Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

MODULE 2:
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCS)

LESSON 1
BACKGROUND, RATIONALE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF MELCS

 MODULE 2, LESSON 1, ACTIVITY 1

1. The closure of schools around the world due to the global pandemic posed serious challenges on the
delivery of quality basic education. As a teacher, what do you think are the fundamental concerns in terms
of curriculum standards that need to be addressed in order to ensure learning continuity? Cite a specific
example. Do you think these concerns could be solved by teachers alone? Why or why not?

- With this global pandemic we have today, this make education for children more difficult to
achieve. This also brings a big challenge to the Department of education to conduct education in
this new normal situation. The best way to address the problem is adapt this new normal learning
by shifting to distance or modular learning. With this strategy, we can ensure learning continuity.
These concerns are not for teachers alone but also with the collaboration of all the Deped forces
teaching and non-teaching staff. And of course through parents’ learners and stake holders
support.

2. Even prior to the spread of covid-19 that eventually led to the closure of schools nationwide, the
congested curriculum has been a perennial problem of teachers (Andaya, 2018). This is perceived to be one
of the hindering factors on the poor performance of Filipino learners. Do you agree with this observation?
Why or why not?

- Yes, I agree, in the department of education several curriculums had been laid and adapt for the
purpose of achieving higher standard education and can produce a globally competitive learner.
But due to the congested curriculum we cant achieve our goals. Students cant cope up with the
content standard sometimes it takes time to finish a full quarter subject with a limited time
allotment.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

 MODULE 2, LESSON 1, ACTIVITY 2

1. What are the general and specific purposes of the development of MELCS?

- The Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) are designed to ensure education continuity
(curriculum dimension) while serving as a guide for teachers to address the instructional needs of
the learners and ensuring that the curriculum standards are maintained and achieved. Meanwhile,
it is also intended to assist schools in navigating the limited number of school days as they employ
multiple delivery schemes by providing them ample instructional space.

2. How does curriculum review aid in the identification of essential learning competencies?

- Mapping the essential and desirable learning competencies within the curriculum,
- Identification of prerequisite knowledge and skills needed to prepare students for essential
learning competencies,
- Analysis of the interconnectedness of prerequisite knowledge and skills among the learning
competencies for each subject area.

3. What is the difference between essential learning competencies and desirable learning competencies?

- The essential learning competencies deals with the students’ needs, it is considered indispensable, in
the teaching- learning process to build the skills to equip learners for the subsequent grade level and
consequently, for lifelong learning. On the other hand, the desirable learning competencies are those
that may enhance education but may not be necessary in building foundational skills.
4. How were the most essential learning competencies identified? What were the decisions made in order
to trim down the number of the essential learning competencies further?

- It is aligned with national standards or frameworks, such as, for example, “holistic Filipino learners
with 21st century skills.”
- They connect the content to higher concepts across content areas.
- They are applicable to real- life situations
- They are important for students to acquire, even if a student drops out from school.
- They cannot be expected to be ordinarily learned by students if not taught in school.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

5. What is the importance of the MELCS in ensuring the delivery of quality instruction?

- The importance of MELCS in ensuring the delivery of quality education is that it accommodates the
varying context of the learners, teachers, learning environment, and support structures
considering both the content and performance standards needed for adequate instructions and
learning.

 MODULE 2, LESSON 1, ACTIVITY 3

Prepare a copy of your learning area’s original K-12 Curriculum Guide and corresponding list of MELCs.
Go to the sections of the curriculum guide and MELCs that are relevant to your instructional needs. Copy
and accomplish the following table in your Study Notebook and compare the two documents to determine
which learning competencies were retained, dropped, or merged.

Science 7, First Quarter

K TO 12 LEARNING
MELCS
COMPETENCIES
MERGED/CLUSTERED

RETAINED

investigate properties of acidic and basic

mixtures using natural indicators;
S7MT-Ii-6

DROPPED and

describe some properties of metals and

non-metals such as luster, malleability,
ductility, and conductivity.
S7MT-Ij-7
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

 MODULE 2, LESSON 1, ACTIVITY 4

Question(s) about MELCS that Insights shared by your co-

Your insights shared
need(s) clarification teacher(s)

MELCS:
EN7OL- III- h- 1.3.1
Raise sensible, challenging thought
provoking questions in public
⮚ It is possible for students to jot
forums and panel discussions, etc.
down their ideas on a certain
topic given, although they will
⮚ How will the students ensure
be no appearance on screen ⮚ The expected varieties of
to participate with their
due to some certainties, but materials are not available at
classmates in such forums or
what matters is for them to their respective homes.
panel discussions if they do
express their insights on a
not have the gadgets to be
certain issue and submit it (jot ⮚ Some students will be having
used (smartphones, tablets,
down ideas) through pictures. a hard time to accomplish this
laptops, or computers and
competency because of lack
stable internet connections.)
⮚ The students may get ideas of sources and internet
through extensive readings connectivity.
⮚ How will the students gather
(books, newspapers, articles.
sensible questions to deliver
etc) and watch documentaries.
in such activities?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

LESSON 2:
UNPACKING AND COMBINING MELCS INTO LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 MODULE 2, LESSON 2, ACTIVITY 1

1. What is the importance of unpacking and combining the MELCs?

- The importance of Unpacking and combining the MELCs is in order to systematize learning activities
and effectively address the varying needs of the learners and the challenges of instructional deliveries.
2. What considerations must be taken in unpacking and combining the MELCs? Explain each.

- Alignment on the content and performance standards

- Prerequisite knowledge and skills
- Logical sequence of learning objectives

3. Do all the MELCS need to be unpacked or combined? Why or why not?

- The teacher may unpacked or combined the MELCS depends on sequence of the lesson, the
progress and needs of learners as long as the content and standard will be achieved.

 MODULE 2, LESSON 2, ACTIVITY 2

1. Form a group of four members within your LAC, preferably with fellow teachers in your
respective learning area.
2. Using the curriculum guide and a list of the MELCS, choose MELCS in the first quarter and unpack
these into learning objectives.
3. Each team will present their unpacked learning objectives. Discussion and processing will follow
each presentation. Suggestions and insights from each group will be considered in enhancing the
learning objectives.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora

UNPACKING THE MELCS

Science 7
First Quarter
Sample Learning Objectives
MELCs
1. Describe the components of a scientific  Identify the components of a scientific
investigation investigation
S7MT-Ia-1  Express the importance of solving problem
scientifically
 Apply the scientific method in formulating a
problem and designing a process for
investigation
2. Recognize that substances are classified into  Recognizes that a substance has a unique set
elements and compounds of properties
S7MT-Ig-h-5  Investigate the properties of mixtures
 Demonstrates understanding of the
properties of substances which them from
mixtures
3. Distinguish mixtures from substances based on  Define homogeneous and heterogeneous
a set of properties mixtures
S7MT-Ie-f4  Demonstrates understanding of the
properties of substances which distinguish
them from mixtures
 Give examples of commonly found
homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
at home

4. Investigate properties of unsaturated or  Define solutions, solute, solvent, solubility,

saturated solutions soluble, insoluble, miscible
S7MT-Ie-f4  Demonstrates understanding of some
important properties of solutions
 Identify and explain the factors affecting
solubility
5. Express concentrations of solutions  Explain the difference among percent by
quantitatively by preparing different weight, percent by volume, and percent by
concentrations of mixtures according to uses weight/volume
and availability of materials  Solve problems involving different
S7MT-Id-3 expressions of concentrations of a solution
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III—Central Luzon
Schools Division of Aurora
VILLA AURORA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Maria Aurora, Aurora