Module 3 | Topic 3.

Technological Change
 Heavenly Father,

Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all.

For your protection and love we thank you.
Help us to focus our hearts and minds, now on what we are about
to learn.

Inspire us by your holy spirit as we listen and write.

Guide us by your eternal light,
As we discover more about the world around us

Amen.

Let Us Pray
 Reminders:

• Prelim Grading (required submissions)

• No Prelim Exam (50% of PG)
• Faculty Online Class Performance Evaluation
• Exam Results (48pts) +K!
• NO PRELIM EXAM
A short recap, last time we discussed about…
 In the first module, we learned about the digital age, history of digital
revolution and its cultural and ecological impacts.

 Meanwhile, the second module includes topics on the digital divide, its impacts
and some strategies in bridging the gap.

 And lastly, we discussed about the information privacy and information

technology (IT) ethics, as well as some terminologies relating to issues in
computer ethics.

 We also defined the cybercrime and the different types of cybercrime attacks
that is punishable by law.
 Intended Learning Outcome (ILO)

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 define what technological change is;

 explain the complex role of technology in social life;

 construct an account of the relationship between

technology and society; and

 analyze how societies are shaped because of

technological change;
 Topics to be discussed:

1. What is a technology and technological change?

2. Stages of technological change.

3. The impact of technological change on society.

4. The positive and negative effect of technological

change.
What is technology?
 Technology
• Technology is the set of knowledge, skills, experience and techniques through which
humans change, transform and use our environment in order to create tools, machines,
products, and services that meet our needs and desires.

• Technology concerns itself with understanding how knowledge is creatively

applied to organized tasks involving people and machines that meet sustainable
goals.

There are three important aspects to this definition:

1. Technology is about taking action to meet a human need

2. It uses facts, practical craft knowledge rather than theoretical knowledge
3. It involves organized ways of doing things

Source: https://www.what-is.info/what-is-technology.html
Source: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/engineering-and-technology/technology/what-technology
 Technological Change

Technological change is an increase in the

efficiency of a product or process that
results in an increase in output without an
increase in input.

Technological change is a term used to

describe incremental change in the quality
and quantity of knowledge and ideas that
are applied in the stream of activities to
enhance the social and economic well
being of the society.

Source: Source : https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html

Source: “Technological Change and Economic Transformation” by Musa Jega Ibrahim
Image Source: google.com
Stages of Technological Change
 Stages of Technological Change

The Schumpeterian trilogy divides the technological change

process into three stages

Source: https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/383.pdf
 3 Stages of Technological Change

• The first stage is the invention process, encompassing the generation of new ideas.

Invention •

•
Invention is forming a new thought having a potential to apply in economy.

It is assumed that the frequency of inventions was determined by the scientific knowledge and the
invention is dispersed in almost accidental way in time

• The second stage is the innovation process encompassing the development of new ideas into
marketable products and processes. Innovations is the first commercial application stage of invention.

• Developing innovations is determined by the technologic and economic conditions, in which the firm
(making innovation) is. Innovations may be intensified in certain periods and sectors, because in order

Innovation for a radical innovation to be able to use its all technological potential, many complementary (small)
innovations are needed.

• In other words, after a radical (successful) innovation, technologic change follow a certain way defined
as ―technological trajectory.

• Invention becomes applicable in industry and this can realize after a long time from the invention.

Source: https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/383.pdf
 3 Stages of Technological Change

• The third stage is the diffusion stage, in which the new products and processes spread across the
potential market

Diffusion • Spread of innovation provides economic growth and increase in employment

• This emerging process of invention-innovation-spread cause’s business cycles in the economy

• Technologic innovation, as an internal element of economy, becomes the most important factor
providing the dynamic of economic development.

Source: https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/383.pdf
Major impacts of technological change
 Major Impacts of Technological Change

1. Creates new products and processes

2. Increases efficiency, lower cost
3. Helps economies evolve
4. Decreases self-reliance

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
Impact to Society
 Technological Change

Impact to Society or “Social Change”

o The term social change is used to indicate the changes that take place in human interactions and interrelations.
Social change means a change in the system of social relationships.

o Science and technology are essential ingredients of modern life. They transcend local boundaries and touches
the lives of everyone.

o The evolution of humanity can be seen in terms of technological development as well.

o The invention of fire and the wheel changed the face of humankind.

o The technological factors represent the conditions created by men that have a profound influence on his life.

o Technology is the product of civilization.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Technology and Industrialization

o Technology has contributed to the growth of industries or to the process of industrialization.

o Industrialization is a term covering in general terms the growth in a society mainly agrarian of modern industry
with all its circumstances and problems, economic and social.

o It describes in general terms the growth of a society in which a significant role is played by the manufacturing
industry.

o Industrialization is associated with the factory system of production.

o The process of industrialization has affected nature, character, and the growth of the economy.

o It has contributed to the growth of cities or the process of urbanization.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Technology and Urbanization

o In many countries, the growth of industries has contributed to the growth of cities.

o Urbanization denotes a diffusion of the influence of urban centers on a rural hinterland.

o Urbanization can be described as a process of becoming urban moving to cities changing from agriculture to
other pursuits typical to cities and the corresponding change of behavior patterns.

o As a result of industrialization, people have started moving towards the industrial areas in search of employment.

o Due to this, the industrial sectors developed into towns and cities.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Technology and Modernization

o Modernization is a process that indicates the adoption of modern ways of life and values.

o It refers to an attempt on the part of the people, particularly those who are custom-bound to adapt themselves
to the present time, conditions, needs, styles, and ways in general.

o It indicates a change in people's food habits, dress habits, speaking styles, tastes, choices, preferences, ideas,
values, recreational activities, and so on.

o People in the process of getting modernized give more importance to science and technology.

o The scientific and technological inventions have modernized societies in various countries.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Development of the means of

transportation and communication
o The development of transport and communication has led to national and international trade on a large scale.

o Road transport, the train service, the ships, and airplanes have eased the movement of men and material goods.

o Post and telegraph, radio and television, newspapers and magazines, telephone and wireless and the like have
developed a great deal.

o The space research and the launching of the satellites for communication purposes have further added to these
developments. They have helped the people belonging to different corners of the nation or the world to have
regular contacts.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Transformation in the economy &

evolution of new social classes
o The introduction of the factory system of production has turned the agricultural economy into an industrial
economy.

o The industrial or the capitalist economy has divided the social organization into two predominant classes- the
capitalist class and the working class.

o These two classes are always at conflict due to mutually opposite interests.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Technology and Unemployment

o The problem of unemployment has become the effect of rapid technological advancement.

o Machines not only provide employment opportunities for men, but they also take away the jobs of men through
labor-saving devices.

o These results in technological unemployment

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Technology and War

o The dangerous effect of technology is evident through the new mode of warfare.

o The weaponry has brought fears and anxieties to humankind. They can quickly destroy the entire human race to
reveal how technology could be misused.

o Thus more significant the technological advancement, the more risk for humanity

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
 Technological Change

Changes in social institutions

o Technology has profoundly altered our modes of life. Technology has not spared the social institutions of its
effects. The institutions of family, religion, morality, marriage, state, property have been altered.

o Modern technology is taking away industry from the household has radically changed the family organization.
Many functions of the family have been taken away by other agencies.

o Marriage is losing its sanctity. It is treated as a civil contract than a sacred bond.

o Marriages are becoming more and more unstable. Instances of divorce, desertion, and separation are increasing.

o Technology has elevated the status of women, but it has also contributed to the stresses and strains in the
relations between men and women at home.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-technological-change-definition-advantages-impact-examples.html
Negative effects of technology on society
 Negative effect of technology on society

1. Relationships can be harmed by too much tech use.

2. Young people are losing the ability to interact face-to-face.
3. Technology is addictive.
4. Technology is leading us to sedentary lifestyles.
5. The vast use of tech solutions is likely to result in poor social skills.
6. Plagiarism and cheating have increased while analysis and critical
thinking have declined.
7. Among the most dangerous effects of technology is obesity. Being
absorbed by a laptop or a tablet, people tend to snack a lot, keep late
hours, and exercise less.
8. One of the most dramatic impacts of technology is the decline in the
quality and quantity of sleep.

Source: Source : https://www.businessinsider.com/technology-negative-bad-effects-society-2019-8#relationships-can-be-harmed-by-too-much-tech-use-7

Positive effects of technology on society
 Positive effect of technology on society

1. Predicting air quality in cities within

minutes
2. Technology and the sea
3. Open data for smart cities
4. Smart cars and machine learning
5. Travels with A.I.

Source :https://www.polidea.com/blog/positivetech-positive-effects-of-technology-on-society/
Questions?
Activity 3.1: Research work
Go to your Canvas…
 Topic 3.1: Summary

 In this Lesson we defined the technology and some of its important aspects
such as meeting a human’s need, practical craft knowledge, and
organization.
 We also discussed the “technological change” and examine some of its
applications in the modern world.
 We learned about the stages of technological change based on
“Schumpeterian trilogy” i.e. invention, innovation, and diffusion
 There are four (4) major impacts of technological change e.g. creation of new
products and processes, efficiency, economic evolution and decreased self
reliance
 Lastly we have identified the impacts of technological change to different
sectors of society including the negative and positive effects.
Thank You!
 References

1. What is technology? (2020) Retrieve from https://www.what-is.info/what-is-technology.html

2. Definition of technological change? (2020) Retrieve from

https://programsandcourses.anu.edu.au/course/socy1006#terms

3. Impacts of technological change (2020) Retrieve from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-

technological-change-definitionadvantages-impact-examples.html

4. Impacts of technological change on society (2020) Retrieve from https://www.sociologyguide.com/social-

change/impact-of-technology-change.php

5. Negative effects of technological change (2020) Retrieve from https://kidslox.com/blog/top-5-negative-effects-of-

technology-you-even-dont-suspect/ | https://www.businessinsider.com/technology-negative-bad-effects-society-
2019-8#relationships-can-be-harmed-by-too-much-tech-use-7

6. Positive effects of technological change (2020) Retrieve from https://www.polidea.com/blog/positivetech-

positive-effects-of-technology-on-society/
 MODULE 3 | Topic 3.2

Online Community
 Heavenly Father,

Only your peace can sustain us through the anxiety and stresses of todays activity.
Your peace surpasses all understanding.
We ask for this gift and choose to lean upon you at this time.
Lord, come and remind us of your unfailing love.

We lay down our fears before you.

We leave them at the foot of the cross, for you have overcome the world.
We choose to give you all our concerns, worries and fears of failure.
We trust that your loving hand will hold us through

Amen.

Let Us Pray
A short recap, last time we discussed about…
 The different definitions of “technology” and the “technological change”
wherein we also identified some important aspects of its definition.

 We expounded on the stages of technological change based on

“Schumpeterian Trilogy” such as the invention, innovation, and diffusion.

 The major impacts of technological change e.g. creation of new product &
process, efficiency & lower cost, economic evolution, and decreased self-
reliance.

 Lastly, we discussed about the impact of technological change to society i.e.

industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and so on.
 Intended Learning Outcome (ILO)

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 define what online community is;

 explain the basic terminologies related to the online community;

 discover the benefits of an online community to the society; and

 classify the different members of the online community and

social media according to purpose and function.
 Topics Outline

1. What is the online community?

2. Basic terminologies related to online community.

3. Categories of the online community.

4. Some benefits of the online community.

5. Who are the members of the online community?

6. Classification of social media according to purpose

and function.
What is online community?
 Online Community
 An online community also called an internet community or web community is a virtual
community whose members interact with each other primarily via the Internet.

 An online community can act as an information system where members can post, comment
on discussions, give advice, or collaborate.

 The online community is a group of people with a shared interest or

purpose who use the Internet to communicate with each other.

Organizations often create online communities as:

1. Professional, sometimes private network to bring people together around a

shared business-based experience
2. Expansive online collaboration and growth

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community
Source :https://blog.higherlogic.com/what-is-an-online-community
 Online Community

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/ | https://github.com/ |https://www.webdeveloper.com/ | https://www.codeproject.com/ | https://www.reddit.com/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

https://www.upwork.com/ | http://thepiratebay.org/index.html |
Basic terminologies related
to online community
 Basic Terminologies

 Virtual Community a social network of individuals who connect through specific

social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries to
pursue mutual interests or goals.

 Social networking service also social networking site or social media is an online
platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with
other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities,
backgrounds or real-life connections.

 The chatroom is primarily used to describe any form of synchronous conferencing,

occasionally even asynchronous conferencing.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community
 Basic Terminologies

 An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people

can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.

 A blog or "weblog" is a discussion or informational website published on the World

Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries or posts.

 The virtual world is a computer-simulated environment that may be populated by

many users who can create a personal avatar and simultaneously and
independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities, and
communicate with others.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community
 Categories of online community

Public
Social Can you give an example?

Networks

Private
online Can you give an example?

communities
Source : https://blog.higherlogic.com/what-is-an-online-community
 Categories of online community

Public
Social free, large scale, i.e. Facebook, instragram, or LinkedIn.

Networks

Private
small scale. i.e., branded online customer communities, partner
online communities, or member communities

communities
Source : https://blog.higherlogic.com/what-is-an-online-community
Benefits of Online Community
 Benefits of online community

1. Instead of traveling to a coffee shop or hotel, you meet at a

web site
2. Instead of having a face-to-face discussion, you post
messages to one another
3. Instead of picking a time and place to meet, the
community is always-on
4. Instead of depending on a physical location or resource to
keep track of community events and activities, a web site
can do it for you.

Source : https://www.commoncraft.com/archives/000208.html
Who are the members of the online
community
 Community Architect

A community architect, is the person or group of people who want to form an

online community.

o They are the ones who set goals associated with the community, decide what the purpose will be, and what tools
should initially be used.
o Community managers vary from architects, but they can also be the same person.

Example :
If a company has a product that requires a lot of technical know-how, it may create a designated location for users
to communicate with each other, which would have the company acting as the community architect. However, if
users do not like how the designated community is set up (perhaps due to paying a fee, tools being utilized, etc.),
they may create their community, and the members would likely act as the architects. In the latter situation, the
company would be wise to monitor and have some presence in the community drive community, but not attempt
to impose any rules of their own.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Online Community Manager

The person or group of people who manage their

specific online community

o This role can do anything from enforcing rules, encouraging social norms, assisting new members, spreading the
word about the community, and quite a few other attributes.
o Because each community is different, the role each community manager plays will differ

Example:
You may have a professional network and want to ensure users keep discussions related to your topic. Ideally, a
community manager would keep things in order and act as a role model for other members.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Paid Member

These members are paid to contribute comments to the community so

that there appears to be activity throughout it.

Often this is based upon the idea that if outside members see an active
community, they may be more motivated to participate.

o In some cases, paid members can also come from external communities and spread links or content from their
own to draw new members back to their network.

Example:
If a well-known community member (based upon their name or handle) speaks highly of a product and receives
money or something in return, this would label them as a paid user. Occasionally community terms of service (TOS)
and policies forbid this type of activity, especially without being transparent about the situation.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Contributor

Contributors fall between free and paid members as content varies

between communities.

o Most communities that accept exclusive content that relates to their audiences will offer some financial backing.
However, a community that allows users to post their content in an aggregator format will often not pay them as
the content can be published in several different locations (usually to reach many audiences instead of one).

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Power User

Power users are a community manager's best friend.

These are the people who push for new discussions, shout on rooftops about how
much they enjoy the community, provide feedback to community managers,
and often act as mini-community managers themselves.

These users make up only one percent of your overall users.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Free Member

Free members appear to do a majority of the grunt work for online

communities, but that is only partially correct now that social media is being used
throughout the world.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Active Lurker

Of the members in your community, active lurkers will make up a vast

portion of them.

Active lurkers consume community content and also share the content with their
networks and external communities.

Active lurkers can be detrimental to your community, and it's essential to pay
attention to their needs through external monitoring and studying onsite traffic.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
 Passive Lurker

These are members who return to a community to consume the

content, discussions, and advice but do not contribute or share any of it.

Source : https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community
Classification of Social Media according
to purpose and function
 Classification of Social Media

Social Networking
o using websites and applications to communicate informally with others, find people, and share similar interests

o allows users to connect through groups, networks, and locations directly.

o Examples: Facebook and LinkedIn

Source : https://delvalle.bphc.org/mod/wiki/view.php?pageid=65
 Classification of Social Media

Micro-blogging
o posting of concise entries or updates on a social networking site

o allows users to subscribe to other users' content, send direct messages, and reply publicly.

o allows users to create and share hashtags to share content about related subjects.

o Examples: Twitter and Tumblr

Source : https://delvalle.bphc.org/mod/wiki/view.php?pageid=65
 Classification of Social Media

Blogging
o recording opinions, stories, articles, and links to other websites on a personal website.

o Examples: WordPress and Blogger

Photo Sharing
o publishing a user's digital photos, enabling the user to share pictures with others either publicly or privately.

o Examples: Instagram, Flickr, Snapchat and Pinterest

Source : https://delvalle.bphc.org/mod/wiki/view.php?pageid=65
 Classification of Social Media

Video Sharing
o publishing a user’s videos, enabling the user to share videos with others either publicly or privately.

o allows users to embed media in a blog or Facebook post, or link media to a tweet

o Examples: YouTube, Vimeo, and Periscope

Crowdsourcing
o obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, particularly
those from the online community

o Examples: Ushahidi, Inc., Innocentive, Openideo, Amazon, Mechanical Turk, Upwork, Designs, Cad Crowd.

Source : https://delvalle.bphc.org/mod/wiki/view.php?pageid=65
 Classification of Social Media

Tools for Managing Multiple Social Media

Platform
o an aggregator is a tool that can be used to "aggregate social media site feeds in one spot, allowing users to
search by keywords."

o Examples: Hootsuite

o Hootsuite supports social network integrations for Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, WordPress, and more.

o It has a browser-based interface that allows social media profiles to be viewed in tabs, rather than all in one
window.

o It can filter messages, schedule posts, and manage messages through multiple platforms, as well as provide
custom analytics.

Source : https://delvalle.bphc.org/mod/wiki/view.php?pageid=65
 Social Media Management

The 8 Best Social o Best Overall: Sprout Social

Media Management o Best for Analytics: Hootsuite

Software of 2021 o Best All-in-One Tool: Zoho

o Best for Automation: MeetEdgar

o Best for Large Team Collaboration: Loomly

o Best Integration: Sendible

o Best Budget Option: Buffer

o Best for Small Teams: SocialPilot

https://www.investopedia.com/best-social-media-management-software-5087716
Questions?
3.2 Graded Discussion
(Take-home Activity)
Saturday (2 Apr):
Prelim Long Quiz
 Topic 3.2: Summary

 In this lesson, we learned that an online community, also called an internet

community or web community, is a virtual community whose members
interact with each other primarily via the internet.

 An online community can act as an information system where members can

post, comment on discussions, give advice, or collaborate.

 The online community is a group of people with a shared interest or purpose

who use the internet to communicate with each other.

 Some basic terminologies related to the online community are a virtual

community, social media, chatroom, internet forum, or message board,
weblog, and the virtual world. There are two categories of online community:
the public social networks and the private online communities.

GEE 002B – IE21S1 LIVING IN THE IT ERA

 Topic 3.2: Summary

 The online community has some benefits like the following : instead of
having a face-to-face discussion, you post messages to one another; instead
of picking a time and place to meet, the community is always-on; instead of
depending on a physical location or resource to keep track of community
events and activities, a web site can do it for you.

 Lastly, we learned that social media has classification according to purpose

and function, namely: social networking, micro-blogging, blogging, photo
sharing, video sharing, and crowdsourcing.

GEE 002B – IE21S1 LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Thank You!
 References

1. What is online community? (2020) Retrieved from | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community

2. What is online community? (2020) Retrieved from | https://www.commoncraft.com/archives/000208.html

3. What is online community? (2020) Retrieved from | https://blog.higherlogic.com/what-is-an-online-community

4. Categories of online community. (2020) Retrieved from | https://blog.higherlogic.com/what-is-an-online-

community

5. Benefits of online community. (2020) Retrieved from | https://www.commoncraft.com/archives/000208.html

6. Who are the members of the online community? (2020) Retrieved from
https://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/what-online-community

7. Classification of Social media according to purpose and function. (2020) Retrieved from
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GEE 002B – IE21S1 LIVING IN THE IT ERA