2. Coordinate Systems {@) Cartesian Coordinate system in space and perpendicularlines xox, yoy, 2 coteser Bree rail respectively. You also know that the syst is 8 ght handed yetorn, Ths planes delernieed SVM Wes ee ale ‘space in eight parts called octants, eo bance rea if as before PM is perpendicular to the xy plane, OMmakes ‘of P. Clearly, oM= OP sind=rsin 8 Hence, we have the relations sino cos ® sing sin® cos 0.ith the x-axis, kos angle ® wi a si coordinates. Clearly, o=tan" (2) Zed. 3, Triple Integral ' ‘The concept of double integral of a function f(x, ) over @ given region in xy plane can gg extended 2 step further to define triple integral, Consider, a function f(x, 2) defined over a finite region V of three dimensional s | tne region be sub-divided into m sub-intervals BV, Ve, Bp, Let P(%n Yo Z) be a th sub-interval. We now form the sum Ye Yo 28M i lt te The limit of the above, whan it exists, as ntends to infinity and the volume of each s ‘ends to zero is called the triple integral of f(x, y, z) over the region V and is ff ys 2a a Thus, ff ffimy. Z)dV= tim Di flxr Yr 2,)8V, v Bv-30 T=! (a) Evaluation of Triple Integral The triple integral can be evaluated by successive single integrals as follows [fo pre erate ; =a Hyoole) Jenhixy) where the ig “ ee uit 21s performed first by treating x and y constant. ating x constant and finally the integration w.r.t. x x,y,z) dzdy dx Solved Examples ; Class (b):6 Marks Type 1: Evaluation of Triple tntagrals in Cartesian Coordinates Example 1 (b) : Evaluate f i ie Sol. : We have xz dx dy.the ser eis tho trae (2.40) oh Numerical Solutions of 0.0, i "nthe plage ot y, we get Hix. al + ¥6)+ Hx, 94 on] Mtegraly tive Mathematics -11 ; 0-3) I cain fp ely ey F =f Oo Praney =f 2 2) I, eae Bjorn ( ay a i 10° 21)" 35 Example 2(b) : Evaluate [° [° JP yz ox oy ox me iff [= ve] evan (mu. 2012) es oy de 17 as de= 1 fit0—1)2° de = | 15,1015 (W.U. 1993, 99, 2011)oa) engineering Mathematics -" pcre wate peqe tare S. Fata yy £, ° 1 ait [ace bff Plex? =f [Fem , ae -tpee- mat treet[ee-meeE]- ay gt V0 Siemm's)iceiate ee dzdy ox (M.U. 1897, 99, 2002, 08, 0, 12,18, 9 ref? er ee

b>0 az over the volume bounded by the spheres x2ey?ez? mn (a - BP) | 2. evawate {fz (M.U. 2009) { Ans. = 2,¥ Pandx?+ y+? 8. Evaluate fff x* dx ay dz over the volume of the ellipsoid (Hint : Put x= au, y= bv z= ow and use spherical polar coordinates.Engineering Mathematics =|! (@-20) peat bolt arfe"cost9 anh ee z dx dy dz over the volume ‘of the ellipsoid enn ene is bounded by a cone oF a cylingap 8040) type IV; When the region of intear: tion i or a paraboloid. tn sich eases we may use cylindrical coordinates. class (b) + 6 Marks Solved Examples : imnpie 10): Evalue [ff i247 ord dover thoyolumabounded 9 9 - (M.U. 2002, of cone x?+y?= 2%, 2>0 and the planes Z= and Sar we wanton the given itera 16 oxida polar Ser by pata seme rerénd,2=2 ant doy d2=1ara0 tz. owe rare te 0 af 002, for Zar 1. * 1=[Parf 00 fide= [Parl 0]y {2}; er = [Pancenaraol 4 Fig 81 Example 2 (6) : Evaluate {ff(ie + y2)V where Vis tho solid bounded by 1 v x?+y?=2z? and the planes 2=0, z=2. Sol. : We know that x? + y® = 2®is a cone with vertex at the origin and the axis along the = z Consider a cuboi ‘alse Sie Wi id as shown in the figure, The section of the cone by a V= dk dy de = r dp 18 Put x= res 0, y= rsin 6. Then 2 = r2 cos? ea I dz, 8 varies from 0 to 2x. 1 cos? 0 + 7? si“rrmommate value yi Qi (8-21) Tiple integrals rand atthe top 2 = 2, henea rvaties f ° A+ yav= Ifo syyacavar ae ¥ =i fe fas oe dee = 6, ft aren Ir feo P21 ara0 = (PoP =) aren =f [2¢_ ey" [2t-£] a. fo-8]0 a 8 =|, =a0 bs F Example 3 (b) : Evaluate {[j 2 axdydz over the volume bounded by the cylinder 2 a2, i xery’ and the paraboloid x? + y? = zand the plane z= 0. Sol. ; We transform the cartesian coordin 0 ‘ate system to cylindrical polar system /.e, we put ely eee | renee Z ‘The equation of the cylinder x? + y 2 now transforms to =a. The equation of the paraboloid x°+ y? = ztransforms tor? ‘The volume is bounded below by the section of the cylinder in xy~ plane and by the paraboloid above, fia Peolcoroe ff, fa[E] or « fe] # de [E] nak’ ree a Cfo Sere foa0 Fig. 8.13 “34o-0/ 8 Evaluate [fj 22 cxdydz over the volume common to the sphere Example 4 (b) = x24 y?+22= a2 and tho cylinder x? + y? = ax. (M.U. 1991) Sol, : We transform the given integral to cylindrical polar coordinates by putting x = rcos 0, y=rsin0, z=zand dx dy dz = rdrdo dz. With the change of coordinate system the equation of the sphere becomes r+ 2 = a? and r=acos® acos 0. of the cylinder becomes r? = arcos0 i.e. The volume of integration is bounded by the sphere and the cylinder. Thus, zvaries from 2 = ~ Ve —P to z= Va? - 7, rvaries form r= 0 to r= acos 0 and 0 varies from =—n/2t00=m/2, —" Pur dr do dz Fig. 8.14y Engineering Mathematics oe an paeent Pape ae em pgegeenn * e-dt core eae as a erdr: ‘ sie rf, a-gato | 2 (4 ein® 0) do a (isin?) range ao 2° euba go=088 a ano rcten [et EXERCISE - IV Solve the following examples : Class (b) : 6 Marks 1. Evaluate the integral [ff [2 +7? dV throughout the volume bounded by the cylinder x24 y?=1 over the paraboloid z= 1- x?— y? below the plane z= [Ans. : 12/5] 2, Evaluate {fj 2“ dxdy dz overthe volume common tothe sphere x° + y"+2°= 1 and tho [Ans. : 2x /15 EXERCISE - V —S Evaluate the following triple integrals : Class (a): 3 or 4 Marks 1 avec ayde 2. h Gp ocayae aL Lf et axaaz 4 DE peer? cay ae sf, Y fi, ocayde 6 i ox f oy f°? yeae i OS Peavey de 8 f iy PP xazacgy 9? pr pt aah LL Gr rao 10. [ CG ia reosBcos$ dr do do cylinder x? + y? = x. ff pe 2 rn LS Sprsino ar 06 a eit P sino dr do ay 2 pale 1 ET” fA sino ar a0 a 4. ff C= Sn ar a dp