REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

MECHANICAL & AUTOMATION ENGINEERING

By:
Name Roll number Section Phone no.

Syed Aarib Hasan 45615603617 F8 7011281207

Jawwad Zaidi 50115603617 F8 8851399350

Ishu Jain 41815603617 F8 9953830717
Aakash Bhardawaj 43915603617 F8 7011108708
F7 9958673708
Hardik Sharma 01815603617
Guided by
Name of the mentor- Mr. Yashpal
 ABSTRACT

As in today’s world, where there are energy crises and the resources are depleting at a
higher rate, there is a need of specific technology that recovers the energy, which gets
usually wasted. So, in case of automobiles one of these useful technology is the
regenerative braking system. Generally in automobiles whenever the brakes are applied
the vehicle comes to a halt and the kinetic energy gets wasted due to friction in the form
of kinetic energy. Using regenerative braking system in automobiles enables us to
recover the kinetic energy of the vehicle to some extent that is lost during the braking
process. In this paper the author discusses two methods of utilising the kinetic energy
that is usually wasted by converting it into either electrical energy or into mechanical
energy. Regenerative braking system can convert the kinetic energy into electrical
energy with help of electric motor. And it can also convert the kinetic energy into
mechanical energy, which is supplied to the vehicle whenever it is needed, with the help
of a flywheel.

INTRODUCTION

Brake: A Brake is a kind of machine element and its main objective is to absorb energy
during deceleration. In every Vehicle, the main use of the brakes is to absorb kinetic
energy. By connecting the moving member to stationary frame, when the brakes are
applied, they convert kinetic energy to heat energy.

Regenerative Braking System:The main function of the Regenerative Braking System

is to slow down the vehicle by the application of motors as brakes. Instead of wasting this
excessive energy which had resulted due to application of the sudden brakes, as
unwanted heat, the motors act as generators and return some of the heat to charge
batteries and various other uses.
Regenerative Braking System comes into its own when you are driving in a city where
there are multiple traffic jams and spending most of your time braking.

DEFINITION:Braking method in which the mechanical energy from the load is converted
into electric energy and regenerated back into the line is known as Regenerative Braking.
The Motor operates as generator.

NECESSITY OF THE SYSTEM

The regenerative braking system has many significant advantages over a car which has
only friction brakes. In low speed, stop and go traffic, where brakes have to be used
frequently, the regenerative braking system can provide the majority of the total braking
force. As a result, this vastly improves the fuel economy with a vehicle and using
regenerative braking in city traffic, further enhances the attractiveness of vehicles. In the
recent times, at higher speeds, the contribution of this braking system has shown an
improved fuel economy- by as much as 20%.

BASIC IDEA OF REGENERATIVE BRAKES

Concept of this regenerative brake is better understood from a bicycle fitted with Dynamo.
If any bicycle has a Dynamo(a small electric generator) on it to turn the lights on(powering
it), it’s harder to peddle when the dynamo is busy than when its Switched off. It is
happening because some of the peddling energy is being “stolen” by the Dynamo and
this mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy in the lights. If we’re going
along at a normal speed and we suddenly apply brakes and turn on this dynamo, it’ll bring
us to a stop more quickly than we would normally, due to this: the kinetic energy is being
stolen.

Now imagine a bicycle that has been fitted with a dynamo that’s 100 times bigger and
more powerful than the normal one. In terms of the theory part, it could bring the bicycle
to a halt relatively quickly by utilizing kinetic energy and converting it into electricity, which
could store to recharge batteries and use again this energy later on for various purposes.

ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM

Energy storage unit is the major element of Regenerative braking system.It has two
primary functions to perform - To recover and store braking energy secondly to absorb
excess energy during light load operation.

The energy recaptured by braking has to be stored in one of the three devices:

• Batteries
• Flywheel
• Regenerative fuel cell

BATTERIES and ULTRACAPACITORS

In Regenerative braking system, the motor is pressed

against the moving part which in turn rotates motor and
motor acts as a generator. So this system recaptures the
energy which usually gets lost in traditional system and
uses it to recharge car batteries or ultra capacitors.
Although car’s braking system cannot rely on this system
alone so traditional car braking system is also used in
combination. Whenever the regenerative braking torque is insufficient to offer the same
deceleration rate as available in conventional vehicles, the hydraulic braking torque is
applied.

Thus, not all of the kinetic energy of the car can be harnessed for the batteries because
some of it is lost in heat. Some energy is also lost to resistance as the energy travels from
the wheel and axle, through the drive train and electric motor, and into the battery.
FLYWHEEL

Flywheel technology is used in modern vehicles using regenerative braking in which

translational energy of the vehicle is transferred into rotational energy in the flywheel,
which stores the energy until it is needed to accelerate the vehicle. Advantage of flywheel
technology is that the additional power supplied by the flywheel during acceleration.
Another advantage of flywheel technology is that more of the forward inertial energy of
the car can be captured in flywheel than in batteries because flywheel can be engaged
even when short intervals of braking and acceleration are there.

UNITIZED REGENERATIVE FUEL CELL (URFC)

Electricity which is recaptured using regenerative braking system is used in URFC to

replenish oxygen so that additional power from URFC can be used when vehicle is
accelerating or it can be used to increase vehicle’s range by 10% and could

MAIN COMPONENTS OF THIS SYSTEM

• Motor/generator unit- during acceleration it takes power from batteries to provide

extra driving force to move the car which results in high efficiency of the system.
• Batteries- during braking, electric supply from batteries is cut off as car moves
forward now motor/generator unit acts as a electric generator. This generated
electricity is stored in batteries for future use.
• Engine- engine cycles helps motor/generator unit to generate electricity while the
car is still in motion and decelerating. The kinetic energy of car is thus converted
into electrical energy hence adding to the overall efficiency of the system.
 APPLICATIONS

Use of regenerative braking system is not limited to only to private vehicles but has a vast
application in the automotive sector. Increase in use of fuel consumption globally is a
major threat to our resources so what we need is to curb the use of fuel by taking whatever
measure we can. Heavy commercial vehicles like trucks and buses can be equipped with
regenerative braking system technology this will not only need to more efficiency of the
vehicle but will eventually help in preventing wastage of energy.

• Trains &Buses- If such system is used in trains and buses then if we look at
overall benefits from this system are precious. Hybrid trains in Japan have already
started to use this tech more over electric trains and buses use this tech to
recapture the energy.

• Electric bicycle- regenerative braking increases the range of a vehicle so for

vehicles like cycle where battery size has to be small energy has to be captured
from whatever source we can so regenerative braking is the best option.
• Electric cars- while the world is moving towards less pollution emitting vehicles
or no pollution emitting vehicles regenerating braking system find its application in
the vehicle which has highest population on roads ‘cars’. With less number of
power stations available and more time required to charge the battery increasing
the range of vehicles is the most challenging issue for an electric car maker so the
use of such technology only it is possible to think of recapturing energy.

CONCLUSION

Regenerative breaking system is a step towards efficient and responsible use of our
resources and energy. Use of this technology could bring a major difference in global
consumption of fuel and energy. Recapturing of lost energy not only provides us with
more power when in need but also helps in increasing the range of our vehicles. We
live in a world where we look at every aspect of a vehicle before making a decision of
buying it and in the automobile sector economy or mileage is a deciding factor for
purchase of any vehicle. Regenerative breaking system adds up in the mileage of a
vehicle. Moreover new pollution norms given by government regenerative braking
system helps in reducing the consumption of fuel.