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Experiment 2 Lab Report Guidance

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using free fall and projectile motion. 2) The experiment involves measuring the time and height of falling objects and the horizontal range of projectiles. 3) The results found g to be (9.647 ± 0.091) m s-2 from free fall and (9.630 ± 0.484) m s-2 from projectile motion, within 2% of the accepted value.

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Fatin Farwizah
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196 views5 pages

Experiment 2 Lab Report Guidance

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using free fall and projectile motion. 2) The experiment involves measuring the time and height of falling objects and the horizontal range of projectiles. 3) The results found g to be (9.647 ± 0.091) m s-2 from free fall and (9.630 ± 0.484) m s-2 from projectile motion, within 2% of the accepted value.

Uploaded by

Fatin Farwizah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title Free Fall & Projectile Motion

Objective(s) To determine the acceleration due to gravity, using


i) Free fall motion
ii) Projectile motion
Theory Refer to Lab Manual
Procedure(s) Refer to Lab Manual
Apparatus
Apparatus Range Sensitivity
A retort stand with - -
clamp
A timer 0.000000 – 99.999999 0.000001 s
A metre rule 0.0 – 100.0 cm 0.1 s
A free fall adaptor - -
A horizontal table - -
A steel ball - -
(diameter of 1.0 cm)
A curved railing
(Important: The lower end of the track must be horizontal.)
A piece of carbon paper, a piece of drawing paper, cellophane tape,
plasticine, a pair of scissors or a cutter, a piece of string, a pendulum
bob, a plywood.

Data Data (Free fall motion)


Tabulation No Height, h Time, t (± 0.000001 s) t2
(± 0.1 cm) t1 t2 t3 tav (s2)
1 10.0 0.144834 0.142805 0.143094 0.143578 0.020614
2 15.0 0.173024 0.175774 0.175169 0.174656 0.030505
3 20.0 0.205041 0.205041 0.205730 0.205270 0.042136
4 25.0 0.228027 0.228027 0.229593 0.228549 0.052235
5 30.0 0.247591 0.247591 0.247048 0.245410 0.060226
6 35.0 0.266457 0.266457 0.270761 0.267892 0.071766
7 40.0 0.285245 0.285354 0.285931 0.285510 0.081516
8 45.0 0.304615 0.304613 0.300751 0.303326 0.092006
Data (projectile motion)
No Height, h Horizontal length, R (± 0.1 cm) R2
(± 0.1 cm) R1 R2 R3 Rave (m2)
1 40.0 95.2 94.8 95.0 95.0 0.903
2 35.0 89.4 89.6 89.5 89.5 0.801
3 30.0 78.3 78.7 78.5 78.5 0.616
4 25.0 70.6 71.0 70.8 70.8 0.501
5 20.0 65.0 64.9 64.8 64.9 0.421
6 15.0 50.0 50.2 50.2 50.1 0.251
7 10.0 38.8 38.7 39.0 38.8 0.151

Plotting (Free fall & projectile motion)


Graph(s) 1. Title
2. Correct axis with labels & units.
3. Suitable scale & size plotted area (greater than 50% of graph paper).
4. Plotting: centroid & all data.
(All correct 2M, 1 mistake 1M, 2 mistake 0M)
5. Best line through centroid by representing all data.

Data
Analysis Analysis (Free fall):

Centroid:
𝟏𝟎.𝟎+𝟏𝟓.𝟎+𝟐𝟎.𝟎+𝟐𝟓.𝟎+𝟑𝟎.𝟎+𝟑𝟓.𝟎+𝟒𝟎.𝟎+𝟒𝟓.𝟎
𝒉= = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝟖 −
0.020614 + 0.030505 + 0.042136 + 0.052235 + 0.060226 + 0.071766 + 0.081516 + 0.092006
𝒕𝟐 = ( )
𝟖
2
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓 s

Centroid: (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟓 s2, 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎)


Gradient:
𝜟𝒚 𝟖𝟓.𝟎−𝟑.𝟎
𝒎 = 𝜟𝒙 =   (𝟏𝟕.𝟔−𝟎.𝟔)×𝟏𝟎−𝟐 =  482.35 cm s−2

Calculate ∆m using LSM


𝛥𝑚 = 9.06cm𝑠 −2
Hence, m = (482.35 ± 9.06) cm s-2

Gradient of the graph,


1
𝑚= g
2
g = 2m = 2(482.35) = 964.7 cm s−2

∆g = ∆m = 9.06 cm s−2
𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒈 = (𝟗. 𝟔𝟒𝟕 ± 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟏) 𝐦 𝐬 −𝟐

Percentage of error,
𝛥𝑔 0.091
× 100% = 9.647 × 100% =  0.94 %
𝑔

Percentage difference,
𝑔Th − 𝑔exp 9.81 − 9.647
| | × 100% = | | × 100% =  1.66 %
𝑔Th 9.81

Analysis (Projectile motion):

Centroid:
𝟎.𝟒𝟎+𝟎.𝟑𝟓+𝟎.𝟑𝟎+𝟎.𝟐𝟓+𝟎.𝟐𝟎+𝟎.𝟏𝟓+𝟎.𝟏𝟎
ℎ= = 0.25 m
𝟕
0.903 + 0.801 + 0.616 + 0.501 + 0.421 + 0.251 + 0.151
𝑅2 =
𝟕
= 0.521 m2

Centroid: (0.521 m2, 0.25 cm)

Gradient:
𝛥𝑦 0.400 − 0.115
𝑚= = 
𝛥𝑥 0.89 − 0.20
=  0.413 m−1
Calculate ∆m using LSM
𝛥𝑚 =  0.020 m−1

Hence m = (0.413 ± 0.020) m-1

Gradient of the graph,


7
m = 10gt2
7 7
∴ g= 2
= = 9.63 m s−2
10𝑚𝑡 10(0.413)(17.6 × 10−2 )
Δm ∆t 0.020 0.000001
Δg = ( m + 2 t ) g = (0.413 + 2 8.8×10−2 ) = 0.484 m s−2

Hence, g = (9.630 ± 0.484) m s-2

Percentage of error,
Δg 0.484
× 100% = 9.630 × 100% = 5.03 %
g
Percentage difference,
𝑔Th − 𝑔Exp 9.81 − 9.630
| | × 100% = | | × 100% =  1.83 %
𝑔Th 9.81
Discussion
Precaution : *Give 2 precautions during experiment.
Error : *Give 2 errors that happened during experiment. Must not be
related to precautions.
Suggestions to improve: *Give one suggestion. Must not be the same
as precaution or error.

Comment : The experiment was a success/ not success because the


percentage difference is less than / greater than 10%.

Conclusion The value of g from free fall experiment is (9.647 ± 0.091) m s -2.
The value of g from projectile experiment is (9.630 ± 0.484) m s -2.

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