International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

ISSN : 2456-3307 (www.ijsrcseit.com)

doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT217336
Sense Cap Using Internet of Things (IoT)
Dattha Prasad1, Mohan K2, Harinandan3
Department of Computer Science, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

Article Info The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most prominent technologies, which
Volume 7, Issue 3 primarily deals with inter-connecting, controlling and managing digital and
Page Number : 209-214 electronic devices that are connected to the internet through an IP address. The
evolution of high speed network technologies like Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Publication Issue : and upcoming 5G network technology had already led the path to simulate the
May-June-2021 whole electronic and digital services and applications at the finger tips.
However, the physically challenged people especially the visually challenged
Article History people could not utilize the whole of technologies and yet this makes them feel
Accepted : 10 May 2021 more distressed about themselves. Braille is vital for communication and
Published : 17 May 2021 education purposes for the visually challenged persons. The solution for this
problem is to handle the distance between the obstacle and the person. The aim
of this project is to develop a smart cap, which has the distance measurement
system. Device that will be useful who are visually impaired. This device
primarily allows its user to scan their surroundings for obstacles. The device
which has sensors (Lidar) for detecting the obstacles. It is connected to the smart
phone via Bluetooth or any other means. It will notify and guide the user if
there is any obstacles stairs or potholes around. It is based on ToF (Time of
Flight) principle and integrated with unique optical and electrical designs, so as
to achieve stable, precise, high sensitivity and high-speed distance detection.
Features: Operating Range: 0.3-12m maximum operating range at 10%
reflectivity. "Share live location" feature allows the user's can share their live
location to their personal contacts.
Keywords : React Native, NodeMCU, Firebase

I. INTRODUCTION the blind people to get known about the hurdles,

obstacles and holes or any moving objects beside
We being normal people can see and judge all the them. It will be very beneficial for them as it will
aspects of the environment it could be hurdle, alert them for each and every aspect which they are
obstacles, hole or pit. This is not possible in case of going to face in their day to day life with the help of
physically disabled people but they are given god buzzer or voice Assistant. Our system will also track
gifted some great sensing ability. So for this we are the live location of blind person. Our main
creating a new IoT based Sense Cap, which will help motivations are they blind who need to suffer a lot

Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Technoscience Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the 209
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
 Dattha Prasad et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol, May-June - 2021, 7 (3) : 209-214

while travelling from place to place. We noticed that object and received by receiver led. IR sensor might
normal blind canes used by blinds have certain malfunction during the daylight because of bright day
limitations like detecting potholes, stairs, distant light from sun might make the IR receiver to unable
objects, above knee obstacles, etc. We feel very bad to detect bounced back IR rays. Since this stick uses
about the blind and disabled people so we came up sonar results won’t be much accurate, to overcome
with the idea of developing a economical sensor that our project will be using Lidar. Design and
equipped cap capable of assisting blind to navigate Implement Smart Blind Stick [3], This project is done
easily. using radio frequency waves wherever there's a radio
frequency receiver circuit on the stick and a separate
II. Literature Survey
radio frequency transmitter circuit that triggers an
alarm on pressing a pushbutton. A traditional walking
An Intelligent Walking Stick for the Visually
cane forms the main frame of the device Furthermore
Impaired People [1], Blind stick or white cane is
it has water sensors to detect water within the path of
introduced to blind people after the First World War
the user. The proposed system has been divided into
as a mobility tool to detect the obstacles in the path of
two parts. The first part was about designing the
the user. This paper proposes an Arduino Nano based
smart stick using software that allows the user to
obstacle finding stick for visually impaired people,
design product in 2 and 3 dimensions in simple and
which helps a blind person by detecting the obstacles
almost cost-free methods. The electronic system has
using Ultrasonic sensors and android mobile
been controlled using Arduino UNO when the signal
application. As they didn’t give any pictorial view of
impacts the level surface it reflects back to the
the stick, so according to device description it seems
sensor`s receiver. Therefore, the Arduino will send a
to be pretty heavy. Besides that, there was no
pulse to the actuators (in this case, the vibrating
information about how long the buzzer & vibrator
motor and the buzzer) to work as the uploaded code.
would be in ON condition. This project is all about a
Radio frequency waves might not give accurate
simple hat which can sense the obstacles, potholes etc.
results, so in our project that is replaced by Lidar
So the main idea is developing a simple circuit using
sensor. Effective Fast Response Smart Stick For Blind
NodeMCU and sensors and attaching it to the hat. So
People [4], In this smart stick is mounted with
the sensor (Lidar) is responsible for detecting the
infrared sensor to detect stair-cases and pair of
obstacles. If obstacles are detected then the vibrator
ultrasonic sensor to detect any other obstacles in
will alert the blind person by vibrating. Using
front of the user, within a range of four meters.
NodeMCU location of the blind person will upload to
Moreover, another sensor is placed at the bottom of
the cloud for every time interval. An Electronic
the stick for the sake of avoiding puddles. Speech
Walking Stick For Blinds [2], A blind user walking
warning messages and the vibration motor are
with an electronic stick. Two ultrasonic sensors are
activated when any obstacle is detected. This
mounted on the stick having range from 20-350cms
proposed system uses the microcontroller 18F46K80
(set to different ranges). Two Infrared sensors are also
embedded system. The stick is capable of detecting all
implemented on the lower side of stick for avoiding
obstacles in the range 4 meter during 39 ms and gives
small obstacles ranging from 2- 10cms. An IR sensor
a suitable respect message empowering blind to move
is an electronic device that emits and/or detects
twice his normal speed because she/he feels safe. The
infrared radiations in order to sense some aspect of its
smart stick is of low cost, fast response, low power
surroundings. When an object is close to the sensor,
consumption, but sensors that used in this will not
the light from the IR transmitter led bounces off the

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 Dattha Prasad et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol, May-June - 2021, 7 (3) : 209-214

detect obstacles like traffic poles, gates etc, to B. Lidar

overcome that our project will be using sensors that is
capable of detecting obstacles that are thin in shape.
Smart Blind Stick Using SONAR [5], This project uses
SONAR to determine the distance of an object just
like the bats do. The stick has a buzzer which beeps
and alerts the user when obstacles are detected. And
it also contains a Panic Button which can share the Fig 2 : Lidar
alert message to the loved ones with the person’s Lidar technology is similar to radar and sonar
location. It is effective and affordable. It leads to good technology which used radio and sound waves.
results in detecting the obstacles lying ahead of the However, Lidar technology is more precise compared
user in a range of 50 cm but not more than that, and to them as they are only able to plot the location of
feedback given to the user is audio which might be an object from a distance while Lidar is able to
annoying in a long run. To avoid that our project uses generate precise digital 3D representations. This
vibration module for the feedback which is silent. makes them suitable for up close and personal
This project is all about a simple hat which can sense dynamics in various applications like autonomous
the obstacles, potholes around the user who is vehicles.
wearing it. One of the advantage is it has vibration
C. Vibrator Module
module instead of speaker. Because as mentioned
earlier speaker might be annoying in the long run.

III. System Requirement

A. NodeMCU

Fig 3 : Vibrator Module

Vibration sensor module is good at detecting the

small vibrations in the environment. It is widely used
in vibration detection products such as car alarm
system, motorcycle alarm, theft alarm, etc. This
module uses HT45F56 MCU to detect the small
Fig 1 : NodeMCU
output signal from the magnetic type vibration sensor.
The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes
with the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip D. Ultrasonic Sensor
having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC
microprocessor. This microprocessor supports RTOS
and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock
frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of
Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high
processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and
Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT
projects.
Fig 4 : Ultrasonic Sensor

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 Dattha Prasad et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol, May-June - 2021, 7 (3) : 209-214

Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are shape of the push button may conform to fingers or
devices that generate or sense ultrasound energy. hands for easy use, or they may simply be flat. It all
They can be divided into three broad categories: depends on the individual design. The push button
transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters can be normally open or normally closed.
convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers
G. React Native Software Application
convert ultrasound into electrical signals, and
transceivers can both transmit and receive ultrasound. Expo is a framework and a platform for universal
React applications. It is a set of tools and services
E. GSM Module
built around React Native and native platforms that
help you develop, build, deploy, and quickly iterate
on iOS, Android, and web apps from the same
JavaScript codebase.

H. Firebase Cloud Application

Google Firebase is a Google-backed application

development software that enables developers to
develop iOS, Android and Web apps. Firebase
provides tools for tracking analytics, reporting and
Fig 5 : GSM Module fixing app crashes, creating marketing and product
experiment.
A GSM modem or GSM module is a hardware device
that uses GSM mobile telephone technology to
IV. System Implementation
provide a data link to a remote network. From the
view of the mobile phone network, they are
essentially identical to an ordinary mobile phone,
including the need for a SIM to identify themselves
to the network.

F. Push Button

Fig 7 : Block Diagram

5v chargeable battery is connected to NodeMCU
(ESP8266), then remaining battery percentage is
calculated and uploaded to the cloud. This module is
attached to the cap, then sonar is attached to the left
and right side of the cap for obstacle detection of
Fig 6 : Push Button smaller size. Also 4 vibrator modules are fixed to cap
at each side. Similarly 2 Lidar sensors are attached
A push button is a simple type of switch that controls
front and back side of cap for detect obstacles in 360
an action in a machine or some type of process. Most
degree. Along with this mobile application
of the time, the buttons are plastic or metal. The

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 Dattha Prasad et al Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol, May-June - 2021, 7 (3) : 209-214

development for fetching data from firebase cloud is [2]. R. R. A. Bourne et al., "Magnitude, temporal
developed. This is for guardian of blind person. One trends, and projections of the global prevalence
emergency button is connected to the cap. Alert of blindness and distance and near vision
message sent to the guardian while pressing the impairment: a systematic review and meta-
button. Using GSM module current location of the analysis," The Lancet Global Health, vol. 5, no.
blind person will be uploaded to the cloud. Guardian 9, pp. e888-e897, 2017/09/01/ 2017.
can access the location through mobile application. [3]. M. M. Apple, "Kinesic training for blind
persons: A vital means of communication,"
V. RESULT Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, vol.
66, no. 7, pp. 201-208, 1972.
[4]. G. Everhart, M. Luzader, and S. Tullos,
"Assertive skills training for the blind," Journal
of Visual Impairment & Blindness, vol. 74, no.
2, pp. 62-65, 1980.
[5]. J. E. Fields, "Sensory training for blind
persons," Journal of Visual Impairment &
Blindness, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 2-9, 1964.
Fig 8 : Sense Cap [6]. M. G. Greenbaum, S. Fernandes, and S. F.
Wainapel, "Use of a motorized wheelchair in
Above figure shows the outcome of the sense cap conjunction with a guide dog for the legally
project. Lidar and ultrasonic sensor will detect the blind and physically disabled," Archives of
obstacles and potholes. For every object detection physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 79,
vibrator will run. Out of 4 vibrators one vibrator will no. 2, pp. 216-217, 1998.
vibrate, which is in the direction in which obstacle is [7]. S. Naderi, Á. Miklósi, A. Dóka, and V. Csányi,
detected. Like this, cap will ensure the good way for "Co-operative interactions between blind
blind person. Along with this guardian can monitor persons and their dogs," Applied Animal
the blind person by accessing his GPS location Behaviour Science, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 59-80,
through mobile application. Also, guardian can 2001.
monitor battery capacity of the cap for charging [8]. H. Robson, "Dog guide and blind person: The
purpose. Cap has Emergency button, which can used matching process," Journal of Visual
by blind person in the emergency situation. While Impairment & Blindness, vol. 79, no. 8, pp.
this moment alert message will be sent to the 356-356, 1985.
guardian. [9]. L. Zeng, M. Simros, and G. Weber, "Camera-
based mobile electronic travel aids support for
VI. REFERENCES cognitive mapping of unknown spaces," in
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Available: https://www.who.int/news- with Mobile Devices and Services, 2017, pp. 1-
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D. Karunathilaka, "Electronic travel aid system

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for visually impaired people," in 2017 5th

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[11]. S. Obermoser, D. Klammer, G. Sigmund, A.
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Cite this article as :

Dattha Prasad, Mohan K, Harinandan, "Sense Cap

Using Internet of Things ", International Journal of
Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering
and Information Technology (IJSRCSEIT), ISSN :
2456-3307, Volume 7 Issue 3, pp. 209-214, May-June
2021. Available at
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT217336
Journal URL : https://ijsrcseit.com/CSEIT217336

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