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213 views25 pagesS1EX-Mathematics-Mathematics Tutor 1B - Number Patterns
Uploaded by
Aqil SubendiCopyright
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Number Patterns
Number Sequences
1. A number sequence is an ordered list of numbers which follow a particular rule.
2. Bach number in the sequence is called a term. An example of a number sequence is
shown below.
7,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, ...
First term = 7, Second term = 9, Third term = 11
3. Most number sequences involve adding/subtracting or multiplying/dividing in the
rule for finding one term from the one before it. Onee we find the rule, we can use
it to find the subsequent terms.
(S> WORKED EXAMPLE 1:
‘Write down the next two terms in each of the following number sequences.
(a) 2,5,8, 11,1. (b) 3,6, 12, 24, ...
(c) 729, 243, 81, 27, ... @) 1,4,9, 16, 25, ...
(©) 0,1, 3,6, 10,. 139, 15, Sipe
(g) 1,4, 13, 40, 121, ...
SOLUTION:
@ 2% 5, Be Ty, ao A
The next two terms are 14 and 17.
Chapter 11: Number Patterns )
(c) 729, 243, #81, 27, 9 ime
GUY Un
+ a 33 8
3
‘The next two terms are 9 and 3.
‘The next two terms are 36 and 49.
© 0% 1 3, 6 10, 18, 21, ...
7S Ns SAS AS
41424846
‘The next two terms are 15 and 21.
oY 3, * 13, Ri ey bs reg
SS
42 +8 +16 432 +64
(d) 1,4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49,
Ge, 24, 3S, TS,
‘The next two terms are 63 and 127.
@® , 4 13, 40, 121, 364,
NAN ANAS ARS
XS+1 GH] HL GFI G41 41
‘The next two terms are 364 and 1093.
Mathematics Tutor 1B re General Term in a Number Sequence
1. We can use the method of finding subsequent terms of a sequence to find the 50th
term or the 100th term, but it would be too tedious and time consuming.
2. Another faster method is to find the general term or the ath term fir:
3. The general term or nth term of a sequence is an algebraic expression that allows us
to find the value of any term in a sequence, e.g. the 100th term or the 299th term.
(> WORKED EXAMPLE 1:
Write down for each of the following number sequences
(i) a formula for the nth term,
(ii) the 50th term,
9,9; 1113, Gy17, wo (b) 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
(c) 4,9, 16,°25, 36, 49, ...
SOLUTION:
@ i) 7,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, ...
First term (m = 1): T=7 =7+2(0)
Second term (n= 2): 9= 742 =7+21)
‘Third term (x
Fourth term (n
W=7+2+2 =742(2)
4: 13=74+24+24+2=7+2(3)
nth term= 7 + 2(n — 1)
=7+2n-2
=2n+5
(ii) 2(50) + 5 fo /ifinal
100 +5 substi
105
() 4,8, 12, 16, 20, ...
nth term = 4n
(ii) 50th term = 4(50)
= 200 ©
(i) 4,9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ...
(=> _ WORKED EXAMPLE 2:
(a) The general term of a sequence is T, = 2n* — 3n + 5. Find the Ist term and the 99th
term.
(b) The general term of another sequence is 8” ~ 3. Which term in the sequence is 541?
SOLUTION:
(a) 7, =2n'-3n45
T, =2(1)"-3() +5
Toy = 2(99)° — 3(99) + 5
19 310
(b) 8n-
8n
‘The 68th term in the sequence is 541.
(> WORKED EXAMPLE 3:
The diagram shows the first four of a sequence of figures formed by using matchsticks.
(a)
(b)
(©)
Draw the next figure in the sequence,
Find an expression in terms of n, for the number of matchsticks used to form Figure
n.
Hence, find
(the number of matchsticks used to form Figure 80,
Gi) the figure that uses 199 matchsticks.
AA? LA LY
Figure | Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Mathematics Tutor 1B SOLUTION:
(a)
(b)
(©
BELA
3 =3+2(0)
342 3 +2)
34242 3 +22)
9=3424+24+2 =3+2@)
ae SS
Numbers of matchsticks used to form Figure n
3+2(n-1)
3+2n-2
=2nt+1
(i) Number of matchsticks used to form Figu:
= (80) +1
= 160+1
= 161
(ii) 2n+1 = 199
2n = 198
198,
2
=99
n=
Figure 99 uses 199 matchsticks.
(=> WORKED EXAMPLE 4:
A banquet room has tables which can each sit 6 people. When put together, the tables can
the number of people as shown.
Diagram 3
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
(a) Draw a diagram to show the seats for 4 tables placed together this way. Hence, find
the number of people that can be seated at 4 tables.
(b) How many people can be seated at n tables placed together in this way? Write a
formula connecting p, the number of people that can be seated and n, the number of
tables.
(©) How many people can be seated at 32 tables placed together in this way?
@
Mrs Lee wants to seat a group of 50 children this way. How many tables does she
need? SOLUTION:
(a)
18 people can be seated at 4 tables placed together this way.
(b)
6 +400)
=6+4(1)
6 + 4(2)
(c) p=4n42
When n = 32,
p =4G2) +2
130
130 people can be seated at 32 tables placed together this way.
@ p=4n42
‘When p = 50,
50=4n+2
48
=12
She needs 12 tables.
Problem Solving Strategies
1. The four-step process of problem solving are listed below.
Understand the problem
Devise a plan.
Carry out the plan,
@ Looking back
Step 1: Understand the problem
* What are the unknowns?
+ What information is given? Step (2): Devise a plan
Choose a strategy to solve the problem, Some strategies for problem solving are given
below.
+ Simplify the problem.
+ Draw a picture/diagram.
* Use a model.
* Look for a pattern,
* Construct a table.
+ Make an organised list.
+ Write an equation.
+ Guess and check
* Use a related problem.
* Eliminate the unlikely outcomes.
+ Solve a simpler problem/part of the problem.
+ Make a supposition,
+ Doa simulation.
Step (3): Carry out the plan
Use the strategy selected in Step 2 to solve the problem. If you are unsuccessful, modify or
change the strategy.
Step (4) : Looking back
* Check that your solution satisfy the original problem.
* Can the solution be extended to a more general case?
WORKED EXAMPLE 1:
Find the value of
(a) 142434... +4100,
(b) 30+ 31+4+32+... +50,
(©) 346494124... 490,
(@) 1-243-4+5-64
SOLUTION:
Step 1 ‘The problem is to find 1+ 2+3+... + 100.
Understand
the problem. Step 2 Strategy used: Look for a pattern.
Devise a
plan. 142434..4504 514... +98 +99 + 100
j
| 50451 = 101
3498 = 101
©2499 = 101
1+ 100=101
‘There are 50 pairs of numbers, each with a sum of 101.
Sep 3], Required sum = 50 x 101
Carry out 5050
the plan.
