SHS GRADE

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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Solving Real- Life Problems
Involving Functions: Week 4

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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to help you solve problems involving functions
bearing in mind that you already know how to represent real – life situation using functions
including piece-wise functions, evaluate functions and perform operations on functions.
These skills will aid you in attaining success on this module.

Solving problems involving functions is essential in predicting values that will help in
decision making process. This module covers varied situations that can be seen in real life
such as travel fares, monthly bills sales and the like. It is hoped that upon exploring this
learning kit you will find the eager and enthusiasm in completing the task required. Best of
luck!

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. represent situations as functions and evaluate functions to determine the

required quantity
2. apply concepts learned in solving real-life problems involving functions 3. solve
problems involving functions

Lesson
Solving Real-Life Problems
1 Involving Functions

Majority of the problems we encounter in real life situation involve relationship between two
quantities where one quantity depends on another. For example, personnel in Department of
Health observes the number of persons infected by a particular virus in a certain community
increases with time. In finding out the exact function relating to the number of persons
infected to time, modelling can be used. Once the model is determined solving and
predicting the properties of the subject being studied can be done. At this point we will focus
on solving in order for us to predict answer to existing problems.

What’s In

YES I CAN!

Listed below are the skills and competencies you should possess before proceeding to this
lesson. Read the statements and assess yourself whether you agree or disagree with the
statements.

Statement Agree Disagree

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 1. I can carefully read and analyze a given problem

2. I can determine the given and the facts required in a problem

3. I can represent real – life situation using function, including

piece –wise function

4. I can perform operations on functions

5. I can evaluate functions

• If you agree with all the statements that means you are very much ready with this module,
however if there are some statements where you disagree that means you need to have a
quick review of the previous lesson that will aid you in gaining success in this lesson.
Let us take a quick tour to what you learn in the previous modules

1. Being able to understand a problem presented is the first thing that we learn on how
to solve problems in Mathematics. Careful reading leads you to thorough analysis in the
identification of given facts and in determining the required or the unknown quantity.
Precise label of the known and unknown quantities will help you set up a direction
towards the solution.

2. A function is a rule of correspondence between two non-empty sets, such that to

each element of the first set called domain, there corresponds one and only one element
of the second set called range.

3. Functions are used to model real life situations and in representing real – life
situations the quantity of one variable depends or corresponds to or mapped onto another
quantity.

4. Piece-wise function are functions that may be represented by a combination or of

equations.

5. If a function f is defined by y = f(x) and an independent variable x is found by

substituting x into the function rule then it undergoes a process of evaluating function.
Moreover, you also studied fundamental operation can be applied to two or more
functions to form a new function. Such operations are addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.

Consider the examples below and reflect if you are confident enough to proceed

1. Write a function C that represent the cost of buying x facemask, if a facemask cost
₱65.00
C(x) = 65x

2. A commuter pays ₱ 9.00 for a jeepney fare for the first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75
for every succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as function

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 F(d) = 9, if 0<d<5
F(d) = 9 + 0.75(d) , if d>5

3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6, evaluate: a. f(4) b. f(-2) c. f(-x)

Solution: a. (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6 b. (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6 c. (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6 f(4) = 4+ 6

𝑓(−2) = (−2) + 6 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑥 + 6 f(4) = 10 𝑓(−2) = 4

4.Le 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3t and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2. Find a. (3) + (−2) b. 𝑓(4) − 𝑔(0)

(9)
c. (𝑥) ∙ (𝑥) d.
(8)
Solution:
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
(3) = 3 + 3 (−2) = (−2) − 2
(3) = 6 (−2) = −4
(3) + (−2) = 6 + (−4)
(3) + (−2) = 2

b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
(4) = 4 + 3 (0) = 0 − 2
(4) = 7 (0) = −2
(4) − (0) = 7 − (−2)
(4) − (0) = 9

c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
(𝑥) ∙ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
(𝑥) ∙ (𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6

d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
(9) = 9 + 3 (8) = 8 − 2
(9) = 12 (8) = 6
(9) 12
= =2
(8) 6

What’s New

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 JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?

Read and analyze the problem below.

Miguel is a senior high school student who commutes from home to school which is 15 km
apart. There are two modes of transportation the first one is through jeep and the other one is
through tricycle. In riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00 for the first 4 km travel and ₱0.75
for each additional kilometer. Meanwhile in riding a tricycle the fare would be ₱10.00 for
the first km travel and ₱1 for each additional kilometer.

Will you help Miguel analyze his situation?

Questions

1. If you are Miguel and decided to ride in a jeepney, how much will be your fare?
_____________________________________________________________
Hint: You may use the table below to compute the fare

No. of km 0-4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15
Amount charge 9 9+ 9.75+
0.75 0.75

2. If you decided to ride in a tricycle how much will be your fare? ____________
Hint: You may use the strategy in no. 2

3. What characteristics does Miguel possess if he chose to ride a jeepney?

_______________________________________________________________

4. Is there any advantage in riding a jeepney instead of tricycle? Or riding a tricycle

instead of jeepney? What would it be?
___________________________________________________________________
________
5. If you are Miguel which between the two modes of transportation will you choose?
Why? ____________________________________________________

What is It

Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we wake- up we start to
decide the proper action to undertake be it minor or major decisions. In the problem
presented one of the factors that Miguel can use in making decision about the dilemma he is
facing is the cost of the fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he will only
pay ₱17.25 however if he will ride a tricycle, he needs to pay ₱24.00 So it will be more
economical if he chose to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the fare is just one of the
factors. There are times that convenience is also considered in choosing the mode of
transportation since it is not crowded and you can reach your destination faster. Therefore,

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in deciding the mode of transportation the priority of the commuters whether to be more
economical or to meet convenience is considered.

In the previous problem we determine the cost of the fare by using a table wherein we
repeatedly add the fare charge per kilometer. Thus, this type of problem can be solved using
functions, and at this point let us determine how we are going to do that.

Example no. 1

LET’S TRAVEL

A proposed Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would charge ₱18.00 for the first
four stations and ₱5.00 for each additional station over the proposed fare.

a. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of stations traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15 stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20 stations
To solve problems that involve functions you can employ George Polya’s 4-step rule.

George Polya’s 4 – Step Rule

1. Explore. This step involves careful reading, analyzing, identifying the

given and unknown facts in the problem and expressing the unknown in
terms of variables.
2. Plan. In this step writing an equation that describes the relationships
between or among the variables is involve.
3. Solve. This step requires working out with the written equation and other
number relations to determine the required quantities that answer the
question in the problem.
4. Check. The final step that employ the use of other approaches to examine
the appropriateness of the answer.

Solution

a. Explore. Since the first step involves analysis and proper labeling of the known and
unknown facts we will let x = number of stations traveled. There are also some
conditions that was set in the problem such as the cost of fare which is set up to 4
stations only thus we can represent x – 4 = number of stations traveled over and
above 4 stations
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 Plan. In writing an equation that will represent the relationship between the known
and unknown quantities, since we know that if we travelled up to 4 stations we
must pay P18, we can represent it as f(x) = 18 for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4

However, if we travelled more than 4 stations the cost of the fare have different
method of computation so we need to consider it. Since the cost of every station
after the 4th station is ₱5.00 we will now obtain f(x) = 18 + 5(x – 4)

Now simplifying the equation will lead us

to: f(x) = 18 + 5x – 20 f(x) = 5x – 2

At this point we can say that the fare function is f(x) = 5x - 2

b. Solve. To find the fare charge for 15 stations the fare function f(x) = 5x -2
will be used and 15 will be substituted to the function f(15) = 5(15) – 2
= 73
By evaluating the function we obtained f(15) = 73

Check. To check whether we arrived at the correct solution you can use table or
graph.
Thus. the proposed fare for 15-station travel is ₱73.00

c. f(20) = 5 (20) – 2
= 98

The proposed fare for 20 – station travel is ₱98

Example no. 2

BINGE WATCH
Lucena Network charges ₱450.00 monthly cable connection fee plus ₱130.00 for each
hour of pay-per-view (PPV) event regardless of a full hour or a fraction of an hour.

a. Find payment function f(x) where x represents the number of PPV hours.
b. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV events?
c. What is the monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour of PPV events?
Solution:

a. ₱450.00 = fixed monthly cable connection fee

Let x = number of PPV hours in a month
₱130.00(x) = amount of PPV payment in a specific hour
The payment function is f(x) = 450 + 130(x).

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 b. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours PPV events can be represented
by 24 < x ≤ 25. f(x) = 450 + 130(x).
f(25) = 450 + 130(25)
= 450 + 3,250
= 3,750
The monthly bill of a customer who watched 25 hours of PPV event is ₱3,750.00

c. The monthly bill of a customer who watched 0.5 hour PPV events can be represented
by 0 < x ≤ 1 and since the problem states that regardless of a full hour or a fraction of
an hour the additional charge will be made on hourly basis only, thus the value of x
will be 1
f(x) = Php 450.00 + Php 130.00(x).
f(1) = Php 450.00 + Php 130.00(1)
= Php 450.00 + Php 130.00

= Php 580.00

What’s More

Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of your paper.

Independent Practice 1

Business As Usual

Bakers’ Club is trying to raise funds by selling premium chocolate chip cookies in a
school fair. The variable cost to make each cookie is ₱15.00 and it is being sold for
₱25.00 So far the organization has already shelled out ₱790.00 for the cookie sale

a. Find the profit function P(x) where x represents the number of cookies sold
Hint: Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
Total Revenue = Price per unit x quantity sold
Total Cost = Total variable cost + fixed cost
____________________________________________________________

b. If 146 cookies were sold, how much is the total profit?

_______________________________________________________________

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 c. How many cookies must be made and sold to break even?
Hint: Break even point is the zero of P(x)
_______________________________________________________________

d. How many cookie should be sold to gain a profit of ₱250.00?

______________________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 1

Baker’s Nook
Elisha just opened a bakery along Macalintal Avenue which sells fresh doughnuts. The
selling price is ₱20.00 per doughnut and the cost of

making it is ₱8.00 The daily operating expense is ₱600.00.

a. Find the profit function P(x) where x represent the number of doughnuts sold.

b. If 100 doughnuts were sold, what is the total profit?

c. How many doughnuts must be made and sold to break even?
d. How many doughnuts should be sold to gain a profit of

What I Can Do

You wanted to join a booth fair, and you are aiming to get a profit that is twice as your
capital. Your starting capital is ₱15,000.00. Make a financial plan for the booth that you will
set up and the product that you will sell. You may use the sample plan below:

FINANCIAL PLAN

Product: _________________________

Description of product: ________________________

Goal: _____________________________________

Capital: ₱15,000.00

Fixed Cost (Labor, Machineries, Expenses for the booth etc): _______

Variable Cost (Materials, Ingredients, etc):9____________

Profit function: ___________________

Prove that profit function will yield an amount that is twice the capital
 ___________________________________________

Rubrics for the Task

Categories Excellent Fair Poor

3 2 1

Budgeting
Excellent Little to no
Some understanding in
understanding in understanding in
creating a plan for
creating a plan for creating a plan for
spending the money
spending the money spending the money

Planning The goal set is hard to The goal set is not

The goal set is achieve achievable and not
achievable and realistic
realistic

Accuracy of The computation in The computation in

Solution obtaining the desired obtaining the desired There is no attempt in
profit using the profit profit using the profit computing the desired
function is correct function has flaws profit using the profit
function

References

Santos, Durwin C. & Biason Ma. Garnet P., Math Activated: Engage Yourself and
Our World General Math. (Makati City, Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2016)
21 - 27

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Orines, Fernando B., Next Century Mathematics. (Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House,
2016) 48 – 54
Orines, Fernando B, Espargo, Mirla S. Reyes, Nestor V., Advanced Algebra,
Trigonometry and Statistics (Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.,1999)130

Checked by :

Mr. Antonio D. Basco Mr.Roberto Francisco

Principal Principal
JPI San Jose JPI Sta. Maria

Mr. Roldan Liwanag Mrs. Virginia Guilinao

Principal Principal
JPI Plaridel JPI Muzon

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