Calculus

Formula

All you need is love.

Bacarra National

Comprehensive High School

Brochure
But a little chocolate
now and then
doesn’t hurt.
1
CHARLES M. SCHULZ Zoren Dave Laureta 3 r d & 4 t h Q u a r t e r

zoren_laureta
BASIC CALCULUS (Q4)
09104512144 WEEK 3 - ACTIVITY SHEET 4.3
Laureta, Zoren Dave G.
11 STEM A
 a
Implicit Differentiation To find antiderivatives of basic functions, the

l
following rules can be used:

mu
Is the process of taking the derivative of an implicit

r
function.

Fo
Function:
y = x2− 2x + 7
y − variable x − variable & constant

xy + 2y −7x = x2
Integral (antiderivative) of exponential function:
x&y variables & constant were mixed

Example:
x 2+ y 2 = 4
Chain Rule
Integral (antiderivative) of trigonometric function:
The Chain Rule provides for a formula for the

derivative of a composition of functions.

Theorem:
Dx(g ∘ f)(c) = g′(f(c)) ∙ f ′(c)
Remark: Antiderivative of a

dy
=
dy . du Function
dx du dx - Antiderivatives are the opposite of derivatives. An

Illustration:
antiderivative is a function that reverses what the Fundamental Theorem

derivative does.
- Indefinite Integrals (also called antiderivatives) do
of Calculus (FTOC):
not have limits/bounds of integration, while definite

If we can find an antiderivative for the integrand, then

integrals do have bounds.

we can evaluate the definite integral by evaluating the

antiderivative at the endpoints of the interval and

subtracting.
Example: Let f be a continuous function on the closed interval
[a,b]; then the definite integral of f exists on this
f(x)=(4x 2 - 5x + 7) 2
Remember: interval, and
\int 2x=x+ C
C = constant
constant = 0 (zero) Where F is any function such that F′(x) = f(x) for all x in

C = any constant, positive or negative [a, b].

continue:
 Calculus

Formula

All you need is love.

Bacarra National

Comprehensive High School

Brochure
But a little chocolate
now and then
doesn’t hurt.
2
CHARLES M. SCHULZ Zoren Dave Laureta 3 r d & 4 t h Q u a r t e r

zoren_laureta
BASIC CALCULUS (Q4)
09104512144 WEEK 3 - ACTIVITY SHEET 4.3
Laureta, Zoren Dave G.
11 STEM A
 a
Illustrating definite

mul integral as the

For limit of the Riemann

sums
Remember: The third is the midpoint, Fig 1c, where the curve

passes through the midpoint of the upper side of the

Riemann sum (named after Georg Friedrich Bernhard

rectangles. The sum of the areas of these rectangles

Riemann) approximates the area as the sum of the

results to a value closest to the true area of the region.

areas of the rectangular partitions of the region.

Integration by
There are three ways to approximate the area in the

Riemann sums.
Extra-illustration

Substitution
Remember:
∫ f ( g( x )) g′(x )dx
- In the above illustration, g′( x ) is the derivative of g ( x).

Represent g ( x ) by u and find du ( differential of u ).

Integrate ∫ f ( u )du then replace u by g ( x ).

- This change of variable is one of the most important
The left end point or the Left Riemann sums, Fig 1a,

tools available to us. This technique is called integration

shows the rectangles are under the curve. The sum of

by substitution. It is often important to guess what will

the areas of the rectangles is an under approximation

be the useful substitution. of the area of the region.

Example:
∫( x + 4 )5 dx

The right end point or the Right Riemann sums, Fig 1b,

shows the rectangles are above the curve thus the sum

of the areas of these rectangles is an over

approximation of the area of the region.