RSW Arc 152

Arc 152
Definition of Architecture and Architectural Design
Architecture is the design and construction of structures, particularly functional ones. It is
the art or science of building. The garden's architecture also refers to the development or
construction that comes from, or appears to come from, a purposeful act. In conclusion,
design and architecture are in a deep crisis. They are in danger of becoming accomplices
of fashion, and they are no longer derived from argument and reasoning, such as science
and technique, but from the whimsy and aesthetics that every art reveals itself and
nullifies another.
Process of Architectural Drawing
Schematic Design (SD)
Schematic Design is the first phase of design. It will account for approximately 15% of
the architect’s work, and therefore the fees on the entire project as well. Of course, the
percentages can fluctuate. In schematic design the architect and the owner discuss the
project and any requirements provided by the owner. The architect does precedent
research and analysis of the property. The analysis will include zoning and building code
issues that may affect the development, as well as site analysis. Programming is part of
schematic design. This is when the client provides the architect with a list of what spaces
are going into the building. The architect establishes the size, location, and relationships
between all the spaces.
Design Development Phase (DD)
The Design Development Phase is going to be approximately 20% of the architects work
and fees. In Design Development the architect and owner will work together to select
materials including interior finishes and products such as windows. doors, fixtures,
appliances, etc… The architect will revise the drawings with more specificity and detail
than in Schematic Design. Engineering will commence on the structure, plumbing,
electrical, heating/ventilation systems, energy analysis and any other project specific
systems. At the end of design development, a good deal of product selection and systems
design should be progressing. This phase concludes when the interior and exterior design
of the building is locked in by the owner and architect. Below is a 3D rendering of a
house at completion of design development. The following image is a diagram of the
house showing some of the systems and materials in place.
Construction Documents (CD)
The Construction Documents Phase is the largest of all the phases for the architect and
will be about 40% of the architects work and fees. Although the percentage may vary a
little from project to project or with Different Architecture Firms. In the construction
document phase the architect and engineers finalize all the technical design and
engineering including structural engineering and detailing, heating air conditioning and
ventilation systems, plumbing, electrical, gas, energy calculations, and all products and
materials are selected and scheduled.
Bidding
Bidding should be self explanatory. At this time the owner prepares to select the
contractor for the job and sign contracts to proceed with construction. This will typically
take up 5% of the architects time and fees. Multiple contractors submit bids on the job or
the client can directly hire a contractor without getting competitive bids The architect’s
role here will be to assist the client. We will answer contractor’s questions, provide any
additional documentation if requested by the contractor. This phase can be started at the
beginning of the project. You do not need to wait until all of the construction documents
are completed but the price will be more accurate if you do.
Construction Administration (CA)
The Construction Administration phase of architectural services is the final phase. CA
and accounts for at most 20% of the architects time and fees on a project in most cases.
While this phase is the longest, it does not usually comprise the majority of the architects
work. On typical projects the architect does NOT supervise construction. The architect
will periodically visit the job site to see progress and ensure the contractor is following
the plans. If needed the architect can review contractor’s monthly invoices to confirm
work completion. The architect will be available to answer questions and provide
additional information to issues that arise. During this phase it is not uncommon that
some additional services for the architect arise due to change orders.
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4. Different Type of Architectural Drawings
Site Plan Drawings
An Architectural Site Plan is an aerial view of the construction site that includes the
primary building and its adjoining constructions.
Floor Plan Drawings
These are in-depth versions of the room layout. Architectural Floor plans are made
irrespective of the fact that they are to be utilized during the construction of a home,
shop, or commercial project.
Cross Section Drawings
Architectural Cross-sections drawings allow the architect to look at the different
components of a building vertically. This 2-dimensional imagery is helpful to provide an
overview of both the visible and hidden components of a building.
Elevation Drawings
Elevations drawings help an architect understand the facing of the building. It is useful to
know about the direction of the sun and the wind corresponding to the building.
Landscape Drawing
The landscape drawing is the aerial of the whole area in which the building is built. It
includes the areas designated for trees, street lights, parks, pools, and everything else.
As-built
An as-built drawing is an illustration that compares the current appearance or state of a
new building to its original plans or blueprints.
Excavation Drawings
Excavation drawings are needed to know the length, depth, and width of the building
excavation. It talks about the extent of excavation, removal of soil, and the process of
excavation.

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Arc 152

Definition of Architecture and Architectural Design

Architecture is the design and construction of structures, particularly functional ones. It is

Process of Architectural Drawing

Schematic Design (SD)

between all the spaces.

Design Development Phase (DD)

than in Schematic Design. Engineering will commence on the structure, plumbing,

of the building is locked in by the owner and architect. Below is a 3D rendering of a

house at completion of design development. The following image is a diagram of the

house showing some of the systems and materials in place.

Construction Documents (CD)

materials are selected and scheduled.

Construction Administration (CA)

The Construction Administration phase of architectural services is the final phase. CA

4. Different Type of Architectural Drawings

Site Plan Drawings

primary building and its adjoining constructions.

Floor Plan Drawings

shop, or commercial project.

Cross Section Drawings

Architectural Cross-sections drawings allow the architect to look at the different

components of a building vertically. This 2-dimensional imagery is helpful to provide an

overview of both the visible and hidden components of a building.

An as-built drawing is an illustration that compares the current appearance or state of a

new building to its original plans or blueprints.

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