ABSTRACT

This study is an outcome of the title called “A study on Effectiveness

o f   Employees Safety and Health” with reference GEMINI ENTERPRISES C/O PRANAM

LEATHERS (PVT) Limited.

Employees Safety and Health look upon prevention of accidents basically as an engineering

problem to be tackled through proper designing of mechanical safety devices.

Infact, accident prevention and safety are inter related and, therefore require a multi

dimensional approach.

Its importance has increased because of large-scale industrialization in which

human beings are subjected to mechanical, chemical, electrical and radiation hazards. .”

Total population is 369; from that 100 employees were selected using simple random

sampling method and a well structured questionnaire was framed in order to extract

the required information from the respondents.

  Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s   w e r e   c o l l e c t e d   t h r o u g h  personal

interview.T h e   v a r i o u s   s t a t i s t i c a l   t o o l s   l i k e   p e r c e n t a g e   m e t h o d ,   c h i   s q u a r e  

t e s t   a n d correlation analysis were used in this study.

The findings of the study reveal that major cause for the work place accident is unsafe

handling of material. So the vestibule training method can be included in employee training

program. Ergonomics method enables better employees safety and health.

CHAPTER -1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

 The safer the work environment, the more productive it is. Productive
employees are an asset to all companies. For instance, productive employees
can produce more output in less time, reducing operational costs.
 Workplace safety promotes the wellness of employees and employers alike.
Better safety equates to better health. Healthier employees do tasks more
efficiently, and they are happier in general.
 There are very few accidents in a safe working environment. This results in
less downtime for safety investigations and reduces costs for worker’s
compensation. This also reduces the time needed for employees to heal from
injuries.

1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

workforce Of 1000, Including Technical, Production And Administration. Gemini Enterprises

founded in 1987 follows responsible practices in the manufacturing of leather and garments

in their facilities and ensuring ethical and social practices. We are the first tannery in India to

collaborate with ”Wet Green” to manufacture “Oliven Leder” for leather garments.

\The “Oliven Leder” is a certified “Sustainable leather production” and the leather

is Sustainable to the environment. The skins are Chrome Free, Metal Free, Eco Friendly

and Sustainable.

 LWG Gold rated tannery from raw to finish leather processing. “Chemical Management

Module” audited against LWG standards. The raw material is sourced from traceable farms

and slaughter houses.

The skins sourced are by product from the meat industry. Periodical RSL audits and

Environmental audit from our customers at our manufacturing facilities. Garment factories
with ISO 14001 : 2015 audits and certification. One of the Largest Fully Integrated

Leather Garment Producers In India.

1.3 MISSION & VALUES

 Provide superior products and services to our customers and maintain marketleadersp.

 Evolve as an institution that serves the best interests of all stakeholders

 Pursue excellence through total quality management

 Ensure the highest standards of ethics and integrity in all our actions

1.4 VISION

 To position RML as a global ball joint supplier through customer focus

  To retain leadership in a domestic steering gear market and penetrate closed export

market

1.5 PREREQUISITES FOR AN EFFECTIVE SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY

For a safety and health program to be successful an organization should:

 Have the support and guidance pf top management in the implementation

of safety policy.

 Educate and train employees about the safety policy and the

importance for an organization. Even the workers at the lowest

o p e r a t i n g l e v e l s h o u l d h a v e a c l e a r   understanding 0of the methods and

procedures to be followed to ensure safety at the workplace.

 Make safety and health an important aspect of organizational cult

u r e   s o   t h a t   i t  pervades all the functions and the levels of the organization.

 Appoint a safety director to ensure that the safety programs are

p r o g r e s s i n g i n accordance to the set directions.

 Have a safety engineering process that includes designing of new products, processes

and machines, structuring the layout of plants and equipment, providing safety

devices for employees working on hazardous jobs, keeping the work place clean, well

lit and properly ventilated, maintaining a well designed system for detection,

prevention and control of fire, dust fumes, inflammable gases and explosives.

 Conduct an organization wide audit to ensure the implementation of the safety policy

and strict adherence to all the safety rules.

 Keep a track of the accidents that take place so that they can be avoided in the future.

 It is not necessary that all the organization have the above mentioned elements for

thei m p l e m e n t a t i o n   o f   s a f e t y   p o l i c y .   H o w e v e r ,   i f   t h e y   a r e   t a k e n   i n t

o   c o n s i d e r a t i o n , accidents can be avoided.

1.6 ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN THE WORK PLACE

Let us discuss some of the important steps that an organization

h a s t o t a k e i n implementation safety and health programs to prevent accidents at the

workplace.and provide

a safe working environment for its employees. When an organization is 

s u c c e s s f u l   i n Implementing the following steps, the accident rate will be automatically

decrease.

1. Educating and training the employees

2. Frequent inspections by the top management

3. Tabulating and analyzing the causes of accidents

4. Conducting regular employee wellness program

5. Designing mental health program

6. Making the right start and get going

1.7 CAUSES OF ACCIDENT

 Nature and causes of accident may vary from organization to organization. Basically

industrial accidents will arise either due to technical faults or due to human follies or errors.

Therefore the causes of accidents may be attributed to work related causes and worker

relatedcauses.1

1. Work related Causes

Unsafe working conditions are the prime causes for any industrial accident and these include

all engineering deficiencies. These mainly include improper lighting,

inadequatesafety devices, polluted work place, poor machine guarding and unsafe and careles

shousekeeping. These factors will create psychological and physical problems for the workers

and will invite industrial accident.

2. Worker related Causes

These are human factors responsible for accidents due to their unsafe acts. Lack of adequate

skill or knowledge in handling the machine, disturbed mental condition, neglecting safety

devices and instruction, using unsafe machine, working at unsafe speed are some of the

causes due to which workers become victims as industrial accidents.

 NEED FOR STUDY

 The success of any manufacturing organization depends largely on

theworkers. The employees are considered as the backbone of  GEMINI

ENTERPRISES.

 The study was mainly undertaken to identify the level of employees Safety & Health

measures in the organization. Once the Employees Safety & Health Measures are

identified it would be possible for the management to improve the employees safety

and health.

 This study can serve as a basis for measuring causes for the accident in the workplace.
 OBJECTIVES

 To study and analyze the effectiveness of Employee Safety and Health at GEMINI

ENTERPRISES C/O PRANAM LEATHERS (P) LTD.

 To trace the causes of accident in the work place.

 To study to which extent employees are practicing safety and health in the real

work situation.

 To assess the management commitment towards employees safety and health.

 To suggest suitable measures for improving employees safety and health.

 SCOPE

 The project throws light on the need for learning Employees Safety & Health.

 The project was developed based on the employees expectation.

 It will be helpful for the management to improve the Employees Safety & Health

measures in the organization.

 This study would be a base for the researchers who are carry survey for the same.

 The study also helps the concern for the further enhancement for their manufacturing

with employees safety & health by elaborating the current survey.

LIMITATIONS

 The study is based upon the small population size of 100 samples at GEMINI

ENTERPRISES.

 Data were only collected from shop- floor employees

 Time available for this research work was a limiting factor.

 The study is based on the effectiveness of Employees Safety & Health measures. It

does not explore the pros and corns on the side of employers.
  

To suggest suitable measures for improving employees safety and health.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH

Research is a process in which the researcher wishes to find out the end result for agiven

problem and thus the solution helps in future course of action. The research has beendefined

as “A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new fact in any branch of

knowledge”.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The procedure using, which researchers go about their work of describing, explainingand

predicting phenomena, is called Methodology. Methods compromise the procedures used

for generating, collecting, and evaluating data. Methods are the ways of obtaining

informationuseful for assessing explanation.

TYPES OF RESEARCH

The type of research used in this project is descriptive in nature. Descriptive researchis

essentially a fact finding related largely to the present, abstracting generations by

crosssectional study of the current situation .The descriptive methods are extensively used in

the physical and natural science, for instance when physics measures, biology classifies,
zoologydissects and geology studies the rock. But its use in social science is more common,

as insocio economic surveys and job and activity analysis.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH AIMS AT

To portray the characteristics of a particular individual situation or group(with or without

specific initial hypothesis about the nature of this characteristics).

To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it isassociated with

something else( usually , but not always ,with a specific initial hypothesis).The descriptive

method has certain limitation; one is that the research may make description itself an end

itself. Research is essentially creative and demands the discovery of facts on order to lead

asolution of the problem. A second limitation is associated whether the statistical techniques

dominate. The desire to over emphasis central tendencies and to fact in terms of Average,

Correlation, Means and dispersion may not always be either welcome. This limitation arises

because statistics which is partly a descriptive tool of analysis can aid but not always explain

casual relation.

DESIGN OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES:

Descriptive studies aim at portraying accurately the characteristics of a particular group or

solution. One may under take a descriptive study about the work in the factory,health and

welfare. A descriptive study may be concerned with the right to strike, capital punishment,

prohibition etc.A descriptive study involves the following steps:

1.Formulating the objectives of the study .

2.Defining the population and selecting the sample .

3.Designing the method of data collection .

4.Analysis of the data .

5.Conclusion and recommendation for further improvement in the practices.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the specification of the method and procedure for acquiring

theinformation needed to solve the problem.The research design followed for this research

study is descriptive research design where wefind a solution to an existing problem. The

problem of this study is to find the effectiveness of Employees Safety & Health at Rane

Madras Limited.

UNIVERSE AND SAMPLING

This study was restricted to the blue collar employees. Out of the universe of 369 bluecollars,

a sample of 100 respondents was selected by simple random sampling method. All

theopinions expressed herein are the contribution by the respondents only.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Survey method is considered the best method for data collection and the tool used for data

collection are Questionnaire. Private individuals, research workers, private and public

organizations and even government are adopting it. In this method a questionnaire is

collected through personal interview. A questionnaire consists of a number of question

involves both specific and general question related to Employees Safety & Health.

SOURCES OF DATA

The two sources of data collection are namely

Primary & secondary.

Primary data
Primary data are fresh data collected through survey from the employees usingquestionnaire.

Secondary data

Secondary data are collected from books, internet and various journals, magazinesetc.

STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

PERCENTAGE METHOD In this project percentage method test and used. The following

are the formula Percentage of Respondent = No. of Respondent x 100Total no. of Respondent

CHI - SQUARE Analysis In this project chi- square test was used. This test is used to test

significance of association between two attributes. Chi- square, symbolically written as

(pronounce as Ki- square), is a statistical measure used in the context of sampling analysis for

comparing a variance to a theoretical variance. Formula for finding chi square is

χ2= ∑(O-E)2/ E In this study chi-square is to find the association between respondents gender

and respondents accident proneness, respondents accident proneness and enough training for

the employees & employees work load and the approach of the organization .

CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Correlation Analysis is a statistical technique used to measure the magnitude of linear

relationship between two variables. Correlation Analysis is not used in isolationto describe

the relationship between variables. To analyze the relation between two variables, two

prominent correlation coefficient are used –the Pearson product correlation coefficient and

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient .In this study the Pearson product correlation

coefficient is used to find the correlation coefficient between respondents awareness level at

the time of joining with employees participation in suggestion scheme & respondents

awareness level at present and the Counseling .This is also known as simple correlation

coefficient and is denoted by “r”.The “r”value ranges from -1, through 0, to +1.It

is calculated using the formula

r = ∑xy / √∑x

2.∑y2

QUESTIONNAIRE

A Study on Effectiveness of Employees Safety and Health at GEMINI ENTERPRISES

C/O PRANAM LEATHERS (P)LTD.

I. PERSONAL DETAILS

1. Department:

2.Designation:

3. Gender:

a. male b. female

4. Age:

a. < 25 yrs b.26-30 yrs c. 31-35 yrs d.36-40 yrs e. > 40yrs
5. Marital status:a. Married b. Unmarried

6. Educational Qualification

a. SSLC/HSC b. ITI c. Diploma d. Graduation e. Post Graduation

7. Work Category

a. Technical b. Non- Technical

8. Total Work Experience

a. < 1 yrs b. 2-4 yrs c.5-7 yrs d. 8-10 yrs e.>10 yrs

II. CAUSES OF ACCIDENT

9. Do you have accident proneness (fear)?

a. Yes b. No

10. If Yes, specific reason

a. Personal problems b. Environmental Problems c. Technical problem

11. The major reasons for the Work place accident

a. Work Based b. Worker Based

12. The major reasons for Work related accident that occur in the organization.

a. Improper lighting b. Polluted work place c.Unsafe&carelesshouse keeping

d. Improper Ventilation f. Inadequate Safety Devicesd. If others mention

13. what are the worker based causes for the accident that occur in the

accidenta. Lack of adequate skill 
a. Disturbed mental condition b. Neglecting safety devices c. Unsafe speed d. Unsafe

material handling e. Others Mention

III. EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT

14. Is Good safety& health measures to work and individual recognition is needfor improving

work efficiency

a. Strongly agree b. Disagree c. Agree d .Strongly disagree e. Neither agree nor disagree

15. At the time of joining, your awareness level of Employees safety & health measures?

a. Very High  b. High  c. Low  d. Very low  e. None

16. At present, do you aware of Employees Safety & Health measures?

a. Yes b. No

17.If Yes, through which

a. Motion Pictures b. colleagues c. written brouchers d. Manager in person

18. Is your work load is acceptable in the organization?

a. Yes b. No

19. If No, to what extent

a. Heavy b. very Heavy

20. How would you rate your job?

a. Challenging b. Interesting c. Creative d. poor
IV. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

21. Do you receive support from the management regarding Employees Safety & Health?

a. Yes b. No

22. Do you get enough training from the company regarding Employees Safety & Health?

a. Yes b. No

23. Are the company’s Safety & Health policies flexible and acceptable to you?

a. Yes b. No

24. If No, specify reason

25. Are you interested to participate in suggestion scheme in Employees safety & Health?

a. Yes b. No

26. Your level of participation in the implementation of Safety & Health Procedures in

your organization

a. Very High b. High c. Low d. Very low e. None

27.The frequency of safety training conducted in the organization

a. Weekly b. Monthly c. Yearly

28. If so

,a. Once b. Twice c. Thrice

29. Do you have frequent inspection by the top management?

a. Yes b. No

30.How do you feel about the approach from the organization?

a. Flexible c. People oriented b. Transparent d. Product oriented

V. MEASURES

31. Do you have enough First aid facilities in case of accident?

a. Yes b. No

32. Find the reasons for Stress relief measures

a. Reasonable hours of work  b. Rest Pauses or break in working hours c. Holidays and leave

with pay d. Appreciating employees for their work

 33. Does the company provide recreational facilities?

a. Yes b. No

34. If Yes, What type of facilities

a. T.V b. News papers or magazines c. Light music d. Sports

35. The frequency of accidents is high in the organization during

a .First Shift b .Second Shift c .Third Shift d. None