HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN GLOBAL CONTEXT

• 300 B.C- Hippocrates- considered “Father of Medicine” and author of Hippocratic Oath urine taste testing

• Galen- Greek physician and philosopher Four Humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile)

• Medieval Europe- diagnosis by “water casting” (uroscopy) was widely practiced

• 900 A.D- first book detailing characteristics of urine

• 11th Century- medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examination

• 18th Century- mechanical techniques and cadaver dissections were used

• 19th Century- physicians began using machines for diagnosis or therapeutics and use of chemistry was pivotal in
diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphtheria and syphilis

• 1969- 80% of medical professionals were non-physicians

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES

• 1985- University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine was opened

• 1918- John Kolmer published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians

• 1920- Administrative units of clinical laboratories in large hospitals were directed by a chief physicians and clinical
laboratories consisted of 4 to 5 divisions.

• 1922-American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) was founded

• 1950s-Medical Technologists in the US sought professional recognition through licensure exams

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• 16th Century- Spanish Empire established Manila as their capital

• 1565- Hospital Real in Cebu was moved to Manila to cater military patients

• 1578- Franciscans built San Lazaro Hospital

• 1596- Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for poor Spaniards

• 1641- Hospital de San Jose was founded in Cavite

• 1611- Dominicans founded UST

• 1871- UST established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine

• First clinical laboratory in the Philippines established during WW II by 6thInfantry Division of the US army at Quiracada
St. Sta. Cruz, Manila ( known now as Manila Public Health Laboratory)

• June 1945- US Army left and endorsed laboratory to National Department of Health and was non-operational

• October 1945- Dr. Pio de Roda with the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano reopened the laboratory

• Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana- conducted a training program for aspiring laboratory workers and 6 month
training program was prepared

• 1954- Bureau of Private Education approved a 4-year course in BSMT

• Manila Sanitarium Hospital (MSH)- opened the first school of MT under the leadership of Mrs. Villa Hedrick

• 1954- Philippine Union College( Adventist University of the Philippines) absorbed MSH’s School of MT

• Dr. Jesse Umali- first graduate of the MT program

• 1957- UST offered Medical Technology course as an elective for pharmacy students

• 1961- Medical Technology was recognized as official program in UST

• 1960- CEU offered BS Medical Technology

•Established in 1960

•Initiative of the 2nd CEU President ( CDL ) and Univ. Registrar ( GDL )

• 1962 – First batch of graduates

DEANS OF CEU – CMT

1960-1963 : Ms. Purification Suaco

•Organized and monitored the proper implementation of the Medical Technology curriculum

1963 – 1969 : Porfirio de Guia, MD

• Former University Medical Clinic and the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts.

•Credited for the steady growth in the enrollment

•Responsible for hospital affiliations

1984-1989 : Fe N. Martinez, RMT, PhD

•Review class inside CEU was established to monitor closely the students preparation for the board exam.

1989 – 2006 : Priscilla A. Panlasigui, CLS, PhD

• Curriculum enrichments to meet the demand of globalization.

• 1993 and 2001 MT Program Accreditation

• Integration of the ff. :

• EMT

• Pharmacology

• Cytology

• Medical Transcription

• Research

2006 – Present: Dr. Charito M. Bermido, RMT, PhD

•Level III re-accreditation in 2007

•Reforms were made especially in the areas of teaching, research, curriculum and Board exam review.
 SCIENTIST IN THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY FIELD

• Rufus of Ephesus - first description of hematuria attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the
blood (50 AD)

• Galen - created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates’ humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory;
founder of experimental physiology (180 AD)

• Isaac Judaeus - devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid (900 AD)

• William Harvey - discovered the circulation of blood; marked the beginning of a period of mechanical explanations for
a variety of functions and processes (1578-1657)

• Athanasius Kircher - earliest microscopist; probably the first to use the microscope to investigate the causes of disease
(1602–1680)

• Robert Hooke - used the microscope to document the existence of cells and inspired the works of later histologists
(1635–1703)

• Marcello Malpighi - founder of histology; famous for his investigations on embryology and the histology and
physiology of the glands and viscera (1628–1694)

• Frederik Dekkers – observed that urine that contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid
(1694)

• Thomas Willis - first to noticed the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine, which established the principle for the
differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (1621–1675)

• Richard Lower - first to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another (1631–1691)

• William Hewson - discovered the cause of coagulation, which he called “coagulable lymph,” now known as fibrinogen
(1739–1774)

• Johannes Evangelista Purkinje – works include descriptions of the germinal vesicle in the embryo, description and
naming of protoplasm, discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts, and numerous
descriptions of brain, nerve, and muscle cells (1823)

• Louis Pasteur – introduced the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; discovered partial heat sterilization or
Pasteurization; attenuated vaccines (1822–1895)

• Sir William Osler – established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine tests were carried out by
attending physicians (1898)

• Robert Koch – discovered the complete life history and sporulation of the anthrax bacillus; developed a method of
obtaining pure cultures of organisms; played a role in perfecting the method of steam sterilization; discovered the
tubercle bacillus by other special culture and staining methods and formulated a rule for determining the specificity of
disease-causing organisms; discovered Vibrio cholera and recognized its routes of transmission (1843–1910)

• Joseph Lister – discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid (1827–1912)

• Sir Almroth Edward Wright - first to observe the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood; devised a
coagulometer to estimate coagulation time.

• Paul Ehrlich - developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat; discovered mast cells and saw
their granulations using a basic aniline stain; classified white blood cells into different morphological types; discovered
methylene blue as a bacterial stain (1854–1915)

• Sir Alexander Fleming – accidentally discovered penicillin (1881–1955)

• Christian Gram - developed the bacteriological staining method most widely used today (1884)
R. J. Petri – developed the plating technique using double dishes now called Petri dishes (1887)

• Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk - discovered the antibacterial action prontosil, a derivative of sulfonamide (1895–
1964)

• Otto Folin - introduced Jaffe’s alkaline picrate method for creatinine; published the first normal values for uric acid,
NPN, and protein in blood for assessment of renal function; discovered the Folin Ciocalteau reagent (b1904-1922)
• Karl Landsteiner - discovered the concept of the human blood types; described the ABO blood group; studied bleeding
in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor (1868–1943)

• James C. Todd – edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis
(1908)

• John Kolmer - published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians,” which included a description of the
first formal training course in medical technology (1918)

• G.N. Papanicolaou - first reported the ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smears, thus beginning clinical cytology
(1928)