This document provides instructions and examples for students to complete exercises on Hardy-Weinberg principles of genetic equilibrium in populations. It includes 8 exercises calculating genotypic and allelic frequencies given phenotypic or genotypic population percentages. Students are asked to complete and submit answers for 5 of the 8 exercises.
This document provides instructions and examples for students to complete exercises on Hardy-Weinberg principles of genetic equilibrium in populations. It includes 8 exercises calculating genotypic and allelic frequencies given phenotypic or genotypic population percentages. Students are asked to complete and submit answers for 5 of the 8 exercises.
This document provides instructions and examples for students to complete exercises on Hardy-Weinberg principles of genetic equilibrium in populations. It includes 8 exercises calculating genotypic and allelic frequencies given phenotypic or genotypic population percentages. Students are asked to complete and submit answers for 5 of the 8 exercises.
This document provides instructions and examples for students to complete exercises on Hardy-Weinberg principles of genetic equilibrium in populations. It includes 8 exercises calculating genotypic and allelic frequencies given phenotypic or genotypic population percentages. Students are asked to complete and submit answers for 5 of the 8 exercises.
Los siguientes ejercicios deben ser entregados con procedimiento en la clase teórica. Solo deben entregarse 5 de los ocho ejercicios disponibles. La entrega puede ser realizada en grupos de máximo 4 personas
1. You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (A1A1) is 43%. Using that 43%, calculate the following:
A. The frequency of the "A1A1" genotype.
B. The frequency of the "A1" allele. C. The frequency of the "A2" allele. D. The frequencies of the genotypes "A2A2" and "A1A2." E. The frequencies of the two possible phenotypes if "A2" is completely dominant over "A1."
2. Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous
individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 4% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene?
3. Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B1) is dominant over the color white (B2). And, 30% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information, calculate the following:
A. The percentage of butterflies in the population that are heterozygous.
B. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
4. A rather large population of Biology instructors have 765 red-sided individuals and 557 tan-sided individuals. Assume that red is totally recessive. Please calculate the following:
A. The allele frequencies of each allele.
B. The expected genotype frequencies. C. The number of heterozygous individuals that you would predict to be in this population. D. The expected phenotype frequencies. E. Conditions happen to be really good this year for breeding and next year there are 1,500 young "potential" Biology instructors. Assuming that all of the Hardy- Weinberg conditions are met, how many of these would you expect to be red- sided and how many tan-sided?
5. A very large population of randomly-mating laboratory mice contains 35% white
mice. White coloring is caused by the double recessive genotype, "W2W2". Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population.
6. You sample 1,000 individuals from a large population for the MN blood group, which can easily be measured since co-dominance is involved (i.e., you can detect the heterozygotes). They are typed accordingly:
BLOOD NUMBER OF RESULTING
GENOTYPE TYPE INDIVIDUALS FREQUENCY
M MM 500 0.5
MN MN 90 0.09
N NN 410 0.41
Using the data provide above, calculate the following:
A. The frequency of each allele in the population.
B. Supposing the matings are random, the frequencies of the matings. C. The probability of each genotype resulting from each potential cross.
7. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive condition that affects about 1 in 2,500 babies in the Caucasian population of the United States. Please calculate the following.
A. The frequency of the recessive allele in the population.
B. The frequency of the dominant allele in the population. C. The percentage of heterozygous individuals (carriers) in the population.
8. In a given population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 400 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 50 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)?
