NAME: Rudio, Jamaica Mae Campos.

Section/Course: BPEd 2
SUBJECT: GE-ELEC 3B

LESSON 1: CULTURE

TASK 1:

Kindly go to the links below and watch the videos on the characteristics and elements of culture
respectively:
a) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2Bj8OCmxb4

b) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jt2tikGSu98

TASK 2: Identify what is being described in each of the item below. (12pts)

1. This is the traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs, transmitted through
learning.
Answer: Culture
2. It is a characteristic of culture where people learn from each other.
Answer: Culture is Learned
3. This is a characteristic of culture where members of a group teach their knowledge or values to
other member of that group.
Answer: Culture is Shared
4. It is another characteristic of culture where symbolic thought is unique to humans and is crucial
to cultural learning.
Answer: Culture is Symbols
5. This is a characteristic of culture that encompasses features sometimes regarded as seemingly
trivial things.
Answer: Culture is Encompassing
6. It is a characteristic of culture where cultures are organized round a set of core. Thus, when a
core value changes, a large part of the culture also changes.
Answer: Culture is Integrated
7. This is an element of culture which is anything that is used to stand for something else like
emoticons or flags
Answer: Symbol
8. It is another element of culture which is a system of words and symbols used to communicate
with other people.
Answer: Language
9. This is another element of culture which is culturally defined as a standard of what is good or
desirable.
Answer: Values
10. It is an element of culture which is culturally defined as expectations of behavior.
Answer: Mores
 11. This is a type of norm that dictates appropriate behavior for routine or casual interaction.
Answer: Folkways
12. It is a type of norm that dictates morally right or wrong behavior.
Answer: Norm

TASK 3: Write T if it the statement is TRUE; write F it is not.

1. Culture can demonstrate the way a group thinks, their practices, or behavioral patterns, or their
views of the world.
Answer: T
2. Cultural norms that people in one society may be used to are either right or wrong.
Answer: T

3. The disorientation one feels like confusion and anxiety being part of a new group is called
Acculturation.

Answer: F

3. Culture allows the members of one society to gain meaning from the objects and ideas around
them which can provide guidelines for living.
Answer: T
4. Culture is very diverse that it may include things like artwork, language and literature.
Answer: T

5. If culture can be learned, transmitted, and reshaped from generation to generation, then culture
can sometimes be updated.
Answer: F
6. Culture can be thought of as the structure that guide the way people live. And, society can be
thought of as the code that provides organization for people.
Answer: F

7. Human ideas are big in culture that allows society to work. Just like Apps that allow a device to
be useful.
Answer: T

TASK 4: Write T if the statement is True; F if it is not. (17pts)

1. When you can deeply understand and articulate the uniqueness of your culture, you become a
guide for your contacts who may work with colleagues or others.
Answer: T
2. Having a lesser understanding of the impact your culture has on you will help you understand
how people from other countries may perceive you.
Answer: T
3. Knowing your cultural self may also develop compassion for people from other cultures as you
will appreciate how they may be ‘shocked’ to your culture.
 Answer: T
4. Ideology can be used to refer to ‘a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic
development’.
Answer: F

5. Culture can suggest a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period or a group. 6.
Ideology can be used to refer to ‘the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic
activity.
Answer: T
6. Lived cultures or practices are examples of a particular way of life of a people, period, or group.
Answer: T

7. Texts are referred from soap operas, pop music, and comics as examples of culture that
produces meaning.
Answer: T
8. Culture can refer to a systematic body of ideas articulated by a particular group of people like a
particular professional group.
Answer: F

9. Ideology is a certain masking, distortion, or concealment of the reality of domination and

subordination in a society or group producing “true consciousness”.
Answer: F
10. Arguably, “true consciousness” works in the interests of the powerful against the interests of
the powerless.
Answer: T

11. Ideology intends to draw attention to the way in which texts present a particular image of the
world where they take a side, consciously or unconsciously.
Answer: T
12. Texts like TV fiction, pops songs and novels are ideological forms that present a particular image
of the world which is political or subjective.
Answer: T

13. Ideology operates mainly at the level of denotations, the secondary, often unconscious
meanings that texts and practices carry, or can be made to carry.
Answer: F
14. A classic example of the operations of ideology is the attempt to make universal and legitimate
what is in fact partial and particular like a pop singer to be automatically female.
Answer: T

15. Ideology is a material practice encountered in the practices of everyday life. It is the way in
which certain rituals and customs have the effect of fragmenting us to the social order.
Answer: T
 16. Ideological practices like Christmas offer pleasure and release from the usual demands of the
social order - that is marked by enormous inequalities of wealth, status and power.

Answer: T

LESSON 2: FRAMING POPULAR CULTURE

TASK 1: Kindly go to the links below and watch the videos entitled Cultures, Subcultures, &
Countercultures and Fads vs Trends:

a) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RV50AV7-Iwc

b) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf1Z1cUzo-k

TASK 2: Identify what is being described in each of the item below. (12pts)

1. These are cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular with most people in a society.
Answer: Pop Culture

2. It refers to cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite.

Answer: High Culture

3. These are cultural patterns that are broadly in line with a society’s cultural ideals and

values.

Answer: Mainstream Culture

3. This refers to cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society’s population.
Answer: Sub-Culture

4. It is the practice of judging one culture by the standards of another.

Answer: Ethnocentrism

5. This is a perspective that, rather than seeing society as a homogenous culture, recognizes
cultural diversity while advocating for equal standing for all cultural traditions.
Answer: Multiculturalism

6. It is a subculture that pushes back on mainstream culture in an attempt to change how a society
functions.

Answer: Counter- Culture

 7. This refers to some cultural elements change slowly than others.
Answer: Culture Lag
8. It is a process by which cultural traits spread from one culture to another.
Answer: Cultural Diffusion
9. This is a tie that binds people together in a society.
Answer: Culture

11. It is a practice or interest that appears suddenly, becomes popular, and then

disappears suddenly.

Answer: Fad

13. This is a practice or interest that appears suddenly, becomes popular, and stays for a very long
time.
Answer: Trend

TASK 3: Write T if the statement is True; write F if it is not. (25pts)

1. Popular culture is simply culture that is widely favored or well-liked by many people that
undoubtedly, such a qualitative index would meet the approval of many people.
Answer: T

2. The difficulty in equating popular culture to a qualitative index is that a certain number should
be agreed upon to identify what is popular.
Answer: F

3. In the meaning of popular culture, a certain number or a qualitative dimension must be

included.
Answer: T

4. Another suggested definition of popular culture is a culture that is left over after we have
decided what high culture is.

Answer: T

5. Popular culture in #4 is a residual category accommodating texts and practices that fail to meet
the required standards to qualify as high culture.
Answer: T
6. In other words, it is a definition of popular culture as superior culture.
Answer: F
7. More so, popular culture is often supported by claims that popular culture is mass-produced
commercial culture, whereas high culture is the result of an individual act of creation.
Answer: T

8. Another way of defining popular culture is a culture which is formulaic, manipulative and
consumed with brain numbed and brain-numbing passivity.
Answer: T

9. Within the mass culture perspective, popular culture takes one of two forms: a lost organic
community or a lost industrial culture.
Answer: F

10. One benign version of mass culture perspective is that high culture is understood as a collective
dream world.
Answer: F

11. This (#10) means that, popular culture provides escapism that is not an escape from or to
anywhere, but an escape of our utopian selves.
Answer: T

12. For example, cultural practices such as Christmas and seaside holiday function in much the same
way as dreams articulating, in a disguised form, collective wishes and desires.
Answer: T

13. One problematic meaning of popular culture is it is a folk culture because it evades the
“commercial” nature of how popular culture is made.
Answer: T

14. Hegemony refers to the way in which subordinate groups in society, through a process of
‘intellectual and moral leadership’ seek to win the consent of dominant groups in society.
Answer: F

15. The process of “compromise equilibrium” happens when popular culture is a “resistance” of
subordinate groups and the forces of “incorporation” in the interests of the dominant groups.
Answer: T

16. If one looks at popular culture from the perspective of hegemony theory, one tends to see
popular culture as a terrain of ideological struggle between dominant and subordinate classes,
dominant and subordinate cultures.
 Answer:

17. Postmodern culture is a culture that still recognizes the distinction between high and popular
culture.
18. Answer:

19. Popular culture in postmodern time is a reason to celebrate an end to an elitism constructed on
arbitrary distinctions of culture and a reason to despair at the final victory of commerce over
culture.
20. Answer:

21. Popular culture is definitely a culture that only emerged following industrialization and rural life.
22. Answer:

23. Britain was the first country to produce popular culture.

24. Answer:

25. Before industrialization and urbanization, Britain had two cultures: a common culture which was
shared and a separate working-class culture by the dominant class.
26. Answer:

27. When the cultural map was redrawn as a result of industrialization & urbanization, the relations
between employees and employers changed to “cash nexus”.
28. Answer:

29. Fad is a general direction in which something is developing or changing.

30. Answer: F

31. Trend is an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something especially one that is short
lived.
Answer: F

32. Online classroom is an example of a fad.

Answer: F

TERRAIN OF POPULAR OBJECTIVES:

LESSON 3: ARNOLDIAN PERSPECTIVE and LEAVISISM
TASK 1:
Kindly go to the link and watch the clips entitled Matthew Arnold as a Culture Critic and Mass
Civilization and Minority Culture by F.R. Leavis respectively:

a) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6zKjPldhmY&t=1138s

b) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8vuwEaP_BM

TASK 2: Fill in the blanks. (10pts)

1. For Arnold, the culture must be learned, know the best ideals, and engage in the propagation of the
best that is known and thought in the world.

2. A study of perfection should influence, enthusiast, and inspirit the reader for the society.

3. The _____ serves as the civilizing force of the society.

4. Culture can be cultivated through a focus on ____ which is the desire to know what is good and
important.

5. Culture meant the inculcation of “beauty, and _____”.

6. For F.R. Leavis, culture is the use of language the changing idiom upon which fine living depends and
without which distinction of spirit is thwarted and incoherent.

7. High literary culture is to be produced and safeguarded by a select group of people – an enlightened
minority who is capable of discriminating first-rate and second-rate culture.

8. The mass culture is the product of industrialization, hence corrupted.

9. By canonizing the work of literature, we can preserve our cultural values.

10. The devaluation of language as the most harmful effect of the development of mass culture.

TASK 3: Write T if the statement is True; write F if it is not. (15pts)

1. For Arnold, culture is the study of perfection which consists in having something rather than in
becoming something.
Answer: F
2. If culture is to know the best and to make this knowledge prevail for the good of all humankind,
one should read, reflect, and observe.
Answer: T

3. The third aspect of culture then is keeping the best that has been known.
Answer: F

4. And, the fourth aspect is to make our countrymen seek culture by letting go what is the best.
 Answer: F

5. Anarchy is synonymous to popular culture that the social function of culture is to police this
disruptive presence.
Answer: T

6. He divided society into three: Populace (aristocracy), Philistines (middle class) and Barbarians
(working class).
Answer: F

7. With these class divisions, there is a common basis of human nature like having passion, envy,
adoring power, etc.
Answer: F

8. To avoid anarchy from the populace, culture must bring to the working class a much wanted
principle of subordination.

Answer: T

9. An example of #8 is the granting of the franchise to the male urban working class that gave
power to them yet uneducated for power.
Answer: T

10. Moreover, culture would remove popular culture by restoring the working class’ authority
through education.

Answer: T

11. The cultured State is to function to control and curtail the social, economic and cultural
aspirations of the working class with culture and force.
Answer: F

12. If education is the road to culture, for the working class, education is to accustom popular
culture to decline, to banish it as a class to history.

Answer: F

13. And, for the aristocracy, education is to civilize it for subordination, deference and exploitation.
Answer: F
 14. A revolution from above preventing a revolution from below works on the principle that a
reform given is always better than a reform taken, forced or won.
Answer: F

15. To bring sweetness and light to a society, it is the function of the cultivated clerisy to guide the
progress of civilization.
Answer: F

TASK 4: Write T if the statement is True, F it is not. (10pts)

1. As for the Leavisites, intellectual, creative culture is something that must be protected and
forgotten by an enlightened minority.
Answer: F

2. But, the status of the majority changed from setting the standard of taste to a collapse of
authority.

Answer: F

3. Leavisism wrote its manifestos and proposes to introduce into schools training in resistance to
mass culture, and outside schools to promote a conscious effort to take the form of resistance
by an armed and active minority.
Answer: T

4. Advertising as the main symptom of cultural decline is an example of debasement of language

which is also debasement of quality of living.
Answer: T

5. The cultural golden age and mythic rural past existed with a cultural coherence and shared
culture corrupted by commercial interests.
Answer: F

6. The organic community was destroyed by the changes brought about by the Industrial
Revolution.
Answer: T

7. The Leavises also claimed that the quality of work has also deteriorated with the loss of the
organic community, and the growing importance placed on work is a sign of that loss.
Answer: T
 8. Due to industrialization, the experience of work has deteriorated to such an extent that workers
are actually ‘capacitated by their work’.

Answer: F

9. As a result, people turn to mass culture for compensation and passive distraction becoming
addicted to substitute living.
Answer: T

10. With the organic community being lost, it is still possible to get access to its values and
standards by reading works of great literature.
Answer: T

LESSON 4: CLASSICAL MARXISM and PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION

TASK 1:

Kindly go to the links below and watch the videos about Production and Consumption of Culture:

a) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QFr7h8Gqig&t=124s

b)

TASK 2: fill in the blanks. (10pts)

1. A culture is something not naturally produced and that takes processes.

2. The cultural production is a system of ideas, ideals, and ideology in which those ideas or objects and
processes are located related to our everyday life.

3. The mass media is where cultural production is located that has an uncanny ability to transform a
thing to an endless repetition of that thing.

4. An image/sign mediates the consumer and the product and drives our imagination and increases our
anticipation.

5. The imagination which can be a social activity or collective act is when consumption begins.

6. A lifestyle is a cultural code that we informally or formally collectively participate into.

7. The taste is a very specific social class marker.

8. Cultural production is not only about the economic processes, it’s not about the technological
apparatus; it’s not even about the product itself but the mediation between the product and the
consumer.

9. The consumption of sign equates with the consumption of the product that the circulation of sign is
almost parallel independent process.
10. When we consume a cultural sign, we consume not the product but the value/value system
associated with the product.

TASK 3: Write T if the statement is True, F is it is not. (11pts)

1. Marxist approach to culture insists that texts and practices must be analyzed in relation to their
historical conditions of production and/or the changing conditions of their reception.
Answer: F

2. Thus, each significant period in history is constructed around a particular ‘mode of production’:
that is, the way in which a society is organized to produce the affluence of life.

Answer: T

3. Hence, each mode of production can produce specific social and cultural institutions.
Answer: T

4. Marx argued that the mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and
intellectual life process in general.

Answer: T

5. In production, the “superstructure” refers to the forces and relations of production that the
former may refer to workers and their skills, and the latter refers to class relations of those
engaged in production.
Answer: T

6. It is in that sense that one’s class position is determined by one’s relationship to the mode of
production.
Answer: T

7. On the other hand, the “base” consists of institutions like schools and definite forms of social
consciousness like educational generated by those institutions.
Answer: F

8. The base is said to ‘condition’ or ‘determine’ the content and form of the superstructure. What
happens in the base is a passive reflection of what is happening in the superstructure.

Answer: T

9. As a result, the politics of a text or practice are read off from, or reduce to, the economic
condition of its production.
Answer: F
 10. Marx and Engels claimed that the dominant class is virtually guaranteed to have control over the
means of intellectual production.
Answer: F

11. With that, it means that the ideas of the ruling class are simply imposed on subordinate classes.
Answer: F

TASK 4: Write T if the statement is True; write F if it is not. (15pts)

1. Just as there are multiple forms of culture produced, there are also multiple ways of engaging or
consuming it.
Answer:

2. The “curatorial me” the capability of curating one’s own cultural experiences which is a
reconsideration of what it means to consume.
Answer:

3. Thus, sounds and images multiply on a variety of delivery systems and platforms that who
knows what producers are hearing and seeing—much less doing—anymore.
Answer:

4. The availability and uses of new media are of considerable sociological relevance having the
potential to narrow the “digital divide” on the basis of age, race, gender, and, especially, social
class.
Answer:

5. By attending to the developments of the interrelated facets of technology, occupational careers,

market, etc., one can explain a great deal about how, when, and why particular cultural forms
emerge and catch on as they do.
Answer:

6. Today’s cosmopolitan consumer culture is bound by old hierarchies of status and distinction.
Answer:

7. The new cultural environment is highly participatory, allowing for a “thickening” of

opportunities for cultural expression and creativity.
Answer:
 8. Cultural omnivore refers to the explosion of cultural choice generated by new technologies and
separation of high & popular art.

Answer:

9. Thus, technology has both increased the cost of artistic production and lessened the challenge
of reaching audiences that there is increasing number of people spending much of their leisure
time
Answer:

10. Established media/entertainment industries can create a monopolization of popular culture like
controlling content and pressure in public companies.

Answer:

11. Those with the education, skills, money, and time needed to plumb the rich, expressive
possibilities of the new cultural environment will be the curators of their own cultural lives.
Answer:

12. While, people with less education and fewer resources will increasingly rely on abundant or
homogenized forms of culture provided by consolidated media conglomerates.
Answer:

13. As a result, there is the creation of the new “digital divide” separating people on the basis of
technology, rather based on how and where citizens get information & culture.
Answer:

14. Cultural or moral dimensions of class consciousness are as important as material/economic

ones—if not more important.

Answer:

15. Elitist value morality above socioeconomic status because it offers an alternative set of criteria
for defining dignity and self-worth in the face of economic uncertainty and lack of autonomy.
Answer:

LESSON 5: MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON POP CULTURE

TASK 1:
Kindly go to the link and watch the clip entitled Mass Media on Society and Culture:
 a) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RRyX9mI5Lw

TASK 2: identify what is being described in each of the items below. (10pts)
1. This is the dissemination of information or how information is transmitted within a culture. 2. It
is a sociological perspective on mass media seeing it as an agent of socialization and enforcer of
social norms.
Answer:

2. This is a perspective that presents a standardized view of society and provides collective
experience of members of that society.

Answer:

3. It is another perspective focusing on how the media reflects, portrays, and even exacerbates the
divisions of society like social class or gender.
Answer:

4. This is a process used by corporations to control materials being presented over the media. 6. It
is often reflected by mass media giving time and space or privileging to certain social, economic,
or political interest that sometimes limits other views.

Answer:

8. This is another perspective that also holds mass media’s stereotypes and misrepresents society
towards the dominant ideology.
Answer:

9. This is a perspective focusing on the way messages about men and women are presented over
the media like men being “normal” and women being “the other”.
Answer:

10. It is another perspective looking at mass media on the micro level to see how it shaves day to
day behavior.
Answer:

11. It is a perspective that looks at how mass media blurs the line between solitary and group
activities.
Answer:

TASK 3: write T if the statement is True; write F if it is not. (10pts)

1. As described, millennials are digital natives, educated, involved, and connected demonstrating
decreased global exposure, social empathy, and a deep desire to change the world.
Answer:

2. With technology, millennials are expected to be the driving force toward cultural integrity and
globalization.

Answer:

3. For Millennials, two things are happening simultaneously: culture is impacting technology, and
technology is impacting culture.
Answer:

4. The singular cultural component for millennials is their shared similar life experiences like
musical tastes and multinational brands.

Answer:

5. On the other hand, their global component is where and how they were raised that filters out
what technology pushes at them.
Answer:

6. Culture is the lens by which we perceive the world and, in some ways, the way the world
perceives us.

Answer:

7. When a multinational company’s cultural values of education & social responsibility mpacts
other companies, culture then impacts technology in making that influence pervasive.
Answer:
8. Technology has served as a force for sweeping cultural change that the expansion of the
internet has allowed global communication and information to permeate everything.
Answer:

9. It is then the available information that will direct global change, but the conscious effort of
Millennials to use their cultural values to translate, unpack, and embed it into their daily lives.
Answer:

10. In that way, culture becomes the child, and technology becoming the parent that the parent is
the one providing the guidance.
Answer:
TASK 4: Write T if the statement is True; write F if it is not.
1. Commercial advancements in technology and the facility of the world-wide web create a sort of
transcendence in a faster and inclusive way.
Answer:

2. Watching favorite shows on the television, listening to radio programs, or even surfing the
world-wide web cannot have political, social, and economic implications.

Answer:

3. Nationalist culture is the way of living in a place in a specific time and portrays the practices of a
certain people, and on how they cope to survive with nature.
Answer:

4. Folk culture is the culture created through colonial resistance with the collective of a people on a
given place and time.
Answer:

5. Popular culture in the Philippines was created and used by the Spaniards to the native Filipinos
or Indios via plays and literature to get the heart of the natives and win it.
Answer:

6. As created by the Spanish colonial authorities, popular culture in the Philippines was created,
with the aid of the Indios, to promote the interests of the Church and the State.

Answer:

7. Through the Propaganda movement, the native intelligentsia used the same forms of popular
culture to undermine the power of the abusive friars and rally the populace to continue colonial
rule.
Answer:

8. Through American colonialism, there were liberal policies to media and increased the circulation
of popular culture forms like Hollywood films that local intelligentsia called it commercialization
or vulgarization of art.

Answer:

9. For Lumbera, popular culture is 'packaged' entertainment or art intended for the profit of rulers,
be they colonial administrators or native bureaucrats and businessmen.
 Answer:

10. The internet cannot be a "source of opinion" for the netizen that he can train him/her self to
discern real from fabricated information.

Answer:

11. Sensationalizing small news is an example of “infotainment” bending news to the stories they
often favor.
Answer:

12. The Propaganda Model means that media can make people think that something is actually
happening when something is not.

Answer:

13. The Agenda-Setting Theory is used to check the various political-economic implications of mass
media that filters are used to check the machine of mass media.
Answer:

14. For Lumbera, popular culture in the rise of technologies improved the notion of art and made it
appear that it is consumable and a commodity.

Answer:

15. Seeing a product endorsement of the main protagonist in a movie is an example of a Cross
promotion.
Answer:

16. Hence, cross-promotion does proliferate art or material with high value but sacrifices it for the
demands of the main benefactor – product endorsements.
Answer:

17. In socio-political aspect, media's power does not only reside on the economic, but also to the
monopoly of sources that whoever has command of the economic power has command of the
political.
Answer:

18. Democratization of media by the netizens can be seen in the rise of social media where everyone
can voice out their ideas via the internet.

Answer:
19. In contrast, media conglomerates’ leverage to its democratization in the social media was seen
by making an account of famous reporters so they can make real-time updates.
Answer:

20. As seen, media cannot proliferate and facilitate pop culture in creating a commercialized world.

Answer: