IELTS WRITING TEST

IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

Try this process diagram question about the manmade process of hydroelectricity.

The diagram shows how electricity is generated by a hydroelectric dam.

Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer explaining how the process works.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The diagram illustrates the basic principles of hydroelectric power. The process requires the
construction of a large dam connected to a powerhouse. The dam creates a large reservoir and
the powerhouse is where the electricity is generated.

First of all, water trapped in the reservoir behind the dam is forced through an intake. It then
flows into a narrow chamber called a penstock, where the resulting high pressure turns a
turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator in the powerhouse above, and this is where the
movement of the turbine is converted into electricity. The resulting electricity leaves the
powerhouse via cables that carry it over long distances to where it can be used.

It is interesting to note that a hydroelectric dam creates no harmful byproducts and relies entirely
on natural forces to produce electricity. After the turbine stage, water flows out through a second
channel and into a river. The process is renewable, thanks to the water cycle in nature.
(163 words, IELTS 8.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task achievement: The introduction paraphrases the question and describes the constituent
parts of the process. The body describes each stage of the process in sequence.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer has an introduction, body and conclusion.
Sequencing expressions such as first of all, then and after are used appropriately. The articles a
and the are used effectively to introduce and refer back to different elements of the process.

Lexical resource: The labels in the diagram are well integrated into the model answer and
appropriate verbs such as converted, flows and leaves are used throughout. Less-common words
such as byproducts and renewable are introduced by the writer. Spelling is always accurate.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The writer uses the present simple tense and has good
control of subject-verb agreement and active/passive forms. A good balance of simple and
complex sentences is used throughout.

Teacher’s Notes

This IELTS Writing Task 1 question asks you to describe a process.

Usually the process diagram will include some technical vocabulary. The challenge is how well
you can integrate the vocabulary into a coherent report. The examiner is also looking at how you
use sequencing expressions to show the order of events. Finally, remember that most processes
happen at any time, so use only the present simple tense.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

You might see a line graph like this one in Task 1. The ability to describe changes over time is a
key skill in line graph tasks.

The diagram shows the consumption of renewable energy in the USA from 1949-2008.

Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer identifying the main trends and making
comparisons where relevant.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The line graph shows growth in the consumption of renewable energy during the period 1949-
2008 in the USA. The results are also broken down by source.

The first thing to note is that renewable energy use more than doubled over the period, with
particularly strong growth in biofuels. This sector did not exist in 1980 but experienced a steep
rise during the 2000s to over one quadrillion Btu per year. This made biofuels a serious
challenger to both wood and hydroelectric power, which both saw only limited growth overall.
The former grew steadily between 1975 and 1985, but then slipped back to around its original
level of 1.8 quadrillion Btu. The latter began the period at the same level as wood but
experienced more substantial growth. However, it also fell back to around 2 quadrillion Btu, with
a particularly sharp drop in the late 1990s.
Finally, wind power emerged late in the period but showed a gradual rise to around 0.5
quadrillion Btu, suggesting that it, along with biofuels, will replace wood and hydroelectricity as
the main sources of renewable every in the future.

(184 words, IELTS 8.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task achievement: The model answer describes the overall trend first, followed by an analysis
of the different energy sources. Numerical evidence is used sparingly to illustrate the trends. The
main trends are used as the basis of a prediction in the final sentence.

Coherence and cohesion: Trends are explained in general terms first, followed by supporting
figures. Some energy sources are grouped together for ease of understanding. It and this are used
throughout as cohesive devices, and the writer uses the former and the latter to refer back to
information in a previous sentence.

Lexical resource: The writer uses a wide range of vocabulary to describe change, including
adjectives and adverbs such as limited, substantial and particularly sharp, and verbs such as
doubled, slipped and emerged.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer is free from grammatical errors.
Sentence forms are complex and include relative clauses and linking words such as with. The
candidate makes use of past, present and future tenses. Punctuation is also used carefully and
accurately throughout.

Teacher’s Notes

A line graph question in IELTS Writing task 1 will typically ask you to
compare the performance of several different things over time, in this case renewable energy
sources. Maximise your score by making good use of reference links such as ‘the former/latter’
and ‘respectively’. Even though you are only supposed to describe what is shown in the graph, a
nice way to end is to make a prediction about the future based on the current trend.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

Bar charts often appear very simple but they can also contain a lot of information. It’s up to you
to decide which information from the bar chart is important enough to go in your answer.

The bar chart shows the relative electricity consumption and cost per year of various
household devices.

Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer explaining the data and making
comparisons where relevant.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The bar chart compares the energy consumption and expense of operating 16 different items of
household equipment. Overall, we can see significant differences in both cost and consumption.

To begin with, there are some common household items which consume relatively little energy.
These include an electric blanket (approx. $10 or 100kwh/year), a microwave oven (approx. $15
or 150kwh/year) and a television (approx. $17 or 170kwh/year).

By contrast, devices that might be classified as ‘luxury’ items such as a pool pump or spa are
comparatively expensive and energy-intensive, at nearly $125 or 1500kwh/year and around $190
or 2225kwh/year respectively.
It is interesting to note that even among household items normally considered alike, such as a
microwave and refrigerator, there are enormous discrepancies in cost and energy use. The former
uses only around $15 or 150kwh/year, while the latter consumes at least six times that amount at
$90 or 1150kwh/year.

In conclusion, it appears that there is no clear pattern in the relative energy consumption of
domestic equipment, although households had better be aware of the high running costs of
luxury items such as a pool pump and spa.

(187 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task achievement: The model answer presents an overall description first, followed by key
supporting details that illustrate the main trend.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer is divided into clear paragraphs and each
paragraph contains one main idea. There are cohesive links between paragraphs. A variety of
reference links are used throughout, including the former, the latter, and respectively.

Lexical resource: The language in the question is effectively paraphrased. Synonyms are
introduced for key concepts such as electricity consumption > energy use and cost > expense.
Some less-common words such as discrepancies and energy-intensive are used.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer is free from grammatical errors.
Sentences tend to consist of multiple clauses. Paragraphs contain a variety of sentence structures.

Teacher’s Note

Don’t panic when you see a lot of things to write about in Task 1, as in
the bar chart above. You won’t lose marks if you omit a few of the items in the bar chart from
your answer. The most important thing is to identify two or three general patterns and write
about these. General patterns could be similar items with similar results. It’s also good to note an
exception. But remember, you don’t need to describe every single item in order to get a high
score.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

This IELTS Task 1 diagram is a great chance to practice your comparing skills. How many
differences can you spot and which differences are most significant?

The diagram shows the skeletal systems of two ancestors of modern human beings.

Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer describing the diagram and making
comparisons where relevant.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

Variations in the skeletal systems of two early types of human are illustrated in this diagram.
Overall, we can see that australopithecus afarensis had a heavier body and much longer arms,
while homo erectus was slimmer and had more developed joints.
To begin with the upper half of the body, australopithecus afarensis had a much broader chest
and waist than homo erectus, giving it a rounder appearance. The former had much longer arms
and larger hands, which would have been useful for climbing trees.

As for the lower half of the body, we can see that homo erectus had proportionately longer legs
and larger hip, knee and ankle joints. The feet of homo erectus were also smaller and more
arched, with shorter toes. These differences meant that homo erectus was better suited to long-
distance running.

In conclusion, we can see significant changes in the development of early humans from the
diagram. Homo erectus is more similar to contemporary human beings with its long legs and
arched feet. The physical differences are clearly related to differences in the lifestyles of tree
climbers and endurance runners.

(183 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task achievement: The model answer selects only the most important information from the
Task 1 diagram and uses this to make several direct comparisons. The model answer also
explains the link between the creatures’ respective lifestyles and their physical differences. The
model answer is more than 150 words.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer is divided into clear paragraphs with a logical
separation between the body paragraphs. There is a general overview in paragraph 1 and a
summary in paragraph 4. A reference link, the former, is used to avoid over-repetition of
complex scientific names.

Lexical resource: The model answer adds more vocabulary not in the diagram such as lifestyle,
proportionately, suited, appearance and contemporary. There are many examples of
paraphrasing including wide > broad and endurance > long-distance.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer uses a range of comparative structures
accurately. The model answer also uses a range of grammatical forms to produce complex
sentences. These include clauses beginning with with, which and -ing forms.

Teacher’s Notes
 You might panic when you see this IELTS Writing Task 1 diagram due to
the number of words. However, it isn’t necessary to describe every feature. Instead, highlight
only the most interesting points for comparison. In this example, we would definitely want to
mention the width of the body and the length of the legs. A high-scoring answer will also include
some kind of overview or general statement. In this case, the physical differences between our
ancestors are clearer connected to their different lifestyles, as mentioned in the headings.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

A cycle diagram is a variation on the process diagram in which the process repeats itself. So it’s
a good idea to make that point in your answer.

The diagram below illustrates the carbon cycle in nature.

Write a 150-word description of this diagram for a university lecturer.

© The National Center for Atmospheric Research

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The diagram shows how carbon moves through various stages to form a complete cycle. This
report will give a brief description of the main stages in this cycle.

First, we can see that energy from the sun is transformed into organic carbon through a process
in plants known as photosynthesis. This organic carbon is then transferred underground when
plants, and the animals that feed on them, die and decay. Some of this carbon is trapped
underground in the form of fossils and fossil fuels.

Carbon is also released back into the atmosphere, however, through various means. One is when
animals and plants respire, and another is when humans burn fossil fuels in cars and factories.
All this carbon enters the atmosphere as CO2. It is then reabsorbed by plants, and the cycle
begins again.

Overall, we can see that carbon moves in a natural cycle, although human factors may now be
affecting the balance.

(154 words, IELTS 8.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task achievement: The model answer selects and describes most components of the cycle
diagram except for waste products and ocean uptake. There is an overall description of the cycle
followed by a clearly sequenced and divided description of the stages. The summary identifies
something noteworthy about the diagram. The length is sufficient.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer is divided into clear paragraphs with a logical
separation between the body paragraphs and connective markers first, then, however, and
overall. There is a general overview in paragraph 1 and a summary in paragraph 4. Referencing
techniques such as ellipsis (one is…) are used to avoid over-repetition of key words.

Lexical resource: The writer makes good use of the language in the cycle diagram and is also
able to change forms in the case of respiration > respire. The writer also introduces a range of
verbs for describing a process or cycle such as transform, transfer and release.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer uses a wide range of forms accurately
including countable/uncountable nouns, active/passive structures, and transitive/intransitive
verbs.

Teacher’s Notes
 Cycle diagrams are almost always natural processes: nature is one big
wheel after all. Usually you will find that the labels on the diagram contains lots of unfamiliar
scientific nouns. If you think you know the verb forms, then use them as this will definitely
contribute to a higher score. Otherwise you’ll have to rely on phrases such as “in a process
known as Animal Respiration”.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

Today’s example of a process diagram is just for fun. It’s unlikely that you would be asked to
describe a process this difficult in the real test!

The illustration below shows the process of tying a bow tie.

Write a report explaining to a university lecturer how to tie his bow tie.

Write at least 150 words.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The diagram illustrates how to knot a bow tie in eight stages.

To begin with, the tie should be placed around the neck, with one end slightly longer than the
other. Then place the longer end over the other and pass it upwards and behind the point where
the two ends cross.

Next, take the other end of the tie and bend it twice to form an ‘S’ shape. Bring the longer end
down and in front, so that it holds the ‘S’ curve in place. Now comes the trickiest part of the
process. Take the long end of the tie and form a similar ‘S’ shape before passing it through the
narrow gap behind the other end. This creates a knot and the bow should now be held securely in
place.

Finally, adjust both sides of the bow to make it symmetrical and prepare to be the envy of your
friends.

(152 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task achievement: The model answer fully satisfies all requirements of the task by describing
each stage in the process.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer uses a range of sequencing expressions to describe
the order in which the actions should be carried out. The answer is divided into several
paragraphs for ease of understanding, with the inclusion of a general sentence – Now comes the
trickiest part of the process – to aid coherence.

Lexical resource: A range of appropriate vocabulary is introduced, including action verbs such
as knot, bend, pass and adjust.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The correct forms – imperatives, modals – are used to give
instructions. Sentence patterns vary and are always grammatically accurate.

Teacher’s Notes
 As I mentioned in my introduction above, this IELTS Writing Task 1
question is not entirely serious. It would be quite shocking to have to describe a process like this
one in the real exam. It does illustrate a serious point though. Almost every diagram in IELTS
Writing Task 1 contains some vocabulary in the form of labels. The vocabulary is there to help
you, not to make the task more complex. So be grateful for all those labels!
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

A map diagram in IELTS Writing Task 1 is likely to be a before/after street plan that requires
you to compare past and present. In this case, however, it’s present and future that you need to
compare.

The diagram shows proposed changes to Foster Road.

Write a 150-word report describing the proposed changes for a local committee.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The diagram shows proposals to transform Foster Road between SE 84th and 85th Avenue into a
tree-lined avenue that is safer for pedestrians and cyclists.

First of all, the planners propose to widen the sidewalk on both sides of the road and add bicycle
lanes. This will mean reducing the number of lanes for cars and other vehicles. A pedestrian
crossing will also be installed at the lower end of the street, near the gas station. This crossing
will include an island in the middle where people can wait in safety.

In addition to the safety measures above, planners also want to plant trees along both sides of the
road. These trees will transform the appearance of the neighbourhood as well as provide vital
extra shade for pedestrians.

To summarise, under these proposals, the needs of local residents will be better served by
making Foster Road a safer and more pleasant environment.

(152 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task achievement: The candidate writes at least 150 words and describes all of the proposed
changes. The changes are summarised at the beginning and end, and described in detail in the
body of the report. The changes are connected to their function and their location on the map is
also clearly described.

Coherence and cohesion: The body of the report is divided into two paragraphs, one describing
the changes that will improve safety, and another describing changes that will improve the
environment. These paragraphs are clearly linked (“In addition to the safety measures above,
…”). There are several uses of reference links such as this and these to refer back to a previous
sentence.

Lexical resource: The candidate introduces relevant vocabulary not on the original maps such as
pedestrian, cyclist, measures, and tree-lined. The candidate transforms certain words as in
proposed > proposal and installation > installed. There are no spelling mistakes.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer includes a range of complex sentence
structures. Tense is always used correctly to show that the changes will occur in the future. There
are no grammatical errors.

Teacher’s Notes
 When describing changes to a map in IELTS Writing Task 1, you will
usually start by comparing the diagrams, identify four or five changes that seem important, and
write about these. But it’s worth taking 1-2 minutes first to reflect on why the changes are
significant and if there is a common theme or themes. Being able to identify a common theme or
tendency is one way to get a high score for Task Achievement.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

A natural process diagram is another common question type in IELTS Writing Task 1. Here’s an
example of one with nine stages that really challenges you to describe the whole process in just
150 words.

The diagram shows the growth cycle of a volcanic island. Write a 150-word report for a
university lecturer describing the main features of the cycle.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Model Answer

The diagram illustrates a natural process in which a volcanic island grows from beneath the sea,
explodes, and then eventually sinks to become an underwater reef. The process is divided into
nine stages.
In the first two stages, called the ‘preshield’ and ‘protoshield’ stages, a mountain gradually
builds under the surface of the sea. In the third or ‘explosive’ phase, hydro-explosions occur
which deposit a cone of ash. A large number of cinder cones then pile up to form a ‘shield’ on
top of the volcano.

This shield gradually erodes and subsides to form reefs below the surface of the sea. However,
there may be ongoing volcanic activity including lava flows. By the time of the ‘coral atoll’
stage, the original form of the volcano has disappeared, and the whole structure sinks further
under the sea during the ‘guyot’ stage.

In summary, huge volcanoes rise and fall under the sea in a natural process known as the
volcanic island growth cycle.

(194 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 1 answer get an IELTS band 9 score?

Task achievement: The candidate describes a complex nine-part natural process in fewer than
200 words by grouping some stages together and leaving out small details where possible. The
introduction includes an overall description that clearly signals what the body of the report will
contain.

Coherence and cohesion: The body of the report groups the natural process into two paragraphs
rather than attempt to describe each of the nine stages separately. Events are clearly sequenced
and summarised.

Lexical resource: The candidate uses vocabulary from the diagram but transforms it where
necessary to fit a sentence: erosion > erodes; subsidence > subsides. The model answer also
introduces other relevant vocabulary not in the diagram such as deposits, surface and structure.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The candidate writes in complex sentences using
conjunctions and relative pronouns. Most of the sentences have multiple clauses. There are no
grammatical mistakes. In addition to the present simple tense, the present perfect tense is used to
show how events are related in time: the original form of the volcano has disappeared.

Teacher’s Notes
 This natural process diagram includes nine stages, which are difficult to
describe in detail in so few words. Therefore, you should take this opportunity to practice
grouping stages together and summarising where possible. It’s not a good idea to write nine
sentences to describe each of the nine stages. You will simply not have the time. Writing skills
like grouping and summarising will come in very handy in the real test.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Question

A table of data is a familiar sight in IELTS Writing Task 1. Try this example which looks at
student funding in the US. A sample answer follows below. 

The table below shows the primary funding sources of international students in the US
during the years 2003/04 and 2013/14. Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer
describing the data and make comparisons where relevant.

IELTS Writing Task 1: Sample Answer

The table shows how international students in the US funded their studies in the years 2003/04
and 2013/14. Overall, there was a noticeable trend towards sponsorship by foreign governments,
foreign universities, and current employers over the ten-year period.

First of all, the period 2003/04 to 2013/14 witnessed a significant rise in the number of
international students in the US, from 572,509 to 886,052, a rise of more than 50%. Given the
large increase, were there any changes in how foreign students paid for their studies?

The table shows that the two main funding sources were ‘Personal and Family’ and ‘US College
or University’, which together accounted for 90% of funding in 2003/2004. However, taken
together, these two sources had dropped to 84% by 2013/14.
At the same time, there was substantial growth in the numbers of students funded by ‘Foreign
Government or University’ and ‘Current Employer’, which saw increases of 383% and 390%
respectively. Even though they still accounted for only a small minority of funding, both sources
became more important to foreign students during the period.

(177 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why Does This Task 1 Answer Get IELTS 9.0?

Task achievement: The sample answer identifies a major point of interest in the data and
supports this with relevant figures from the table.

Coherence and cohesion: The sample answer is organised into paragraphs which are connected
logically. There is an overall description at the beginning and end of the answer.

Lexical resource: The sample answer uses vocabulary appropriate to comparing data such as
‘accounted for’ and ‘witnessed a significant rise’. Native-like collocation is used throughout the
model answer.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The sample answer includes many examples of complex
sentences that combine a main point with supporting evidence in two clauses.

Teacher’s Note

This IELTS Writing Task 1 answer is a great example of how a focus on

one particular trend can result in a high impact and high score. The writer identifies a growth in
two funding sources and uses this as the whole basis of the report. Notice how it’s repeated in the
introduction, body and conclusion. When describing a table in Task 1, it’s easy to become ‘lost
in data’. Highlight the one trend that sticks out and make it the basis of your answer.
IELTS Writing Task 2 Question

Try this opinion essay question about the cost of space exploration. It’s best to state a clear
opinion for or against in your introduction. 

Space exploration is much too expensive and the money should be spent on more important
things.

What is your opinion?

IELTS Writing Task 2 Model Answer

There is an argument that exploring space is a waste of money and that there are more urgent
needs to be addressed on earth, such as reducing poverty and preventing environmental
destruction. However, I completely disagree with this opinion for two reasons.

First of all, many of the technologies we take for granted today were originated thanks to space
research. Take satellite technology, for example, which we depend on for broadcasting and
weather forecasting. Without satellites, we would not be able to follow global events as they
happen, nor give populations any warning of approaching storms. Space research has also led to
the development of new lightweight materials that offer us heat protection and enable food
preservation. Therefore, the challenge of sending human beings into space has often driven the
development of new technologies that benefit our everyday lives.

Second, we cannot foresee the distant future, so we ought to develop the capability to escape
from the earth. Gradually, we are learning how humans can survive for long periods in space and
even travel to other planets in the future. If space exploration is halted, this valuable knowledge
will never be acquired. It is true that environmental destruction is also a serious issue, but it is
also true that we remain dependent on our environment if we never accept the challenge of
exploring other worlds.

In conclusion, while we undoubtedly face serious problems on our own planet, it is imperative
that we continue to explore space. This will promote further technological advances as well as
provide a possible means of escape should earth become uninhabitable in future. Ideally, all
nations should cooperate in the advancement of space research.

(278 words, IELTS 8.5)

Why does this Task 2 answer get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task response: The introduction effectively paraphrases the question and presents a clear
opinion. The writer’s opinion is supported in the body of the essay. Concrete examples are given.
The conclusion restates the writer’s opinion and ends with a recommendation.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer is divided into clear paragraphs and each body
paragraph contains one main idea. There are cohesive links between all paragraphs and between
most sentences.

Lexical resource: The key concept of space exploration is paraphrased several times. There are
many words characteristic of academic writing such as originated, imperative, and foresee.
Vocabulary is used with a strong awareness of collocation: take for granted, develop the
capability, accept the challenge.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer is free from grammatical errors. A good
balance of simple and complex sentences is used to develop an argument. Verb tenses vary, and
other grammatical devices such as conditionals and modals are used with high accuracy.

Teacher’s Notes

This IELTS Writing task simply asks you to give your opinion, which
appears to be a very open question. As you have just 40 minutes to write your opinion essay, it is
best to state a clear opinion in the first paragraph and stick to it, rather than try to deliver a more
complex or nuanced answer. Use each body paragraph to add supporting points and restate your
opinion in the final paragraph to provide a satisfying conclusion.
IELTS Writing Task 2: Question

Try this argument essay question about access to a university education. It’s very important that
you write a balanced argument before giving your opinion.

It is sometimes argued that too many students go to university, while others claim that a
university education should be a universal right.

Discuss both sides of the argument and give your own opinion.

IELTS Writing Task 2: Model Answer

In some advanced countries, it is not unusual for more than 50% of young adults to attend
college or university. Critics, however, claim that many university courses are worthless and
young people would be better off gaining skills in the workplace. In this essay, I will examine
both sides of this argument and try to reach a conclusion.

There are several reasons why young people today believe they have the right to a university
education. First, growing prosperity in many parts of the world has increased the number of
families with money to invest in their children’s future. At the same time, falling birthrates mean
that one- or two-child families have become common, increasing the level of investment in each
child. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that young people are willing to let their families support
them until the age of 21 or 22. Furthermore, millions of new jobs have been created in
knowledge industries, and these jobs are typically open only to university graduates.

However, it often appears that graduates end up in occupations unrelated to their university
studies. It is not uncommon for an English literature major to end up working in sales, or an
engineering graduate to retrain as a teacher, for example. Some critics have suggested that young
people are just delaying their entry into the workplace, rather than developing professional skills.
A more serious problem is that the high cost of a university education will mean that many
families are reluctant to have more than one child, exacerbating the falling birthrates in certain
countries.

In conclusion, while it can be argued that too much emphasis is placed on a university education,
my own opinion is that the university years are a crucial time for personal development. If
people enter the workplace aged 18, their future options may be severely restricted. Attending
university allows them time to learn more about themselves and make a more appropriate choice
of career.

(320 words. IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 2 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task response: The model answer fully answers the question by stating several arguments both
for and against the expansion of higher education. The candidate’s position is clearly expressed
in the conclusion. The style is appropriate to academic writing and the answer is at least 250
words in length.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer has an introduction and conclusion. Each body
paragraph deals with a different side of the argument and begins with a clear topic sentence.
Arguments are developed with logical connectives such as therefore and furthermore.

Lexical resource: There is a good range of vocabulary suited to an argument essay, including

reporting verbs like claim and suggest, and hedging verbs like can and appear. There is native-
like collocation throughout, including growing prosperity, enter the workplace and severely
restricted.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The model answer uses a wide range of grammatical
devices appropriate to academic writing. These include conditionals (If…), participle clauses (…,
increasing the…), concessive clauses (while it can…) and passive constructions (…it can be
argued that…). There are no grammatical errors.

Teacher’s Notes

This IELTS Writing Task 2 question asks you to discuss an argument. It’s

easy to confuse this with an opinion essay, since opinion and argument have similar meanings.
However, in an argument essay like this one, you must write about both sides of the argument
before giving an opinion, which can be difficult in just 40 minutes. Since time management can
be problem when writing an argument essay, plan to write two body paragraphs only, each
dealing with a different point of view. Finally, when you give your own opinion in the
conclusion, try to make it follow from the strongest side of the argument, not the weakest!
IELTS Writing Task 2: Question

Try this problem solution essay about the internet. I’m sure you can think of many problems but I
suggest you write about only two. You have only 40 minutes in which to write your answer.

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also
created problems that did not exist before.

What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can
you suggest?

IELTS Writing Task 2: Model Answer

There is no doubt that the internet has revolutionised communication and information-sharing in
the same way that the telegraph and the television did before it. However, societies have had to
cope with unanticipated new problems, including crimes which traditional laws are powerless to
prevent. This essay will address some of the illegal acts enabled by the internet and propose
solutions.

To begin with, the global scale of the internet means that national laws are no longer adequate to
control what happens online. Take restrictions on legal reporting, for example. In some
countries, the media is prohibited from revealing details of a defendant’s past in case this
prejudices a fair trial. However, such restrictions are no longer enforceable now that information
may be freely published in other countries and accessed by all. The only solution here, it seems,
is to adopt global standards. Since the internet traverses national borders, the flow of information
can only be controlled if all nations agree on what can and cannot be shared.

Another problem concerns anonymity, as internet users can easily conceal their identity and even
impersonate others. Many crimes such as identity theft and child abuse result from the ease with
which criminals can operate anonymously online. Some have proposed a system of online
identification, similar to a passport, which would allow all internet users to be verified and
traced. I believe this idea should be explored further, though there are clearly concerns about the
security of those who use the internet to protest against oppressive regimes.

In conclusion, the only long-term solution to the problem of internet crime is greater
international cooperation. Since the problem is global is scale, the solution must also be global.
A new agency of the United Nations should be created to tackle the problems described here.

(298 words, IELTS 8.5)

Why does this Task 2 answer get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task response: The model answer fully answers the question by stating two distinct problems
caused by the internet together with relevant solutions to each problem. Each problem is
illustrated with examples. The style is appropriate to academic writing and the answer is at least
250 words in length.

Coherence and cohesion: The introduction to this problem solution essay ends with a clear
thesis statement. Each body paragraph deals with a different problem and its solution. Examples
are signalled with logical connectives like for example and such as. The conclusion contains a
clear recommendation which follows from the body.

Lexical resource: There are many instances of higher-level vocabulary such as prohibited,

verified and oppressive. Examples of good collocation include prejudices a fair trial and tackle
the problems. There are no spelling errors and correct word forms are used throughout.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The candidate uses a wide range of conjunctions to link
ideas into more complex sentences. Where necessary, the candidate uses a shorter sentence to
emphasise a point more strongly. Verb tenses, including modals, are always accurate.
Punctuation is handled skillfully throughout.

Teacher’s Note

An IELTS problem solution essay will usually ask for problems and
solutions (note plural), so try to include two of each. This leads logically to an essay with two
body paragraphs, like the model answer above. Try to describe each solution together with the
problem it solves in order to be as coherent as possible. And remember, your solutions don’t
have to be original, or even realistic, in order to get a high score. The IELTS examiner is only
interested in your use of language, not in the quality of your ideas.
IELTS Writing Task 2: Question

Try this two-part question about the United Nations. Though they may sound complicated, two-
part questions are actually quite easy because they give you two points to discuss, rather than
the usual single point.

The United Nations recently celebrated its 70th anniversary. What benefits has it brought
during this time? Do you think the UN will last another 70 years?

You should write at least 250 words.

IELTS Writing Task 2: Model Answer

The United Nations was established at the end of the Second World War in order to provide a
peaceful way to resolve national differences. Since its formation 70 years ago, there has not been
a Third World War. Furthermore, the UN has expanded its global role to include many more
activities besides peacekeeping. This essay will look at some of the UN’s achievements and
predict what the future might hold for the organisation.

It is difficult to imagine a world without the United Nations. The organisation plays a leading
role in everything from conflict resolution and peacekeeping to emergency food aid and global
public health. Many people trust the UN because it is a democratic organisation that reflects the
interests of all its member states and not just one particular country. In this way, it can be argued
that the UN has restricted the influence of powerful countries like the USA, Russia and China,
while allowing smaller nations a say in global affairs. It is also effective at collecting funds from
richer member states and redistributing it as economic aid or emergency assistance to parts of the
world which need it most.

Yet the world is a very different place from how it looked in 1945, which has led some people to
question the need for a powerful organisation like the UN. In particular, there are some
proponents of free trade who argue that competition and not cooperation between nations is the
fastest way to pursue economic development. However, I would argue that the more nations
become interdependent, the more they will require a global forum to resolve their differences.
While there are other global organisations that can play a similar role, such as the World Bank
and International Criminal Court, none has the scope of the UN. For that reason, the UN is sure
to exist for decades to come, and possibly for another 70 years.

In conclusion, the UN remains the most viable organisation for dealing with the world’s
problems, and this is unlikely to change very soon.

(340 words, IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 2 answer get an IELTS Band 9 score?

Task response: The candidate answers both parts of the question. The candidate states clear
opinions and supports them with examples. The argument is well-written and persuasive.

Coherence and cohesion: There are two body paragraphs which each deal with one part of the
question. Both parts of the two-part question are addressed in both the introduction and
conclusion. There are clear links between sentences and between paragraphs.

Lexical resource: The candidate introduces topic-specific vocabulary with natural collocation:
global affairs, conflict resolution, emergency assistance, etc.

Grammatical range and accuracy: Conjunctions and relative pronouns are used throughout the
essay to combine two or more ideas into complex sentences. There are no errors in the
candidate’s grammar or punctuation.

Teacher’s Notes

Did you find some parts of the model answer difficult to understand? If
so, you needn’t worry too much. Only a native speaker could have written this. An IELTS Band
6 or 7 answer would not be as sophisticated. An IELTS Band 8 answer would resemble this one
but contain a few mistakes. So, even when the subject is a lofty one like the United Nations, try
to be realistic in your objectives. It’s only a quick writing exercise, not a master’s thesis!
IELTS Writing Task 2: Question

Try this IELTS Writing question which requires you to discuss both views of an issue. It’s
basically the same as an argument essay that we studied previously. The wording of the question
is different, that’s all.

The free movement of goods across national borders has long been a controversial issue.
Some people argue that it is necessary for economic growth, while others claim that it
damages local industries.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words.

IELTS Writing Task 2: Model Answer

One of the most debatable issues of the last century has been the extent to which international
trade benefits or harms national economies. Many arguments have been made for and against
free trade between nations. In this essay, I will discuss both views and state my own position.

Those who support the expansion of global free trade claim that economies grow faster when
they can specialise in just a few industries in which they have a strong advantage. As a result,
each region or country produces something of value to the world economy. For example, East
Asia manufactures electronic goods, the Middle East exports energy, and the EU produces
luxury items. Free trade proponents claim that dependence on global trade helps to strengthen
international cooperation and prevent wars.

Meanwhile, opponents of free trade—sometimes called ‘protectionists’—claim that the

unrestricted movement of goods and services causes damage to local communities. This is
because jobs are lost when it becomes cheaper to import a product than to produce it
domestically. They also argue that the vast distances travelled by food, oil, and consumer goods
is harming the environment and making our lives unsustainable. Protectionists are in favour of
tighter controls on the movement of goods and services in order to protect jobs and livelihoods.

In conclusion, while there are convincing arguments on both sides of the debate, a return to
protectionist policies would surely be a mistake. I believe that global trade is inevitable and
should not be restricted. It is no longer realistic for nations to source all of their energy, food, and
manufactured goods within their own borders.

(267 words; IELTS 9.0)

Why does this Task 2 answer get a Band 9 score?

Task response: The model answer discusses both sides of the argument in equal measure and
ends with a clear opinion. The writer includes background information and examples. The essay
meets the word requirement.

Coherence and cohesion: The model answer is clearly structured, with each body paragraph
discussing a different side of the argument. The relationship between paragraphs is clearly
signalled by words like Meanwhile and In conclusion. Ideas are developed further with logical
links such as For example, because and also.

Lexical resource: The writer uses higher-level vocabulary relevant to the topic such as
opponents, domestically, unsustainable, and interdependence. The core concept of ‘free
movement of goods across national borders’ is repeatedly paraphrased. Spelling is correct
throughout the model answer.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The writer uses a wide variety of grammatical features
including concessive clauses (while…), relative clauses (in which…), and other complex forms
(It is no longer realistic for nations to…). There are no grammatical errors in the model essay.

Teacher’s Note

‘Discuss both views’ is a common type of IELTS essay question in which

the examiner will pay particular attention to paragraphing. Make your essay structure very clear
by writing two body paragraphs that each discuss a different view. Try to make these two
paragraphs similar in length—three sentences is enough—and save your own opinion for the
conclusion. You can score highly on a ‘discuss both views’ question by following these simple
rules.
IELTS Writing Task 2: Question

Positive or negative questions are becoming more common in IELTS Writing Task 2, Try this
question about the rising elderly population. A sample answer is provided below.

In many developed countries, life expectancy is rising while birthrates are falling. As a
result, the elderly will make up a much larger proportion of the population in future.

Is this a positive or negative development?

IELTS Writing Task 2: Model Answer

How long do you expect to live? Until the age of 80? 100? If you had asked your parents the
same question, they would surely have felt that a life expectancy of 70 was around average. Your
grandparents, meanwhile, might have felt fortunate to live for 60 years. It is clear that people are
living longer than ever before, but is this a positive or negative development?

On the one hand, increased life expectancy brings many opportunities later in life to try things
that you could not do in your youth. Going on a world cruise, taking up a new hobby, even going
back to university to get a degree: all of these opportunities are available to retired people
nowadays. What is more, while many parents find raising children to be a stressful experience,
spending time with grandchildren brings far more pleasure. Therefore, a more elderly population
generally means a happier population with more time to enjoy life.

On the other hand, since elderly people often rely on the government or their children to support
them, there are real concerns about the financial consequences of an aging society. Countries
such as Japan are already being forced to raise both taxes and the age of retirement in order to
offset the problem. Without a doubt, many other countries will need to take similar actions in the
coming decades.

Overall, I would say that the benefits to individuals of living longer far outweigh the cost to
society of supporting an elderly population. Of course, various countries need to take steps to
ensure that the process is carefully managed.

(266 words, IELTS 8.5)

Why Does This Task 2 Answer Get an IELTS Band 8 score?

Task response: The sample answer is at least 250 words in length and describes both a positive
and negative development. In some places the tone is informal and not entirely suited to an
academic essay.
Coherence and cohesion: The sample answer is logically paragraphed, with each body
paragraph detailing a positive or negative trend. The paragraphs and sentences are logically
connected by phrases such as ‘On the one/other hand’.

Lexical resource: The sample answer includes many examples of good collocation such as
‘stressful experience’ and ‘financial consequences’. There is little repetition of vocabulary and
no spelling errors.

Grammatical range and accuracy: The sample answer includes a range of simple and complex
sentences. An incomplete sentence ‘Until the age of 80?’ is used, which might be penalised in an
academic essay.

Teacher’s Note

This IELTS Writing Task 2 sample answer is a great example of how to

use an ‘unconventional opening’ to set your response apart from those of other candidates.
Instead of the usual form of introduction, this sample answer takes a more direct conversational
approach. This creates an immediate impression and the examiner may see it as evidence of
strong writing skills. However, you need to show that you can also write in a more formal
academic style, so don’t use a conversational tone throughout the whole essay.