2 PRE-BOARD: SOIL AND WATER

RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND

CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION,
DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS
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The rate of movement of water from a level of soil surface into the soil.*
1 point

permeability rate
hydraulic rate
intake depth
infiltration rate

An aquifer with an effective porosity of 0.10 has an average hydraulic conductivity of

11.0 m/day. at a certain time, the observed piezometric contour value at an upgrading
point is 164 m and that at a down gradient point is 152 m. Determine the velocity of
groundwater flow if the average distance between the contours is 18 km.*
1 point

7 mm/day towards the down gradient point

7 mm/day towards the up-gradient point
14mm/day towards the down-gradient point
14 mm/day towards the up-gradient point

Difference in moisture content of soil between field capacity and permanent wilting
point.*
1 point

reality available moisture

saturation capacity
available moisture
irrigation water requirement
These are pipelines built near on or near the ground surface to convey water across
wide depressions.*
1 point

laterals
flumes
inverted siphons
siphons

Water flows from a region with higher moisture content to a region with lower moisture
content. This statement is*
1 point

False, if the soil is homogenous

Always False
Always true
none of the above

A type of terrace usually used for 9-24% slope characterized by breaking the slope at
certain intervals by a ridge and a flat portion to trap run-off.*
1 point

Manning’s terrace
Broad-based terrace
Bench terrace
Zingg terrace

The ability of the atmosphere to absorb radiation in the long wave more efficiently than
in the short wave range is the basis of the so-called:*
1 point

cloud effect
greenhouse effect
elevation effect
none of the above

The method of fertilizer application in which the fertilizer is dissolved in water as

prescribed and then sprayed on the upper portion of the plant particularly the leaves*
1 point

localized fertilizer
foliar spray fertilizer
system tank
broadcast method
side dressing method

A communication antenna is on top of a building. You are 100 ft from the building. Using
a transit, you measure the angle of  elevation  of the bottom of the antenna as 20.6° and
the angle of elevation of the top of the antenna as 27.3°. How tall is the antenna?*
1 point

12 ft
14 ft
37.6 ft
20 ft

The rate of vertical water movement through the soil at saturated condition is*
1 point

soil permeability
depletion rate
infiltration rate
percolation rate

A crop grown between orchard trees or on field between cropping season to protect the
land from leaching and erosion*
1 point

cash crop
companion crop
inter-tilled crop
relay crop
cover crop

Using the float method  in determining the velocity of water in a channel, the float
velocity in relation to the average water velocity is*
1 point

no relation at all
greater than the average water velocity
equal to the average water velocity
less than the average water velocity

The moisture content of the soil when the gravitational water has been removed*
1 point

field capacity
available water
permanent wilting point
readily available moisture

The rate of decrease of temperature with the increase in elevation is called*

1 point

lapse rate
Updraft
deflection rate
convection rate

Subsurface drain system wherein laterals join the submain on both sides alternately.*
1 point

herringbone
parallel drain system
double main system
gridiron

How much water should be applied to  6 ha farm where the rooting depth is 80 cm if it is
in permanent wilting point? Volumetric moisture contents are 0.15 and 0.32 for
permanent wilting point and field capacity, respectively.*
1 point

15, 360 m^3

6, 120 m^3
8, 160 m^3
7,200 m^3

The International Soil Science Society describes sand as a soil particle with the
diameter of*
1 point

0.02 to 2 mm
0.002 to 0.02 mm
0.2 to 2mm
0.002 to 0.2 mm

Determine the 10-year period peak runoff for 80-hectare watershed having a runoff
coefficient of 0.4. The maximum length of flow of water is 610 meters and the fall along
this path is 6.0 meters. The rainfall intensity for that return period is 101.25 mm/hr
having a duration equal to the time of concentration.*
1 point

16.5
1.5
16.3
9.0

Water which has been absorbed from an atmosphere of water vapor as a result of
attractive forces in the surface of the particles.*
1 point

hygroscopic water
mineral water
capillary water
gravitational water
rainwater

After a 2-hour storm, a station downstream from a 45 square mile drainage basin
measures 9400 cfs as a peak discharge and 3300 acre-feet as total runoff. Find the 2-
hour unit hydrograph peak discharge.*
1 point

8,800 cfs
3,300 cfs
6,800 cfs
9,400 cfs

Marikina watershed having a drainage area of 500 sq. km. has been characterized to
have an average CN value of 65 in 1970 where it experienced a storm depth of 100
mm. After 30 years, the same storm magnitude was felt but this time, due primarily to a
change in land use inside the watershed, the CN value now is 84. What is the
percentage change in depth of runoff?*
1 point

29%
1.33%
80%
41%

A type of drainage system where laterals meet the main line at only one side*
1 point

Random
Natural
gridiron
herringbone
An 8mm rainfall was measured by a USWB standard rain gauge (8 inches in diameter).
Determine the height of water in the inner cylinder, whose area is one tenth of the catch
area*
1 point

259.0 mm
80.0 mm
80.0 cm
0.8 cm

A storm occurred in two similar watersheds, Glads and Karl, both has. 700 in a area.
Glads watershed is long and slender while Karl watershed is short but wide. Which
watershed will experience the earliest and the highest peak flow assuming that the
rainfall over the watershed is evenly distributed?*
1 point

Karl
The same
Glads
Neither Karl nor Glads

A soil sample was taken which has a wet water mass of 220 kg. The mass water
content of the soil was 0.18. Find the dry mass of the soil*
1 point

268 kg
168 kg
186 kg
222 kg

A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m from the well to a
tomato farm. Drop in elevation is 50 m. over the 250 m canal length and roughness
coefficient, is 0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth of
flowing water  of 0.25 m, if the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow*
1 point

b = 50 m
b = 25 m
b = 0.25 m
b = 0.5 m

The capacity of rainfall (precipitation) to effect the detachment and transport of soil
particles*
1 point

Effectivity
Erosivity
Conductivity
Erodibilty

Its a geologic formation which transmits water at a rate insufficient to be economically

developed for pumping*
1 point

aquifer
aquiclude
aquifuge
aquitard

A 30-minute duration rainfall (mm) from a recording raingauge wa plotted versus time
(min) and an equation was obtained in the form, R = 0.1 + 0.333* t(R^2 = 0.999).
determine the rainfall intensity in mm/hr.*
1 point

10
20
15
100

A 30-minute duration rainfall (mm) from a recording raingauge was plotted versus time
(min) and an equation was obtained in the form, R = 0.1 + 0.333* t(R^2 = 0.999).
determine the rainfall intensity in mm/hr.*
1 point

100
20
10
15

A method of asexual propagation involving the transfer of aerial parts of one plant
(scion) to the root trunk material (stock) of another plant*
1 point

Marcotting
Hydroponics
Grafting
Inoculation
bonsai-making

A vessel contains 2 liters of alcohol and 28 liter of water. How many liters of alcohol
must be added to make the final mixture 12.5% alcohol?*
1 point

4.21 liters
3 liters
2 liters
2.51 liters

A horizontal fully flowing 4-inch pipe is discharging water. The X-coordinate and Y-
coordinate of the water trajectory as measured from the end of the pipe are 1.5m and
0.8, respectively. Assuming that the coefficient of discharge is .0, what is thee discharge
of the pipe?*
1 point

10 lps
20 lps
30 lps
40 lps

A type of cropping system wherein different crops are planted in an area one after the
other each season.*
1 point

cropping pattern
relay cropping
mixed cropping
strip cropping

The soil property which describes the ability of the soil to transmit water*
1 point

hydraulic gradient
percolation rate
soil matric potential
soil hydraulic conductivity

A flood flow of 560 m3 /s was determined to have a 20% probability occurrence. What is
its a return period?*
1 point

5 years
20 years
50 years
2 years

Two airplanes, traveling into opposite directions, leaves an airport at the same time. If
one plane averages 480 mph and the other averages 520 mph, how long it will take
before they are 2000 miles apart?*
1 point

3.5 hours
2 hours
1 hour
3 hours
2.5 hours

When the water level in an orifice drops below the upper edge of the orifice, the flow
becomes ___*
1 point

pipe flow
orifice flow
open channel flow
weir flow

The phenomenon by which air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier*

1 point

convective lifting
wind upsurge
frontal lifting
orographic lifting

It is the measure of the amount of water that the soil will retain against a tension of 15
atmosphere*
1 point

readily available moisture

available moisture
field capacity
permanent wilting point

Darcy’s Law of states that the flow of water through a porous medium is*
1 point

neither of the statement above

inversely proportional to the length of flow of path
proportional to the medium’s hydraulic conductivity
both of the statement above

It is the water retained about individual soil particles by molecular action and can be
removed only by heating.*
1 point

microscopic water
hygroscopic water
hydrophoic water
permanent wilting point

The removal of soil by water from small but well-defined channels or streamlets when
there is a concentration of the overland flow.*
1 point

rill erosion
sheet erosion
gully erosion
streambank erosion

A mean runoff of 1 m^3 /s from catchment of area 31.54 km^2 represent an effective
rainfall of*
1 point

100 cm
1.0 cm
100 mm
3.17cm
None of the above

The difference between field capacity and permanent wilting point*

1 point

available moisture
capillary water
all of the choices
none of the choices

Particle density is the ratio of mass of the dry soil to the  *

1 point

bulk volume
pore volume
Air-filled pore volume
Soil volume

The measure of the amount of water in which soil will retain against a tension of 15
atmosphere*
1 point

readily available moisture

permanent wilting point
available moisture
field capacity

Which of the following is true for the parabola = -4x² + 20x - 25*
1 point

It opens downward and has no x-intercepts

It opens downward and has one x-intercepts
It opens downward and has two x-intercepts
It opens downward and has two y-intercepts

Structured device designed to hold a pool of water to cushion the impact and retard the
flow of falling water as from an overflow weir, chute or drop*
1 point

stilling basin
Apron
pond
Sill

Three m^3/s water is delivered from a river into a canal. Of this amount, 2.25m^3/s is
delivered to the farm. The surface runoff from thee irrigated area is 450 lps and the
contribution to the groundwater is 300 lps. What is the conveyance efficiency?*
1 point

75%
50%
25%
12.5%

In hypothesis testing, the error committed in rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true*
1 point

Type II
Type I
Type III
Type IV

A sharp-edged cylinder 150 mm in diameter is pushed into the soil.  A 200 mm soil
column is secured.  The wet weight is 5525 grams and the dry weight is 4950 grams.
What is the percent moisture content on a dry weight basis?*
1 point

13.62%
11.62%
12.62%
10.62%

A stream-flow discharge measurement, over a period of one hour, at an outlet gives

1000 ft^3/sec. If the area it drains is 3.10 sq. miles, what is the equivalent depth of
stream*
1 point

0.05 in.
0.5 in.
50.0 in
5.0 in.

Determine the 10-year period peak runoff for 80-hectare watershed having a runoff
coefficient of 0.4. The maximum length of flow of water is 610 meters and the fall along
this path is 6.0 meters. The rainfall intensity for that return period is 101.25 mm/hr
having a duration equal to the time of concentration.*
1 point

16.3
1.5
9.0
16.5

Consider a farm irrigation ditch in a loam soil having the following dimensions: bottom
width, 0.5m; total depth, 0.6 m; side slopes of 1horizontal to 1 vertical, and depth of
water, 0.4 m. The bottom of the ditch has a uniform slope of 1 m/km.  Assume a
Manning’s roughness coefficient, n of 0.02.  Find the cross-sectional area of the stream*
1 point

1.63 m^2
0.22 m^2
0.36 m^2
0.58 m^2
One thousand two hundred and fifty cubic meters of water was delivered to a 10 ha
farm for the month of June in which the consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The
effective rainfall for the period was 150 mm. what is the irrigation efficiency?*
1 point

32%
87%
52%
72%

The numbers of bags packed by eleven factory workers are as follows: 7, 16, 121, 51,
101, 81, 5, 16, 9, 11, and 16. That is the median of this data?*
1 point

7
16
6
81

An oval athletic field is the combination of the square and semi-circles at opposite ends.
If the total area of the field is 1,200 square yards, find the area of the square.*
1 point

475.1 sq. yd
672.1 sq. yd
712.4 sq. yd
532.2 sq. yd

Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in a prismatic channel is constant with
respect to time*
1 point

uniform flow
critical flow
steady flow
laminar flow

Any value calculated from a sample data.*

1 point

Observation
Parameter
Statistic
Numeric
For the watershed of 360 hectares, the peak run--off rate for 0.5 cm/hr rain intensity (at
the time of concentration) was observed as 2.5 m3/s. What is the runoff coefficient?*
1 point

5.0
0.005
0.05
0.5

A cube has a diagonal of length 563. Find its surface area in square units.*
1 point

125
225
150
450

A practice to minimize the effect of raindrop erosion*

1 point

contour farming
mulching
corrugation
terracing

It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water*
1 point

apparent specific gravity

particle density
bulk density
real specific gravity

The rate of which water moves through the soil profile is called*
1 point

percolation rate
soil permeability
soil hydraulic conductivity
infiltration rate

If the slope of a watershed is 9% and the L factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation is
10 (l = 2200 m), what is the topography factor LS?*
1 point
10.0
1.0
5.0
15.0

It refers to the composite parts of the irrigation system that diverts water from natural
bodies of water such as rivers, streams, lakes.*
1 point

diversion dam
head works
irrigation structures
main canal

A cylinder was pushed into the soil.  The cross-sectional area of the cylinder was 0.025
m^2.  The length of the soil column within the cylinder was 0.30 m.  The weight of the
soil within the cylinder was 9.5 kg when it was dried.  The weight of the soil before
drying was 11.4 kg.  Determine the bulk density of the soil*
1 point

1.37 g/cc
1.27 g/cc
1.27
1.37

Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the sloping land resulting from the overland
flow*
1 point

sheet erosion
coastal erosion
rill erosion
splash erosion

In a random sample of 100 students, 40 said they opposed the plan of the school to
charge a new development fee.  An unbiased estimate of the proportion of students who
support the payment of the new development fee is __*
1 point

60
60/100
40/100
40
Determine the irrigation interval for a farm with soil root zone having a field capacity of
20 mm and a wilting point of 105 mm. Assume that the consumptive use for August is
7.5 mm/day with no rainfall and the allowable moisture depletion is 75%*
1 point

3 days
9 days
10 days
4 days

When the water must be conveyed under the natural or artificial drainage channel, the
structure used is ____*
1 point

Inverted siphon
Chute
Siphon
Drop

A sprinkler spacing of 12 x 18 m and an application rate of 10 mm/hr will require a

sprinkler with a capacity of ____*
1 point

0.6 liter per second

3.6 liters per second
36 liters per second
6 liters per second

The soil moisture at field capacity is 27.2 % and the moisture content at the time of
irrigating is 19.0 %. the apparent sp. gravity of the soil is 1.3 and the depth of the soil to
be wetted is 1 m. How many ha-mm per ha of water must be applied?*
1 point

10.7
107
100
0.107

A technique wherein a young embryo is collected from a donor female parent and then
implanted into the uterus of a recipient female parent*
1 point

random mating
embryo transfer
mastication
artificial insemination
breeding

The soil property which is not affected by tillage and soil management but is dependent
on the soil mineralogy and organic matter content*
1 point

Porosity
Bulk density
Particle density
Void ratio

Three m^3/s water is delivered from a river into a canal. Of this amount, 2.25m3/s is
delivered to the farm. The surface runoff from thee irrigated area is 450 lps and the
contribution to the groundwater is 300 lps. Compute the water application efficiency.*
1 point

33.33 %
30%
13.33 %
66.67 %

A farmer desires to irrigate a border which is 12 m wide and 150 m long.  He wants to
apply a 75-mm depth of water to the area with a stream of 60 lps.  How long will it take
to irrigate the border?*
1 point

3.75 hrs
6.25 hrs
0.625 hrs
37.5 hrs

The recommended pressure variation in the lateral between the first and the last
sprinkler is*
1 point

20%
15%
5%
10%
What is the depth of the trapezoidal channel with a side-slope of 2 and carrying  3.2
m^2/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a
velocity of 0.85 m/s.*
1 point

1.04 m
1.79 m
1.05 m
1.80 m

The USLE is method of computing soil erosion. What type of soil erosion does it
estimated?*
1 point

sheet, rill and gully erosion

sheet and rill erosion only
sheet erosion only
all types of erosion

In the Soil Conservation method (curve number method), if the Curve number is 100,
this indicates that*
1 point

runoff = 0
rainfall is highly erosive
rainfall is less than runoff
rainfall = runoff

The precipitation that reaches the ground surface may be stored as*
1 point

surface water
snow and ice
subsurface water
all of the choices

Portion of precipitation that is retained on the leaves, branches, and stems of vegetation
and  on  the  litter  covering  the  ground*
1 point

interception
infiltration
transpiration
percolation
Given a canal with 1 to 1 side slopes and cross-sectional area of 10 m^2.  Find the
dimensions for the best hydraulic cross-section  *
1 point

bottom width = depth = 2.35 m

bottom width = depth = 1.92 m
bottom width = 2.35 m, depth = 1.92 m
depth = 2.35 m, bottom width = 1.92 m

A topographically defined area drained by a river or a system of connecting rivers such

that all outflow is discharged through a single outlet*
1 point

watershed
drainage basin
catchment area
all of the above

An application rate of 1mm/day is equal to*

1 point

Neither of the choices

0.116 liters per second
All of the choices
0.044 liters per hour

In the identification of potential dam sites, which one is not part of the guidelines?*
1 point

availability of potential service areas for irrigation, power, domestic and water supply, and flood
control
topographic condition providing a wide and deep reservoir upstream of the damsites
high density population to supply the needed labor
availability of a narrow gorge for minimum earthwork for dam for dam embankment

 A watershed has an area of 300ha. Due to a 10cm rainfall event over the watershed, a
streamflow is generated and at the outlet of the watershed it last for 10hrs. Assuming a
runoff/rainfall ratio of 0.2 for this event, the average streamflow rate at the outlet in the
period of 10hrs is,*
1 point

1.33 m^3 /sec

1.67 m^3 /sec
100 m^3 /min
60,000 m^3 /hr
None of the above

Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the sloping land resulting from the overland
flow*
1 point

coastal erosion
rill erosion
sheet erosion
splash erosion

The sum total of water lost in a given area thru transpiration from plants, evaporation
from soil and water surface and for building tissues of plants.*
1 point

Deep percolation
Consumptive use
Seepage
Runoff

It is a process of destroying most disease-producing microorganisms and limiting

fermentation in milk subjected to heating for a definite time at a definite temperature
thereafter cooling it immediately*
1 point

Homogenization
Pasteurization
Fabrication
Condensation
Evaporization

A farmer wishes to apply 12 ha-cm of water to his 3 ha plantation using a centrifugal

pump with a capacity of 2000 liters per minute at 1600 rpm and pumping head of 5 m. If
the irrigation efficiency is 60%, how long will it take him to apply the water?*
1 point

10.0 hrs
20.0 hrs
16.7 hrs
33.3 hrs

On a 20% hill slope, it is proposed to construct bench terraces with 1:1 batter slope. If
the vertical interval is 2 meters, what is the width of the terrace?*
1 point

8m
10 m
16 m
20 m

Irrigation before the final seedbed preparation and planting; a method to insure
adequate moisture for the germination of crop seeds*
1 point

flood-irrigation
pre-irrigation
post-irrigation
intermittent
drip-irrigation

If the sample is chosen such that each value in the population has an equal and
independent chance of being included in the sample, sampling is done through*
1 point

simple random sampling

systematic random sampling
stratified random sampling
random sampling

The science dealing with the waters of the earth, their occurrence, distribution and
circulation, their chemical and physical properties and their interaction with the
environment:*
1 point

weather
meteorology
climatology
hydrology

It is the ratio of the peak runoff rate to the rainfall intensity*

1 point

Discharge coefficient
Recharge coefficient
Drainage coefficient
Runoff coefficient
An irrigator uses a stream of 100 lps for two days (48 hrs) to irrigate 12 has.  What is
the average depth of water applied?*
1 point

1.44 cm
144 cm
14.4 cm
14.4 mm

Vigna radiata is commonly known as ___*

1 point

Mungbean
Peanut
bush sitao
rice bean
castor bean

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