store for use.

5. Eraser

This is used to clean the dirt of the drawing. A

soft eraser is advantageous in removing smudges
and pencil marks, whereas, a harder eraser is
useful for making changes and correcting errors
in the drawing.

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 6. Ruling Pen – is an instrument for inking
drawings. It is adjustable in order to produce
thickness and thickness of lines.

MEASURING TOOLS

PICTURES/ILLUSTRATIONS MATERIALS AND TOOLS DESCRIPTION

7. Ruler

A ruler, sometimes called a rule or line gauge, is a

device used technical drawing, to measure distances
or draw straight lines. This drafting tool is used when
drawing vertical lines.

8. Protractor

It is a semi-circular instrument divided into 180

equal parts, each of which is called a degree. It is
used to determine gradations of the degrees when
measuring arcs, angles and circles. High quality
protractor is usually made of plastic.

9. Triangle

It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal

sides meeting at a 90 degree angle and to a third side
at 45, 30, including 60 degree angles. It is usually
made of plastic and comes in different sizes. If in use,
the base of the triangle must rest on the blade of the
T-square. Drawing a line always starts from the point
near the base going upward. Commonly used
triangles are:

a. 30 degrees X 60 degrees
b. 45 degrees X 45 degrees

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 10. T-Square

It is a drawing instrument used when making

horizontal lines. It is also used for guiding triangles
when drawing vertical lines. It is made of wood, plastic
or the combination of both. There are three (3) types
of T-square, namely:

a. Fixed Head.
The head is fastened to the blade.
It is used for ordinary work.

b. Movable Head or Adjustable Head.

It has one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.

c. Detachable Head or Removable Head.

It is designed for comfort when carrying
the T-square.

11. Compass

This drawing instrument is used when drawing arcs

and circles. It is used in a similar way to a divider. It
is composed of one with the pen leg and the needle
point leg being held together with a handle. This
drawing instrument can be used for both penciling
and inking.

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 12. Divider

This is a drawing instrument used when transferring

measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the
desired number of equal parts. It can easily transfer
accurate measurements by adjusting the divider
points. Constant correct practice is necessary before
doing an actual work for a quick and easy control
when use.

13. French curve

an instrument for drawing irregular curves other
than arcs and circles.

Basic consideration in freehand sketches

It is necessary to expose the learner in the different line exercises as basic activities in freehand
sketches. The following are the forms of lines:
1. Horizontal line. It is a line parallel to the horizon or a line that form 180 deg. It is drawn from
left to right.

2. Vertical line. Is a line that can be obtained by suspending plumb and this line form 90 degrees
from the horizontal line. It is drawn from top to bottom.

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3. Inclined line. It is neither horizontal nor vertical line.

4. Curve line. A line produced by a circular movement.

is the process of making the visible surfaces of an object. It is applied in a

variety of tones or values.

The following are the tones or values of shading:

1. Light Values. This represents the surface which receives the

greatest amount of light.
2. The Medium Values. This represents the surface which receives
less amount of light.
3. Dark Values. This represents the surface very little amount of
light.
In shading application, the source of light is assumed to be coming from the upper left-
hand corner of the drawing paper and rays of light are imagined to be inclining at an angle of 45
degrees.

Techniques in Shading Application

1. Apply the lightest shading on the part of a surface which receives more light.
2. Shade the portion of a surface which receives less light with medium values.
3. Shade the portion of a surface which receives little amount of light with a heavy shade.

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Methods of shading application
1. Line shading
A technique of showing the various
shades of an object by using lines.

2. Stippling.
It is applied by dabbing the pencil point
or pen to produce on the surface of the
object.

3. Continuous Tone Shading or Smudge

Shading.
This is applied by using the powdered
graphite or lead of a pencil.

4. Mixed shading.
It is called mixed because it applies both
the line and dotted shading. However,
the lines and dotted shading must not be
applied to the same surface of the object.

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self - Check 3

Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the drawing tools ask.
Write your answer in the box provided.
Name: _____________________________ Section:_____________________

1 Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is

. required

D A R H N E P L I C

M I U D M E N E P L I C

5. It is used to determine gradations of the

degrees when measuring arcs, angles and
circles.

R O P T R A T O C R

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self - Check 3.1

Name: _____________________________ Section:_____________________

Direction: There are twelve (12) different drafting materials and tools and drawing instruments
that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten (10) of them. Encircle the word/words
vertically, horizontally, backward, upward or downward. Use the given activity sheet for your
answer.

A R C Z I B O K R E N E P R A H S L I C N E P I E
B M L U X R D A B Q L V O S N E O X A C L B E T B
C O A F T E R B I A E U N A I R S A O Q R F P N X
D E S S A N A A B U L N K D T S A M D L J J H D D
E K I H K T W I E L E A A A O V P P G H Z Y S I T
F T O A V I A T K I D R S T E A I N X F E X A L R
G I R L I S N O A T N Y A O S R H N S A H E O Y I
H A K X Y J G G S E L A C S C I R T E M L A C S O
I R O G K U P J T V O S B Q E P E I B Y A E I O L
J O V R O K A R A A Z X L E N R K Q O E L D X S E
K T I Z S N P A R E P U T O B X L Y K S D F E G R
L C K A L T E C N T Y E J X P S E C I L H A T V B
M A Q D I O R B U A K F E O E Q V C E H R F U S E
N R I T C N C X O P E A N V T U A I K A P I T O Y
O T D D N Y D X R K T O B P E A H U G E A P I P I
P O N R E R I Z N U R N Q I N S L H O T N D T A R
Q R V X P A Q S W T R I A N G L E S R R L U E R O
R P K G G R A T C T A R P N H A N C E S L C Q E W
S A G D N G L A T O T P I D O L K A D A G S T S K
T L J O I O N N X I W S T A K A L B I T B Z O R F
U I V Y W N A O P L A K Q I S E B Y V N A X G U C
V T F F A S J Z I R I C Y U L M Z K I R J T E M H
W S L B R U V S E Q D L B J A N T F D O K P L X A
X E J A D I E U W A P I E A K R W O E B E O S A E
Y G E H A K G L O T E D S M Q A E R P V S E I N G

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self - Check 3.2

Name: _____________________________ Section:_____________________

Directions: Classify the hand tools according to its function and task requirement by listing on
each box. Use the given activity sheet for your answer.

DRAWING TOOLS MEASURING TOOLS

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 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Be sure that you are also able to demonstrate the skills. Do this
activity.

Operation Sheet 3

Direction: Apply continuous tone or smudge shading.

Name: _____________________________ Section:_____________________

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 ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
7
4
Neatness
25
20
15
TOTAL 100

How did you find the activities? Did you enjoy doing them?

Did you find them difficult? Challenge yourself by keeping on practicing correctly

the given steps in each activity. Have fun!

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake! Write your name on the space provided.

Learner's Name: Date:

Competency: Test Attempt
1st 2nd 3rd

Directions: OVERALL EVALUATION

Ask your Level

parent/guardian to
assess your Achieved PERFORMANCE LEVELS
performance in the 4 - Can perform this skill
following critical task without supervision and with
and performance initiative and adaptability to
criteria below problem situations.

3 - Can perform this skill

satisfactorily without
You will be rated assistance or supervision.
based on the overall
evaluation on the right 2 - Can perform this skill
side. satisfactorily but
requires some assistance
and/or supervision.

1 - Can perform parts of

this skill satisfactorily,
but requires
considerable
assistance and/or
supervision.

Note: Teacher will initial level achieved.

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