Design of screw jack

Utkarsha Chinde1 , Tanay Kudale2 , Anudipsing Patil3 , Tanmay Patil4 , Rutuja Solankar5
1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
3 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
4 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
5 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: The screw jack is the component or turning a lead screw. It is commonly used to lift
automobile device which is used to lift the car heavy load to a height. A good example is the car-
for the purpose of repairing. In this we have jacks. In the case of a screw jack, a small force
done the design of a screw jack by taking the applied in the horizontal plane is used to raise or
lower large load. A good number of operational
maximum load acting on the screw jack and by
staff in manufacturing, bottling, oil and gas and
considering the appropriate factor of safety for
other multi-national companies perform task in a
safety purpose. To understand the assembly of squatting or cowering position for a long period.
the screw jack it is necessary to know all parts These results to inefficiency at workplace due to
of screw jack and also necessary to know what ergonomically imbalance position they encounter
geometric tolerances are required on the screw which often times give rise to back ache and poor
jack component. So, for this drafting and body architecture in the future.
modelling is one of the best methods to know
These present available jacks further require the
all these things. operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting
Introduction: Over the years, engineers, scientist position to operate the jack. Due to its difficulties,
body pains, back ache and others can emerge as a
and ergonomist have extolled the conventional
result of continuous turning of the wrench or crank
automobile screw jack (scissors jack) as being very shaft in an uncomfortable position for a long period.
efficient, yet continue to seek new designs to The statement of problem has led to the motivation
increase reliability and reduce its shortcomings and of designing a modified quick lifting screw jack
maintenance costs. Screw application is used in the with gear arrangement. The introduction of the
elevation of vehicles or objects. The operation of bevel gear will help reduce difficulty in operation
the screw jack is such that it comprises a handle for with a handle incorporated in the design and also
driving a bolt element (Lead Screw) manually to reduce time spent to a very minimum.
adjust the height of the jack to elevate a vehicle or
an object. Existing jacks are of great disadvantage Problem statement:
to elderly women especially under unfavourable
weather condition. A mechanical jack is a device Design the screw jack for the Jeep Grand
which lifts weighty or heavy equipment and Cherokee Trailhalk vehicle having maximum
vehicles so that maintenance can be carried out weight 6500 pounds (I.e., 28.91 KN)
underneath at workplace or manufacturing setting.
A jack screw is a type of jack which functions by
2948 kg = 28.91 KN • Average coefficient of friction between
the materials of soft Steel and cast iron
28.91 0.65=18797 N
is taken 0.10 when it is lubricated but
Load for designing the screw jack for the specific design it is taken 0.18
=18797/2=9398.96 N i.e., =10KN assuming it drive for safe of operations.
• Limiting values for bearing pressure
Considering factor of safety for design Load
between steel and cast iron is taken as
=12 KN
15.05 MPa.
Select appropriate data from design data book • According to economist the force of the
hand and is about 150 to 200 N in this
design we assume that is the handle is
Material selection: rotated by two hands which gives 400 N
hand forces for the design of the handle.
➢ Screw:
• Plane carbon steel 30C8 is selected
because screw is always under Selection of Factor of Safety
torsional, bending and axial load.
• FOS for assembly is taken 5 due to
• σyield=400 Mpa, τ =240 MPa, E=207 nature of design
GPa.
• In static loading of ductile material
➢ Nut: generally 1.5 or 2 is taken as FOS
• In order to reduce the friction between • Higher FOS is considered due to the
screw and nut a softer material is consequences of the failure
selected for the nut.
• Phosphor bronze Grade-1 is a proper Design:
material or nut construction because it
• Design for screw
acts very well against to wear resistance
and reduces torque to overcome the 4∗𝑤 4∗12000
friction. dc=√𝜋∗𝜎𝑦𝑡 = √ = 12.3639 mm
𝜋∗100
• σultimate =190 Mpa, σyt=100 Mpa, σyc=90
Mpa, τ =80 Mpa Enter the diameter and pitch from square thread
course series chart

➢ Handle: dc=16, do=24, p=8

• Plane carbon steel 30C8 is selected for Determine torque required to overcome
the handle of screw Jack because of the friction at threads
high strength it offers. dm=do-p/2 = 24-8/2 =20
• σyield=400 Mpa, τ =240 MPa, E=207
GPa. φ=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (μ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.14) = 7.97
ns*p 1∗8
➢ Frame: α = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝜋*dm ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝜋∗20) = 7.26

• Grey cast iron is used to visit cheap and t1=w* tan (φ + α) *(dm/2) =12000*tan
has good machinability. (7.96+7.25) *(20/2) =32400.76 N-mm
• The effective lifting height is chosen to
be 0.5m.
Torsional shear stress in screw Determine diameter of handle by
16∗𝑡1 16∗32625.76 considering bending failure
τi = 𝜋∗𝑑𝑐^3 = = 40.56 N/mm^2
𝜋∗16^3
3 32∗𝑇 3 32∗62774.09
τ i (40.56)< τ (60) i.e. Screw is safe in shear D= √𝜋∗𝜎𝑦𝑡 = √ = 18.56 i.e., = 20 mm
𝜋∗100

Compressive stress in screw Height of head of screw

4∗𝑤 4∗12000
𝜎𝑐 i = 𝜋∗𝑑𝑐^2 = 𝜋∗16^2 = 59.68 N/mm^2 H=2*D =2*20 = 40 mm

𝜎𝑐 i(59.68)< 𝜎𝑐(100) i.e. Screw is safe in • Design of nut

crushing determine number of threads considering
Check the screw for maximum stresses bearing
4∗𝑤 4∗12000
σci σc𝑖 2
nt = 𝜋∗(𝑑𝑜2−𝑑𝑐 2)∗𝑃𝑏 = 𝜋∗(242 −162)∗17.5 = 2.73
σcmax= +√ 2 + τi2 =
2
2 i.e., = 3
59.68 59.68
+√ 2 + 40.562 = 80.19 N/mm^2
2 height of nut
σcmax < 𝜎𝑐(100) therefore screw is safe Hn =p* nt = 8*3 = 24 mm
σc𝑖 59.682 2 Determine diameter of nut considering tension
τmax = √ 2 + τi2 = √ 2 + 40.562
failure
=50.35 N/mm^2
𝑤∗4 12000∗4
τ max (50.35)< τ (60) i.e. D1 = √𝜋∗𝜎𝑦𝑡 + 𝑑𝑜2 = √ + 242 =34.45
𝜋∗25
Screw is safe i.e., =35 mm
Hence, screw is safe in principle stresses Determine diameter of nut collar
• Design of handle considering crushing failure

Design of head 𝑤∗4 12000∗4

D2= √𝜋∗𝜎𝑦𝑐 + 𝐷12 = √ + 352 =
𝜋∗22.5
D3= 1.75*do =1.75*24 =42 mm 43.63 i.e., =44 mm
D4=D3/4 =42/4 =10.5 i.e., = 12mm Thickness of nut
Frictional torque at top of screw 𝑤 12000
t1= D1*𝜋*τ = 35*𝜋*20 = 5.45 i.e., = 6 mm
2
2 𝑟33− 𝑟43
t2= μc*w*3 *(𝑟32−𝑟42) =
2 213− 63
0.17*12000*3 *(212− 62 ) = 30373.33 N-mm Screw and Nut thread in shearing
T=t1+t2 = 32400.76+ 30373.33 = Check screw and nut thread in shearing
62774.09 N-mm 𝑤 12000
τs = 𝜋∗𝑑𝑐∗𝑡1∗n = 𝜋∗16∗6∗3 = 13.26 N/mm^2
t
Length of handle
τs (13.26) < τ (60) therefore screw is safe
Assuming force applied by human f=350 N
𝑤 12000
τn = 𝜋∗𝑑𝑜∗𝑡1∗n = 𝜋∗24∗6∗3 = 8.84 N/mm^2
t
𝑇 62774.09
L=𝑓+100 = + 100 = 279 i.e. =280 mm τn (8.84) < τ (20) therefore nut is safe
350
 • Design of body therefore, screw is safe in buckling.

Design of body Buckling in body

Inside diameter of body at bottom D6= 𝐼 𝐷52 +(𝐷5−𝑡3)2 662 +(66−6)2

k=√𝐴 =√ =√ = 22.29
2.25*D2 = 2.25*44 =99=100 mm 16 16

ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 194

Outside diameter of body at bottom D7= 4*D2 slenderness ratio = =22.29 = 8.70
𝑘
= 4*44 =176 mm
As slenderness ratio is less than 80 Euler's law
D5=1.5*D2 =1.5*44 = 66 mm is not applicable and the body will fail in
Thickness of body at bottom t2=2*t1 = 2*6 =12 crushing before buckling.
mm Checking body in crushing failure
Thickness of body t3=0.25*do = 0.25*24 = 6 𝑊 𝑤 12000
mm 𝜎ci = = 𝜋 = 𝜋 =
𝐴 ∗𝐷52 −(𝐷5−𝑡3)2 ∗662 −(66−6)2
4 4

Height body Hb=lift+30+Hn = 140+30+24 = 20.21 N/mm^2

194 mm 𝜎ci (20.21) < 𝜎c (50) therefore body is safe
in crushing.

• Design of cup • Efficiency

0 𝑇
Design of cup 𝜂 = 𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Thickness of cup (t4) = t3= 6 mm 𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 20

𝑇0 = 𝑝 tan(𝛼) = 12000 tan(7.25) =
2 2
Diameter of cup at bottom(D3) = 42 mm 15265.92 N-mm

Diameter of cup at top (D8) = 1.5*D3 =1.5*42 𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 32400.76 N-mm

= 63 i.e., = 64 mm 0 𝑇 15265.92
𝜂 = 𝑇𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 32400.76 = 0.471 = 47.1%
Height of cup(hc)= 0.75*D3 = 0.75*42 =30 mm
Buckling in screw
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑝 tan(𝛼) 12000*tan(7.96)
𝜂 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃 tan(𝛼+𝜙) = 12000*tan(7.96+7.25) =
check screw in buckling
𝐻𝑛 24 0.514 = 51.4%
Le=lift+ 2 +10 = 140+ 2 +10 =162

k=0.25*dc = 0.25*16 = 4
c=0.25
𝜋 𝜋
A= 4 *𝑑𝑐 2 = 4 *162 = 201.06 mm^2
𝜎𝑦𝑡
Wcr=A* 𝜎𝑦𝑡 *(1- 𝐿𝑒2
) = 201.06*
4∗𝑐∗𝜋 2 ∗𝐸∗
𝑘
100
100 *(1- 1622
) = 20105.99
4∗0.25∗𝜋 2 ∗207000∗
4

Wcr (20105.99) > W (12000)

Body

Screw
Nut

Handle Cup

Set screw
Assembly of screw jack
References:
[1] Design of Machine Element by V. B. BHANDARI
[2] Machine Design by R. S. KHURMI
[3] Pro-e wildfire 4.0
[4] Specifications of Vehicle manufacture by Jeep