Vision for School

Education 3.0
A Discussion Paper

April 2017

   
2 | Vision for School Education 3.0
Contents
Foreword 04

Vision 2030 08

Context: Indian K-12 education system 10

Pillars to achieve Vision 2030

Access and Equity 14

Quality 18

Relevance 22

Governance 26

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 3

 Foreword
Can we assure 21st century learners that our schools are educating them for the future when our systems are still anchored
in 20th century policies and we continue to practice principles of teaching and learning of the 19th century?

Since independence, India has made phenomenal progress in providing access to education, which is reflected in the
substantial increase in GER. Between 2000-01 and 2013-14 GER has increased steeply from 81.6% to 97% at elementary
level. The level of learning outcomes and the dropout rate after the elementary level, however, leave much to be desired.
While we are still grappling with putting numeracy and literacy on track, the world has moved on. Today, we are in the
Industry 4.0 era where technological innovations and artificial intelligence have become the order of the day. Solutions are
offered through robotics, automation, cloud computing, 3D printing, Internet of things, machine-to-machine and human-to-
machine learning.

Generations do not pause growing, and given the current demographics of our country, a radical course correction is needed
with an utmost sense of urgency. Only then would India be able to accomplish its missions of Make in India, Start Up India
and Digital India and offer a young, competent and productive workforce to this otherwise ageing world.

With the world changing into a more coherent global entity, the contours of knowledge are expanding and exploding in a
manner that conventional disciplinary boundaries are fast becoming a hindrance in the pursuit of knowledge. We need to
reimagine our curriculum framework and make it dynamic — one that acknowledges a fluid and flexible structure of subject
boundaries.

The educational framework needs to recognize the “holistic” nature of knowledge and respond accordingly by providing
not just heaps of facts and information but also wisdom to sift the chaff from the grain. This calls for reimagining our
assessment systems to ones that do not merely evaluate the skills of storing and retrieving, but also the ability to use tools
of critical thinking and rational inquiry.

Education for tomorrow must hone the learner’s ability to become a co-creator of knowledge rather than being just a passive
receiver. We need to thus reimagine a student to become a lifelong learner, one who carries the acumen and desire to learn,
unlearn and re-learn at all spectrums of life.

We need to reimagine the physical spaces of our schools and transform them into “maker spaces.” Major investments would
be required to set up schools that are 21st century ready and upgrade the existing ones.

Source: http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/EFA-Review-Report-final.pdf

4 | Vision for School Education 3.0

21st century classrooms require 21st century teachers. We need to reimagine a teacher who plays the role of a learning
facilitator and who remains a learner, too. To achieve this, we need to make faculty development a national mission and
create a cadre for school leaders. We need to rightfully glorify and make teaching one of the most noble and aspired
professions for the best and the brightest.

In terms of student enrolments, both the government and the independent sector are more or less equally divided. To
achieve this tall vision in short time it is crucial that both these sectors align, collaborate and also compete. Radical
outcomes require radical and systemic changes. There is a need to reimagine the existing heavily regulated and restrictive
system to one that offers an enabling and facilitative policy framework that incentivizes and promotes good performers and
challenges low performers. “Perform or perish” should be the rule of the game. The framework should promote the highest
standards of governance and transparency based on principles of self-regulation to achieve our Prime Minister’s vision of
“minimum government, maximum governance.”

Through this vision document, we reimagine new paradigms that would create pathways for school education that focus on
creating capabilities powered by inclusivity, inquiry and innovation. Such education and schools will produce 21st century
learners who are ready to take on, adapt to and succeed in this rapidly changing world.

Mr. Prabhat Jain, Mr. Sailesh Rao, Mr. Naga Prasad Tummala Mr. Manit Jain
Chairman Partner Co-Chair Co-Chair
FICCI ARISE EY LLP FICCI ARISE FICCI ARISE

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 5

 Learner-centered
paradigm of
school education
in 2030

6 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 Differentiated
governance

Optimal
infrastructure Dynamic
curriculum
Inclusive Real-world skills

Digital Curriculum and

School enablement pedagogy
Bouquet of Learning to
choices learn, unlearn
and re-learn

Student
Streamlined Community
and Easy access to Industry engagement
transparent all exposure
process

Facilitators Visionary
school leaders
Involvement of
parents, friends
and networks

Teachers as
learning facilitators
Professional
Adequate
working
support staff
environment Promoting self-
regulation

To chart out the path of transformation for the Indian school education system, it is essential to be cognizant of
the challenges of today and consider corrective actions across the entire ecosystem.

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 7

 Vision 2030 for
the Indian K-12
education system

8 | Vision for School Education 3.0

The desired state cannot be achieved through incremental steps. The need of the hour is a radical approach that leads to a complete
mind-shift in policy and regulatory framework to bring exponential change. Over the past two decades, India has experienced the
benefits of liberalization in several sectors such as healthcare, roads, telecom and automobiles. It is high time that the education
sector should also see substantial reforms. We wish to transform our education sector by 2030 with the following vision:

“Creating global productive citizens empowered with high-order thinking, reasoning and problem solving skills
who are emotionally equipped and carry the ability to seamlessly adapt to disruptive change and become
positive contributors to the world around them”

1 Access and equity

2 Quality

• Every student of school going age is • Regular teacher training and

going to school development

• No disparity in academic outcomes of • Outcome focused teaching practices

socially challenged groups
• Optimal school infrastructure

• Teaching an aspirational career

Governance

Access and Equity Quality

Relevance

3 Relevance
4 Governance

• Learner centric paradigm of education • Differentiated and facilitating regulatory

framework
• Personalized learning paths for students
• Output-based regulations while
• Innovation and experimental learning
encouraging self-disclosure
• Alignment with societal needs
• Visionary school leadership

• Engaged community

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 9

 Education is
critical to improve
our society

10 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 India has considerably enhanced its GER but, as per World
“If there is going to be inclusive economic Bank, still lags behind the average GER of upper middle income
development across the world, attention must countries due to lower secondary and tertiary enrolments.
focus on education quality and having all
students achieve basic skills,” 
Secondary and tertiary enrolments need to improve
— Eric Hanushek,
a Stanford economist Education 2015 2005
Level
Upper middle India India
A well-educated workforce is the key to a nation’s prosperity. income
With initial stages of education providing literacy and laying the countries
foundation of skill sets, higher education facilitates research
Elementary 105.4% 97% 93.5%
and development and the diffusion of technologies. Education is
an important building block for India with 39% of our population Secondary 93.1% 78.5% 51.7%
(~472 m) below the age of 181 – realizing the potential of this Tertiary 43.8% 24.3% 12.6%
future workforce rests on the performance of Indian education
Sources: U-DISE report; AISHE report; The world Bank, UNESCO
system. institute of statistics
The current Central Government envisions to make India the
next manufacturing and technological hub of the world through India must continue its efforts to push for further improvements
initiatives such as Make in India and Digital India. This requires in GER as secondary education is essential for the development
the development of a highly productive workforce equipped of our knowledge-driven economy.
with globally relevant skills.

Moreover, investing in the development of innovative and

industrious human capital not only improves the earning
capability of an individual but also enhances the social well
being of the surrounding communities. Hence, a dynamic
education system imparting robust skills and knowledge
is essential for driving economic growth as well as for the
development of a knowledgeable society.
Efforts are already in progress to revamp the higher education
system of the country, but reforms in the K-12 education
system are lagging.

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 11

 Indian education
system is unique
where the private
sector plays a
significant role

12 | Vision for School Education 3.0

The Indian school education system is one of the largest in the world, with ~260 million students. It is governed by both state and
central bodies, being a concurrent subject in the Indian constitution. Even though broad common directions are provided by the
national policies, the states run their school systems independently, leading to the existence of different ownership structures and
affiliating boards.

Indian school system

Annual Government spend* ~INR 3,230,000,000,000

Annual Government spend

per enrolled student*
~INR 12,500+

No. of schools ~1,500,000

Enrolments
~260,000,000

Private schools educate 43% of students Share of private sector continues to increase
75% 38%
33%
57%
25% 25%
43% 21%
16%
25%

Schools Enrolments
2005-06 2011-12 2015-16
Government Private
Schools Elementary enrolments
Source: U-DISE report 2015-16 Source: U-DISE reports of respective years

However, there are several challenges plaguing the Indian

K-12 educational system limiting the holistic development of
the learners. Transformation is required across the identified
Comparatively, world average for enrolment in
four levers (i.e., access and equity, quality, relevance and
private institutions is lower – 13.4% in primary
governance) to achieve Vision 2030.
and ~25% in secondary schools
Source: U-DISE report; World Bank Database, MHRD report
* Figures corresponding to FY 14

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 13

 1
Access and equity
Key challenge: Low spend on
education; high drop-out rate

India, with its “Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 2001” and “Right to

Increasing enrolment of girls per 100 boys
Education Act, 2009 has imposed legal obligations on both
the central and state governments to provide elementary 100
education to every child between the age of 6 to 14 leading
to better access. At the same time, equity in opportunities for 90
traditionally disadvantaged cohorts has also improved. Primary
80
But India’s spend on education is highly disproportionate - Upper primary
70
public spend on education amounts to ~5.2% of the world’s Secondary
cumulative public spend, but the country is home to 20% of the 60
population in the target group*. Unfortunately, low investment
has resulted in several challenges leading to a steep drop in the 50
GER with increasing education levels 2001 2004 2008 2011 2014

Source: EFA Review report, 2014

Expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP

7%

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
India UK USA
Source: The world Bank, UNESCO Institute of Statistics

14 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 High dropout rate High proportion of out-of-school children (OoSC)

The enrolment gap from elementary to secondary levels India has the largest number of OoSC in the world: more
suggest that although a larger number of children are than that of sub-Saharan Africa. There is a huge disparity in
entering the educational system, a significant proportion of the schooling experiences of urban and rural children, rich
them are not progressing through the system to complete and poor children — varying transition rates i.e. progress
the elementary/secondary cycle of education. Though of students from elementary to secondary level (rural: ~87
the dropout rate is matter of concern in the case of all and urban: ~98) and percentage of OoSC (rural: 7.8% and
categories of students urban:4.3%). Of the 6.064 million OoSC, 76% belong to the
SC, ST and other minorities. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan
dropout rates among disadvantaged groups, especially for
and West Bengal account for over 70% of the OoSC in the
girls from these groups, remain higher than the national
country.
average, for e.g.: the primary level dropout rate for girls in
Hyderabad district in 2013-14 was 7.95% but for ST girls it
was a startling 57.18%.

Elementary

Secondary

97%
78.5% Tertiary

24.3%

Source: UDISE report; AISHE report “Teaching teachers, the great challenge for India’s education system”-HT (2016), Education For All Towards Quality
with Equity India (MHRD), UNESCO-Education For All Monitoring report 2014, ““Restoring dignity to the teaching profession in India”, Ideas for India,
2014; “why children drop-out from primary school”, The Hindu, 2016

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 15

At elementary level, India has been able to get ~100% enrolments; more work is required in driving access in higher classes.
Moreover, in order to ensure equity and minimize disparities between socio-economic classes, religions and genders equal
opportunities to access education can be provided through following approaches.

Increase access and equity to provide equal

opportunities to all

• The Government should increase spend on education. The Increase supply by promoting investments
current per capita (PPP basis) spend on education is about
US$500, which is about 4 times less than the average per The Government should encourage private investment in
capita spend of upper middle income countries. education through different funding channels.
• In order to curb disparity across states, models being used • PPP models should be leveraged for existing low-
by states with high GER and quality of education should be performing and low-enrolment government schools.
replicated in other states.
• Models with private operators for running government
• A hub and spoke approach could be followed, where a schools with sufficient autonomy to innovate and run
“model” school is incentivized to adopt low quality school sustainable operations should be leveraged.
or create small-scale schools.
• Issues with reimbursement of cost, transparency in
• Innovative ways should be used to provide access in remote choosing private partners etc. should be addressed.
areas. For example:
• Teachers from schools rating high on quality should be
• Leverage ICT to provide access in remote parts of the leveraged to conduct training sessions for aspiring teachers
country or teachers from lower performing schools to create a
supply of better quality learning facilitator.
Incentivize education of socially challenged
groups • Existing schools should be allowed to restructure
themselves and raise funding through alternate channels.
• Socially challenged groups discriminated based on caste, • Voucher-base system could be introduced allowing students
religion, gender etc. should be incentivized by subsidizing to choose between a Government and private school.
the entire K-12 education.

• The inclusion of these socially challenged groups in the

K-12 schooling system should be actively monitored using
local demographic data

16 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 1
Key building blocks to
achieve Vision 2030 –
Access and equity
Goal: No child left behind

Illustrative example: South Korea’s student support systems to increase inclusiveness

In an attempt to improve the quality of education for students from low-income and
migrant families, South Korea has provided access to vouchers for extracurricular activity
fees and special university scholarships. The Government also piloted the “Heart-Beat”
program for pre-school students from migrant families to improve their language ability,
cognitive ability, social skills and emotional stability and bring them to an equal footing
with their classmates. Also, in order to attract good teachers to schools with high
proportions of students from socially-challenged families, the Government provides its
teachers incentives such as small class sizes, higher salaries, reduced instructional time,
credit toward future promotions and a choice of location of a future teaching position.

Source: World bank data 2014; National Centre on Education and the Economy (USA); EY Analysis

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 17

 2
Quality
Key challenge: Poor quality
and dismal learning levels

Not only is school education the founding step in the path of fostering cognitive skills in the workforce, but the quality of schools is
also critical for the upliftment of the nation as a whole. However, there is an evident gap between the education imparted by Indian
schools and the knowledge gained by the learners.

NAS, by NCERT ASER, by Pratham PISA, by OECD

• Significant disparities in the • India ranked second-last among

• The proportion of students in
achievement levels of students 73 countries when tested on
class V who can read class II level
exist among states. their reading, math and science
texts declined to 47.8% in 2016
abilities.
• For example, ~80% of the from 48.1% in 2014.
students in Karnataka can • 15-year-old Indians lag behind
• The ability of class VIII students
perform geometric operations, global toppers by 200 points,
to perform arithmetic operations
whereas in Chhattisgarh less signifying that an 8th grader
declined from 44.2% in 2014 to
than 50% of students have similar Indian equates to a 3rd grader
43.2% in 2016.
capabilities. Korean

18 | Vision for School Education 3.0

Moreover, the low proficiency of Indian students with respect to their global counterparts in spite of the presence of the largest
school network in the world can be attributed to low teaching standards and an input-oriented system.

Poor quality of teachers High proportion of out-of-school children (OoSC)

The majority of the government and private schools face Schools are evaluated on inputs rather than outcomes such
challenges pertaining to the quality of teaching. The dismal as readiness or performance of a student. The RTE Act lays
performance of applicants in the teacher eligibility test down norms and standards that all schools must follow,
(pass rates fluctuating between 1% and 11%) highlights the such as maximum pupil-teacher and pupil-classroom ratios,
inadequate knowledge imparted to the aspirants during minimum working days, drinking water facilities, boundary
their B.Ed. and D.Ed. courses. Moreover, the following walls and playgrounds, but quality norms in terms of
statistics highlight the urgent need to address teaching- minimum learning outcomes are not among them.
related challenges

• Only 55% of contractual teachers have some teaching

qualifications.

• There is near absence of continuous training mechanisms

for teachers.

• Teacher absenteeism continues to plague the

government system, with absence rates varying from
15% in Maharashtra to 42% in Jharkhand.

• 8% of the existing elementary schools are single-teacher

schools.

• ~5 lakh sanctioned teaching posts in the country stand

vacant.

Source: National Policy on Education; PISA results 2015; ASER results 2016; “Teaching teachers, the great challenge for India’s education system”,
Hindustan Times 2016, Education For All Towards Quality with Equity India (MHRD); UNESCO-Education For All Monitoring report 2014; ““Restoring
dignity to the teaching profession in India”, Ideas for India, 2014

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 19

Today, several cohorts in India are not provided an education that could prepare them to be productive citizens and contribute
towards the country‘s economic development. This vision lays a framework to enhance the quality of education provided by both
government and private institutions.

“Good quality education, provided by trained and supported Ensure adequate training and development
teachers, is the right of all children, youth and adults, not the of teachers
privilege of the few.” UNESCO
• Teachers should be trained in new age pedagogy to enable
them to effectively deliver quality outcomes.
Adopt outcome-focussed teaching practices
• Existing teachers should be incentivized to upgrade their
skills.
• Performance objectives should be aligned to learning • A self-development oriented appraisal system should be
objectives; teacher effectiveness should be evaluated based introduced.
on students’ success.

• Student formative assessments should be integrated in the Glorify teaching as one of the most credible
evaluation and assessment framework. career options
• Students should be tested on generic and applied concepts
• A high decibel campaign can be used to market teaching as
rather than theoretical knowledge.
an aspirational career option
• The focus during secondary education should be on career
• Existing teacher training institutes should be uplifted to the
readiness
levels of national importance or new ones established.

Incentivize education of socially challenged • Research in education should be encouraged.

groups • There should be adequate funds to fill teacher vacancies in
government schools.
• Computer labs should be built and availability of laptops/ low
cost access devices should be increased • Teachers should have mobility options.

• Adequate bandwidth should be developed to provide fast and • Teachers’ career should follow merit-based progression with
uninterrupted connectivity for schools across geographies. a choice of career tracks.

• Schools with partially filled capacity should be incentivized • A national registry of teachers should be maintained, leading
to consolidate to a free market for teaching jobs.

20 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 2
Key building blocks to
achieve Vision 2030 -
Quality
Goal: Academic outcomes at
par with the best in the world

Illustrative example: Transformation of school system in Finland by empowering teachers

Teaching is regarded as a noble, prestigious profession in Finland, driven by moral purpose
than material interests. It is so evident in their value systems that only 10% applicants are
accepted to be teachers despite it not being a particularly high paying job. All teachers
receive master’s level and high-level teacher training with focus on continuous professional
development rather than overburdening them with administrative duties. Teacher’s
workload is low with the number of teaching hours in Finland being ~600 per annum as
compared to ~1,100 in the US. A non-judgemental work environment largely free from
external requirements such as inspection, standardized testing and government control is
a key ingredient in Finland’s success in international examinations.

Source: Finnish Teacher Training Schools (FTTS); Press articles

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 21

 3
Relevance
Key challenge: Teacher centric
learning with emphasis on
syllabus coverage and exam
preparation

The current Indian school education ecosystem provides limited Moreover, the absence of continuously upgraded curriculum in
choices, imparted through inflexible delivery models, leading to line with the technological and scientific developments at the
a wide mismatch between the capabilities of the students and national and international levels contributes toward the low
the education imparted. The Indian school structures still focus employability rates of the Indian youth. The whole paradigm of
on teaching subjects in silos with an aim to cover the prescribed the K-12 education system rests on isolation from community,
syllabus without providing students opportunities for deep memory recall, boredom and monotony, which is hampering the
immersion to solve real-world problems and acquire relevant overall purpose of education and leading to several challenges.
skills.

22 | Vision for School Education 3.0

Limited focus on analytical learning One-size-fit-all approach Outdated delivery methods

As currently constituted, the K-12 With outdated teaching methodologies,

An individual’s employability is a
system is built on the presumption that there is no growth in student learning
function of the education and holistic
everyone can learn the same concepts outcome, which is reflected in the
values imparted through the formative
through similar delivery models. But, scores of standardized tests taken by
years and adulthood. School education
as stated by prof. Howard Gardner, an Indian students. Even though the use
therefore lays the foundation, but
American developmental psychologist, of technology is a part and participle
in India, rote-learning and syllabus-
the existing batch of students possess of the education system world over, in
focused learning are prevalent. Most
seven different kinds of minds, leading India it remains a luxury – only 24.4%
Indian students have never had the
to the development of distinctive schools have access to computers.
opportunity to apply the knowledge
intelligence that is responsive to Classroom instruction accounts for the
they have learned. This goes back to
different learning styles. The multi- majority of the lesson delivery, with no
the syllabus and examination-focused
grade classrooms with focus on a practical or experiential learning.
teaching that happens in classrooms
one-size-fits-all approach gives little
across India with a focus on teaching
consideration to the varied capabilities
content rather than imparting and
of the students, hindering their overall
evaluating relevant skills. Minimal focus
development.
of the existing Indian K-12 system
on developing critical thinkers and
complex problem solvers will drastically
reduce India’s aspiration of developing
a workforce at par with the global
requirements.

Source: U-DISE report 2015-16

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 23

Transitioning towards a learner-centered education model requires development of interactive learning modules. Customized
learning during the foundation years will assist in the development of dynamic and agile learners capable of making more informed
decisions. The following approaches can help in innovating the existing classroom learning environment by promoting pragmatic
learning.

Develop flexible program structures

• Concept-based and competency-driven programs tailored as

per the learning potential of the student would enable the Focus on developing life skills
development as well as achievement of more meaningful
learning objectives
• Emphasis on social skills, collaboration and emotional
quotient along with providing experimental learning would
prepare learners for solving real-life problems and devising
Create personalized learning paths effective solutions.

• Integration of vocational education will further enable

• Allowing students to move at their own pace and pursuing students to be job-ready.
their interests would not only make learning an exciting
• Options such as apprenticeship should be encouraged to
proposition but also enable students to take more
control drop-out rates and facilitate experiential learning
responsibility of their learning outcomes

Align with societal needs

Redefine learning and assessment processes
• Knowledge sources and societal resources outside the formal
education domain should be leveraged to further enhance
• Practical pedagogy delivered through technology driven
pedagogy and build better connect between the learner and
tools can potentially lead to higher focus on relevant tasks
society.
and lower costs of delivery

• Shift from norm-referenced to criterion-referenced testing

mechanisms to assess if students have acquired specific skills
and knowledge

24 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 3
Key building blocks to
achieve Vision 2030 -
Relevance
Goal: Student directed
curriculum and pedagogy in
sync with the current times

Illustrative example: Focus on labor market needs in Germany

enrolling in pre-vocational or vocational programs. Most of 25- to 64-year-olds in Germany
have attained vocational training at either the upper secondary or the post-secondary
level. Aided by competitiveness infused in its economy by this well-trained workforce,
Germany was able to hold its line on unemployment during the 2008 economic crisis with
employment rates increasing by 3%–7%, while in OECD there was an average decrease of
1%–3% across different levels of qualification.

Ethiopia, with a VET enrolment growth rate of ~30% is also on a path to develop an advanced
vocational education system.

Source: OECD country note–Germany (2014); International Growth Centre report on Ethiopia (2013); World Bank database

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 25

 4
Governance
Key challenge: Input based
regulatory and governance
framework

India’s linguistic, socio-cultural and geographic diversities add Challenges in governance of school education are exemplified
to the complexity of the Indian K-12 education system, which by low quality of school leadership, teacher vacancy and
is further strained by the overregulated and under-governed absence, low administrative capabilities and differential
outlook of the regulators. treatment of private schools with near absence of appraisals
and accountability
Moreover, the policies established by the regulators impose
stringent teaching and non-teaching requirements on private
schools, failing which results in steep penalties. Incidentally,
public schools do not suffer specific and time bound
consequences for similar lapses. These predisposed measures
not only impact the quality of education being imparted by
the schools but also impede the present as well as the future
investment prospects of the segment.

26 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 Complex regulatory framework Lacking regulatory continuity School leadership

Policies at a regional and national level A large proportion of schools still

K-12 education faces regulations at
often change due to the pendulum function without a full-time head
state as well as affiliating body levels.
swings of political cycles breaking master. The proportion varies across
Lack of uniformity in the regulatory
continuity, severely impacting the states and is as high as 80% for
regime, overlapping and ambiguous
outcome of prior measures. The on- government primary schools in Bihar.
regulations, need for various licenses
ground impact of policies is often not In private schools, leadership is more
and multiple approvals hinder the
in sync with their intended purposes. focused on financial performance
smooth functioning of the sector.
By the time a new policy starts making rather than student learning outcomes.
The complex and the time-consuming
impact, we lose yet another generation Moreover, seniority in the system
nature of the segment also dissuades
of students drives promotions in the sector and
some long term visionary investors
minimal weightage is given to the
presence of the required capabilities
and skill sets. Additionally, with no
dedicated administrative staff, teachers
and principals are burdened with
administrative responsibilities, leaving
little time for teaching and lesson
planning. Diversion of school staff for
various governmental work such as
census, elections also depletes focus

Source: U-DISE report 2015-16

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 27

Good governance can bring schools out of isolation and promote the implementation of innovate ideas for tackling issues. An open
and transparent governance system that places equal importance on student rights and schools’ sustainability can also reduce
potential conflicts. The entire school community together with its external stakeholders and favorable regulations will help students
develop to the best of their potential, ensuring minimum level of competence.

“97% of the respondents believe that great principal is an

essential ingredient to making a school successful” – Survey Simplify rules and regulations
conducted in the US

• Ambiguous rules and regulations should be replaced and

Focus on developing school leadership an enabling framework should be developed based on self-
regulation and disclosures.
• Regular training programs should be conducted to equip • A centralized repository should be developed to house all
principals. rules and regulations governing the segment.
• Leaders should be selected based on administrative merit, • Swifter system of seeking approvals (possibly single
not just seniority levels. window clearance) should be implemented
• An education-focused cadre should be introduced for
strategic thinking and guiding policy development. Create differentiated governance structure

Increase accountability and transparency • Increased autonomy for top-performing schools

• Play a steering role for mid-performing schools

• School ratings should be based on student outcomes. • External intervention to enable low-performing schools
• There should be periodic goals broken down into achievable
targets and progress should be measured.
Encourage community engagement
• Robust data systems will enable efficient policy-making and
resource allocation.
• Parents should be involved through regular school
management committee meetings.

• Funds should be mobilized from the community to upgrade

school infrastructure.

• There should be regular social audits.

28 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 4
Key building blocks to
achieveVision 2030 -
Governance
Goal: Self regulated, simplified
governance system

Illustrative Example: New Zealand is using improved governance structures to enhance

efficiency
New Zealand started transfer of decision-making authority and management
responsibilities to schools in 1988. In 2007, only one-forth of the decisions were taken
centrally, while three-fourth were taken by lower secondary levels. According to PISA, 68%
of students in New Zealand study in schools where school principals observe instruction in
classrooms, compared to the OECD average of 50%, and 98% of them use student results
to develop the school’s educational goals. Also, programs to assist in the development
of school leadership skills are freely available for new/first-time principals and those who
aspire to become one.

Source: Survey by Bain & Company, “U.S. school systems miss the mark for developing talent into leadership roles, Dec 2013”;
Education Policy Outlook: New Zealand (June 2013)

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 29

 Some measures
have the potential
to radically
transform our
education system
but need careful
experimentation

30 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 1
Establish different genres of schools
through diverse investment routes

Universalize education until grade 8 based on pre-defined

learning outcomes that focus on life skills besides literacy and
numeracy; set up different genres of schools (after grade 10th
/8th ) based on their end objectives leading to a better match
between the education imparted and the aspiration of the
learners.

Vocational school Academic oriented Schools focusing on Globally positioned

Enhancing employment schools: Delivering high inclusive development: schools: Offering
prospects of the order learning across Providing the best of knowledge based on the
students post K-12 disciplines for gifted academic and extra- global standards
through integration of students curricular activities
skill development and
education

Governance of each genre of school to be different to enable them to meet their charter.

Encourage different funding sources to promote investments, increase supply and enable competition

• Government funding and government owned; operated by Govt. or under PPP

• Schools promoted or adopted by Charities and philanthropy

• Incentivizing exemplary performers to increase supply for setting-up for-profit schools with long-term investments

Provide autonomy to both independent Encourage students to make diverse

2 and government schools based on self-

regulatory framework 3 subject combinations at secondary
level

• Replace the present set of ambiguous and overlapping • Follow an a-la-carte approach to learning wherein students
regulations with a simple regulatory framework that is based have the flexibility to choose subjects they are interested in
on transparency and self-regulation
• Adopt an interdisciplinary approach enabling better
• Establish a third-party independent rating framework for all synchronization between K-12 and higher education
schools opportunities

• Mandate differentiated regulation based on the school’s

performance, both in the private and the government sector

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 31

32 | Vision for School Education 3.0
About FICCI ARISE
FICCI Alliance for Re-Imaging School Education (FICCI ARISE)

FICCI ARISE is a collegium of members representing various facets of the education ecosystem who have come
together to promote the need of quality education for all and the role independent schools can play in achieving
this. The primary focus of the alliance is defining norms for standards and transparency, augmenting quality
for 21st century readiness, ensuring policy advocacy and facilitating capacity building and access. The
alliance advocates for a progressive policy environment that brings together public and independent schools to
achieve Universal Quality Education in India.

FICCI ARISE endeavours to unify the sectors’ voice at states and national level.

We have a national footprint through our National Committee and five Regional Committees. Our members and
affiliates are education experts and represent leading schools, industry associations, consulting firms, think
tanks, and foundations.

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 33

 About EY’s
Education sector
practice

34 | Vision for School Education 3.0

Education is a focus sector for EY. We provide strong of the education sector in India. The firm’s clients include
capabilities as advisors in this sector through a dedicated team government bodies, reputed Indian and international
of sector professionals. Our team combines deep insights educational institutions, industry bodies, private equity funds,
with strong practical operational experience to provide and corporate houses interested in the education space.
implementable solutions that lead to tangible and sustained
EY’s education-centric research and analysis is encapsulated in
value creation.
a range of education thought leadership reports that are widely
EY’s Education practice has successfully completed numerous quoted by sector professionals.
assignments over the last several years, covering all aspects

Our services
We provide end-to-end solutions to suit the requirements of clients from all segments of the industry. The following is a snapshot of
our services:

Pre-entry Establishment Growth Stability

• M
► arket landscaping • B
► usiness planning • Growth strategy • B
► usiness process
improvement
• E
► ntry strategy formulation • Franchisee strategy • Organization structuring
• Performance management
• Feasibility study • Marketing strategy • I► nternal audit
• C
► SR
• Location assessment • P
► roject management • Marketing and Advertising
spend review • C
► ompliance reviews
• Regulatory insight • Industry-focused program
development • I► nternational expansion • Strategic cost management
• Structuring for fund-raising
strategy
• Approval assistance
• Forms of presence
• S
► tandard operating
• I► nbound investment
• Tax exemptions procedures
structuring
• Commercial / operational • Expatriate taxation
• Assistance in entity
diligence
structuring • E
► mployment taxes
• JV/strategic partner search
• V
► aluation and business • General mobility/visas
modeling
• Representation before
• S
► tatutory/Audit Indian statutory and fiscal
authorities
• F
► inancial reporting analysis
• F
► und raising and M&A
• C
► orporate governance
advisory
• E
► RP advisory
• Transaction support

• C
► orporate finance strategy

Contact

Sailesh Rao Suchindra Kumar Satbir S Sidhu

Partner Director Vice President
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 35

 Acknowledgements

Ms. Shobha Mishra Ghosh,

Senior Director, FICCI

Mr. Sushil Dutt Salwan,

Trustee, Salwan Education Trust

Mr. Vedant Khaitan,

Trustee, The Khaitan School, Noida

Mr Anirudh Khaitan,
Vice Chairman, Khaitan Public School

EY team FICCI team

Aprajita Handa
Sabina A Sehgal
Arpit Mehra
Mallika Marwah
Devanjali Dutt

36 | Vision for School Education 3.0

 Glossary

ASER Annual Status of Education Report

B.Ed. Bachelor of Education

D.Ed. Diploma in Education

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GER Gross Enrolment Ratio

ICT Information and Communication Technologies

K-12 Kindergarten to 12th grade

NAS National Achievement Survey

NCERT The National Council of Educational Research and Training

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

OoSC Out Of School Children

PISA Programme for International Student Assessment

PPP Public Private Partnership

RTE Right to Education

SC Scheduled Caste

ST Scheduled Tribe

UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization

VET Vocational Education and Training

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 37

38 | Vision for School Education 3.0
Our offices
Ahmedabad Delhi NCR Kolkata
2nd floor, Shivalik Ishaan Golf View Corporate Tower B 22 Camac Street
Near C.N. Vidhyalaya Sector 42, Sector Road 3rd Floor, Block ‘C’
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Ahmedabad - 380 015 Tel: + 91 124 464 4000 Tel: + 91 33 6615 3400
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1st Floor, SCO: 166-167 Jamshedpur Pune - 411 006
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Chandigarh - 160 009 Holding No. 1, SB Shop Area Fax: + 91 20 6601 5900
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BSNL: +91 657 223 0441
Chennai
Tidel Park, 6th & 7th Floor Kochi
A Block (Module 601,701-702) 9th Floor, ABAD Nucleus
No.4, Rajiv Gandhi Salai NH-49, Maradu PO
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Tel: + 91 44 6654 8100 Tel: + 91 484 304 4000
Fax: + 91 44 2254 0120 Fax: + 91 484 270 5393

Vision for School Education 3.0 | 39

Ernst & Young LLP About FICCI
EY | Assurance | Tax | Transactions | Advisory Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Industry Established in 1927, FICCI is the largest
About EY
and oldest apex business organisation in India. Its
EY is a global leader in assurance, tax, transaction and
history is closely interwoven with India’s struggle for
advisory services. The insights and quality services we
deliver help build trust and confidence in the capital independence, its industrialization, and its emergence
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to all of our stakeholders. In so doing, we play a critical is the voice of India’s business and industry. From
role in building a better working world for our people, for influencing policy to encouraging debate, engaging with
our clients and for our communities.
policy makers and civil society, FICCI articulates the
EY refers to the global organization, and may refer to one views and concerns of industry. It serves its members
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