TOPICS: 1) Definitions.

a) Mobility b) WAP c) Protocol d) WAP Devices e) WAP Client f) WAP Browser

g) User Agent h) WAP Gateway i) j) Network Operator Barrier services

k) Content/Origin/App Server 2) WAP Application Architecture 3) WAP Client 4) GATEWAY 5) WAP INTERNAL STRUCTURE 6) WAP Protocols Stack 7) WAP GATEWAY 8) Functionality of WAP Gateway 9) XML Intro 10)XML PARSER 11)WML Structure 12)BASIC WML Card 13)WML header(its not in Sundays class) 14) 15) 16) NAVIGATION GOING BACKWARDS ADVANCE DISPLAY FEATURES

17)
18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25)

CH 5
INTERACTIVE WITH THE USER MAKING A SELECTION OPTION MENU SELECT LIST ELEMENT

EVENTS TIMERS VARIABLES

26)
27) 28) 29) 30) 31)

CH 6
WML SCRIPT LEXICAL STRUCTURE WHITE SPACE VARIABLE & LITERALS VARIABLE SCOPE & LIFE TIME

32)
33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43)

CH 7
USIBILITY LIMITATION OF WIRELESS DEVICES SMALL SCREENS LIMTIED INPUT CAPABILITY LIMITED PROCESSOR POWER LIMITED BANDWIDTH LIMITED SUPPORT FOR GRAPHICS GENERAL GUIDE LINES APPLICATION GOALS INTERACTIVE APPLICATION EFFICIENT APPLICATION

44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56)

MEMORABALITY TOLARANCE HOW TO ACHIVE GOALS TOP 20% OF FUNCTIONALITY RATE USER ACTIVITIES DESIGN AS A TREE STURECTURE MINIMIZE DATA ENTRY PERSONALIZATION TERSE SHOULD BE ALWAYS IMPLEMENT A BACK FUNCTIONALITY CONSISANTACY IS VERY IMPORTANT PUSH BE PREPARED TO TEST

57)
58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71)

CH 8
ASP & WAP COMPONENTS CREATING DYNAMIC ACCESS PAGES ASP OBJECT MODEL REQUEST RESPONSE APPLICATION SESSION SERVER STORAGE RETRVAL PROTOCOL POP IMAP WAP & EMAILS THE EMAIL PROCESS

72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87)

MUA MTA MDA THE PROTOCOL OF INTERAL EMAIL RFC MIME S / MIME OPEN PGP SMTP ESMTP INTRODUCTION TO JAVA MAIL API JAVAX.MAIL.SESSION JAVAX.MAIL.TRANSPORT JAVAX.MAIL.STORE JAVAX.MAIL.FOLDER JAVAX.MAIL.INTERNET.MIMEMESSAGE JAVAX.MAIL.INTERNET.INTERNETADDRESS

08/02/11 WAP= Wireless Application Protocol GSM=Global system for mobile communication

DEFINATIONS Mobility: Mobility is the ability to access information and services anytime, anyhow and anywhere. WAP: WAP is a communication protocol and application environment for the deployment of information resources advanced telephony services and internet access from mobile devices.

Protocol: Rules and regulation to communicate OR A protocol defines the type and structure of messages that two devices have to used when they are communicating with each other. WAP Application Architecture The WAP protocols were design with the web protocol in mind There are three diff ways that we can use to access information from th internet using a WAP devices. a) WAP use to access the internet.

CELL Wireless N/W SERVER WAP GATEWAY internet APP

b) WAP use to access an intranet.

CELL Wireless N/W WAP GATEWAY INTRANET APP SERVER

c) And the internet architecture.

Web Client INTERNET APP SERVER

DEFINATIONS WAP DEVICES: This term indicates the physical device that can be used to access WAP applications and content. It is not necessary and limited to mobile phones. It might be a PDA or a handheld computer. Generally speaking it can be a WAP compliant device. WAP Client: WAP Client is a client that is operated by the user and communicates with the server entity. In the WAP world the WAP client is the entity that receives the content from the internet via WAP gateway usually through WAP browser.

WAP Browser: This is software running on the WAP devices that interprets the WAP contents arriving from the internet and decides how to display it on the screen of the WAP device. WAP browsers are available for all WAP devices and are frequently referred to as micro browsers. User Agent: Agent is normally the software that deals with the protocols. The WAP client contains two different agents that is WAE user agent and WTA user agent. WAE=Wireless application environment user agent WTA=Wireless telephony application user agent

WAP Gateway: This is the element that sits (logically) between the WAP devices and the origin server. It acts as an interpreter between the two enabling them to communicate. WAP gateway usually presides within the operator network but we can install our own gateway. Network Operator: This is the company or organization that provides carrier services to its subscriber. Barrier Services: These are the different ways that a mobile phone can communicate with the wireless network. To send and receive the data from an application server, mobile phones have to establish some sort of connection with WAP gateway. A barrier services is the method they use to do this. Content/Origin/App Server: They denote the element that hosts the internet content that is send to the client when requested.

22/2/11

WAP Client The only requirement for device to be WAP compliant is that it must implement a WAE user agent, WTA user agent and WAP Stack. WAE USER AGENT WAE stands for wireless application environment. WAE user agent is the micro browser that renders the content for displayed. It receives the compile WML, WML scripts and any images from the wireless application environment the gateway displayed execute on the screen. WTA USER AGENT WTA stands for wireless telephony application user agent read file compile from the WTA and executes them. The WTA user agent includes access to the interface to the phone and network functionality such as number dialing , call answering, phone book, message management and location indicator services

WAP Stack WAP Stack implementation allows the phone to connect WAP gateway using WAP protocols.

GATEWAY This is an intermediate element usually use to connect two different types of networks. It receive request directly from the client as it acurally origin suaver that the client want to receive the information from the client are usually un that their talking to the gateway.???

WAP Gateway Functionality: Whenever the WAP session starts on a mobile phones following steps are executed. 1) A connection is created or established via WSP (wireless session protocol) between the mobile devices and the WAP gateway. 2) When the site address is entered the gateway sends request from the device micro browser using WSP. WSP is the WAP protocol in charge of starting and ending the connection from the mobile devices to the WAP gateway. 3) The gateway translate the WSP request into HTTP request and sends it to the appropriate to the origin servers 4) The Origin server sends back the required information to the gateway via http. 5) The gateway translate and compresses the information and sent it back to the micro browser in mobile devices Origin Server: This is the element in the network where the information or WEB/WAP application resides.

WAP INTERNAL STRUCTURE Protocol: Rules and regulation to communicate is called protocol. A protocol defines the type and the structure of messages that two devices have to use when they are communicating with each other. Layers:

Protocols are generally composed of /divided (logically) into different groups of functionality these functionality are frame into layers each one providing a specific service to next Layer.

WAP PROTOCOL STACK: WAP Stack was derived from, inherited most of the characteristics of the ISO; OSI reference model (ISO 7498) WAP protocol stack has five different layers. 1) APPLICATION LAYER (WAE): WAE provides an application environment intended for the development and execution of portable application and services. 2) SESSION LAYER (WSP): Session Layer supplies method for the organize exchange of the content between client and server application. 3) TRANSACTION LAYER (WTP): It provides different methods for performing transactions. 4) SECURITY Layer (WTLS) Wireless transport layer security: WTLS is an optional layer that provides authentication and privacy on secure connection between applications. 5) TRANSPORT LAYER (WDP) Wireless datagram protocol: WDP is the bottom layer of the WAP stack which shelters the upper layer from the barrier services offered by the operator.

1/2/2011 WAP GATEWAY The WAP gateway forms a bridge between two distinct worlds. 1) Internet 2) Wireless phone A WAP gateway is basically a software that is placed between a network that supports WAP and IP packet network (internet) it act as a intermediary that converts between the protocols of the packet network and the protocols of the WAP network and the protocol on the WAP network. When a cellular packet network such as GPRS that can use TCP//IP directly are prevalent it may still make more sense to use the WAP protocols to reduce the data transfer sizes requires. The internet is based on TCP/IP protocol stack which is suited to wide network and is unsuitable for most types of wireless networks.

Reason: this is because TCP is a heavy transport layer protocol that has high overheads especially during connection establishment. This is due to the three way hand shake mechanism because connection is only consider as established when all three messages have been exchange. By keeping the WAP communication protocol stack separate the back of internet to make possible the connection on wireless devices using the WAP protocols and the services of bearer network services. Functionality of WAP gateway: 1) Implementation of WAP protocol/Stack layers 2) Access control 3) Protocol conversion 4) Domain name resolution 5) HTML to WML conversion 6) Encoding of WML content 7) WML Script compilation 8) Security 9) Provide caching for frequently access content

1) Implementation of WAP protocols/ Stack layer: This is a most obvious function of a WAP gateway and it contributes to most of the functionality of a gateway. Depending on weather the type of service is connection oriented or connection less, secure or unsecure. The following stack layers need to be implemented. a) Non secure connection oriented WSP WTP WDP | WSP WTD | secure connection oriented WTPLS WDP

b) Non Secure connection less | secure connection less WSP WDP |WSP WTLS WDP

2) Access control This involves restricting specific content like (subscription services or company intranet WAP services). Recognition of the devices could be in the basis of IP or on the basis of phone

number. A WAP gateway using SMS as the bearer will use phone number to restrict the request because this information is the only one available to identify the device encoding of

3) Domain name resolution Resolution of domain name used in URL to IP addresses is done by DNS services if this activity need to be performed in WAP the only way to do this would be to configure the WAP gateway to connect to the internet through the HTTP proxy. The HTTP proxy has the responsibility of resolving internet domain names instead of WAP gateways.

4) Html to WML conversion This conversion can never be perfect and it can never be guaranteed that after conversion an HTML page will be rendered properly wireless device. It is recommended that content providers actually provide WML content separately if they are targeting wireless device users. Another suggested mechanism is to provide content in XML and convert this HTML or WML for the transformation. 5) Encoding of WML content *Tokenization WML content coming from the internet or another provider is encoded into compact binary form at the gateway before it is send to wireless device. This process is known as tokenization. During the process of tokenization the gateway performs the checks to verify the WML content for errors

15/3/11 6) WML script compilation The compilation of WML script on the gateway involves syntax and semantic checks and the generation of byte code according to the WML script instruction set. WML script is compiled in a manner similar to compilation of programs in other programming languages. The generated byte code similar to the byte codes in java. It consists of assembly program instructions for nonexistent architecture. The client needs the use of an interpreter to interpret the instructions, execute them on client devices.

7) Security This involves providing WTLS between the gateway and the device. According to WAP specifications it is optional for implementation to provide security features. It may b e

necessary to use a gateway product that implements security features depending on the content provided.

8) Provide caching for frequently accessed content. The functionality is very much similar to the proxy server which I are found in various organization that cache internet content regularly access by members of the organization.

20/03/11 Chap 4 BASIC WML What is XML? / XML introduction XML stands for extensible markup language. XML is a technology for creating structured document that can be exchange between systems. In xml unlike HTML in XML the way the data is to be displayed is not described. Rather it is a structure and organization of data that is defined. As a differences in protocols from system to system and the way the data storage is handled and the data transmissions are implemented data transfer between difference platforms or applications has always been problematic. XML is the product of worldwide consortium effort to create a language for describing a document in a system independent way. XML is a subset of SGML (standard generalized markup language).

TAG: A tag is a part of the document delimited <tag> by (<>) angled bracket. Element: An element is a named section of the document that begins with a <tag> and ends with tag in the form of </tag>.

XML PARSER: An xml parser is a component used to process xml document. A document must meet a certain criteria in order to successfully parse and if it meets those criteria than the document than those documents is considered to be a well formatted document. In order to be well formatted a document must have its element nested correctly. A closing TAG must always be used to close the closet opening TAG pair. For example <Tag 1> <Tag 2> <tag2>

<tag1>

WML STRUCTURE: On the WEB a page is loaded into a browser. Several Pages maybe displayed with the use of frames and this fact is often used to separate navigation and text. 2 DIAGRAM??? A WAP device on the other hand loads a page from a deck of cards. The WAP device displays only one card at a time and the card contain both a content and navigation controls. The WAP device displays only one card at a time and it can hold many different cards and the association of these cards are called deck A BASIC WML CARD: < XML Version = 1.1 ? >

<! . Abc, wml .> <! DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC // WAPFORU//DTD WML 1.1 // EN http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml-1.1.xml> 1st and last line is called WML header

Navigation
ANCHOR LINK:
Anchor link is a part where user selection takes it to a new location. Anchor the current location call another location together(haroon ke writing wohe samjhe). WAP adopt the same features available in web known as URL. The protocol being used is normally http although the browser is communicating with the gateway via WAP protocol. The resources are fetched by the gateway from the origin server.

Going Backward:
Going backward means returning to the previous page. If the user want to return to the previous card then the user need to be implement a basic function. WML has a tag define to allow the user to return to the previous card whenever the user follows a link. WAP browser keeps a list of the cards that have been visited.

When the previous tag is used the browser will look up the last card that has been visited and return the user to the card.

Advance Display Features:

Tables WAP application or services is likely to have a database behind it and when the user wants to extract information from the database and display it to the user in a useful way the information retrieve from the database is frequently suited and displayed in a tabular manner. WML tables are based upon and work much like HTML tables.

Chap 5

Interacting with the users:

Making a selection: WML provides us with a several ways to allow a user to make a selection on a WAP device, For this purpose two mechanism are normally available

1) Option Menu 2) Select List

1) Option Menu:
The option menu is available and supported by many WAP browsers. Many WAP browsers attach a option menu to each card. Option menu is build up through the use of <do> </do> peer tag. When the user makes a selection from the option menu an action is required and it is carrying out which is specified by whatever is inside this element. <do type=accept title=abc> <go href=#xyz/> </do> TEMPLATE: To apply the option menu across entire deck without repeating it, a more sensible way of handling is to apply a mechanism that allows us to define option

menus ones and that option menu become available to each card. The way that we can achieve this is by using a template tag peer.

The do Element: The do element is associated in certain action. The general format of do element is <do type = some type > Some action </do> Type Accept Description Acceptance on a mobile phone. This is typically left soft key of the phone normally use for OK.

Previous This exhibit back button typically. This is the right soft key. Help Reset Delete Unknown The button press to request help Reset button for the devices. The button pressed to remove the items. This can be map to any key in the device.

2) Select List
In some cases the option menu might not be the best place for the options. users may wish to have option on a card. One way of doing this would to simply list the items and link them to appropriate deck on card. Another way is to provide a peer of select tag mechanism. <select </select> allows the browser to display the option in a way that group the choices. Example: <card if=product title = Products> <p> Available product line <select title = models> <option> Toyota </option>

<option> Mazda </option> </select> </p> </card> In Case of select tag peer the entire list is enclosed in the select tag.

WML SCRIPT
WML script is design purely as a client scripting language to be executed on WAP device. As with Java Script and any other client side scriting language on the Web browser. WML script have many uses unlike Java script, WML script is not embeded amont the markup instant a seperate file is created that contains the code, WML script is store in files with WMLS extension.

Lexican Structure:
WML script has a syntax similar to JAVA script. A statement is terminated with a semi colon (;) and ignores white space except inside the string lifetab.. A block of WML script is enclose in { }. Like Java Script, WML script is case sensitive. This means that on upper case letter is the name of an identifier and it is different from the same letter in the lower case. 1) WHITE SPACE Any number of tabs, spaces in new lines will be treated as a single white space character. Comments: Text that want to be included in a script that the user want to be ignored by the script engine must be mark as a comment. You can mark text as comment by following method. a) // b) */

2) Variable and Literal : You can take one of the 5 types: a) Boolean. b) Integer c) Float d) String e) Invalid Date

3) Variable scope and life time: The scope of the variables is a part of the script within which it can be used and its life time is the time during execution of the script that the variable actually exists.

USEBILITY
useblity is that indicates the degree of user friendliness of a system. A useablity system lets the user complete task in a reasonably easy way. In order to assist how useable WAP application is taht we should think in terms of A) The intellactual skills required to learn the use of the system. B) The time required to learn the use of the system. C) The level of frustration involved insuring the system If the typical users perceeds WAP application easy to use, straight forward method then it is said it is a usable Application.

LIMITATION OF WIRELESS DEVICES

They are usually of small screen, lmited input capabilities, limited processors power and RAM, limited bandwidth, limited support for graphics. 1) SMAL SCREEN: The display of a mobile devices are small in order to be a custom by the WAP browsers. Application develop for big displays which tend to be visible badly on small screens. 2) Limited input Capablities: Currently the technology of mobile devices are phones which have a phone keypad while this is sufficient for dialing phone number, entering text with its keypad Compare to a traditional qwerty PC keyboard. 3) Limited Power: Phones are made o dial and recieve calls. usually they don't have PDA like functionality. WAP is a technology that is design to scale down well on such dump devices. 4) Limited Banwidth: Currently WAP devices have very little bandwidth available as compare to the PCS connected to internet. It is expected that advancement in telecomunication will support high bandwidth wireless careers. 5) Limited Graphics: Hand held devices do not support heavy graphics as compare to PC.

HOW TO ACHIEVE GOALS

Rate user activities:
Try to identify the main activities that the majority of the users will perform and build your application in a way that will let users perform these activities in the fastest possible way.

Design as a tree structure:

Layout a hierarchal tree of activities that your application should contain.

Minimize Data Entry:

since most phones only have a phone keypad your application should require actual data entry only when necessary. In addition the input mode of the terminal should be set to support the expected format for the data that users insert . Personalization: Try to enable your applications to remember the data that has been input by users . Text should be Terse: Short polish text containing informative and vital guidelines to users.

Always implement a back functionality: All users like to explore when confronted with a new application hence you should provide a back functionality to all users Consistency is very important. Application can often requires users to perform the same activity in different parts of the application. Consistency is how these activities are implemented to make interactive experience of your users .This also reduce development efforts . PUSH Real-time information is a key functionality to give extra value to WAP. Be prepared to test, If you are deploying a wap application that is even more mordantly complex you should be ready to build proto types as early as possible in the development process

Chapter Name:

ASP & Wap,

ASP
Active server pages(ASP) is a server side technology from Microsoft for the generation of dynamic pages or the WEB contents it allows you to embed script in HTML or WML code ASP makes it possible to keep the content that the application which ship to the client ASP let the WEB server to interact with the data base and other systems including emails and files system the power of ASP lies three rextremely important expects, It makes building dynamic application ease It is simple so developer scan move over to ASP with ease and beginners can pick up the concepts quickly. ASP lets developers make use of components to build complex WEB base services.

Components Components are reusable objects that provide a consistent access method from multiple developing environment ,components often include simple and elegant access to a set of complex function allowing the code reuse option

Creating dynamic pages with ASP:

HTML pages can be turn into ASP pages by simply changing the file extension to .asp , the <% >% the limit section of script in an asp file we can insert scripting code in more the one place in the file even embedding it inside the WML content

ASP Object model:

ASP defines a set of objects that encapsulates many of the low level details .An object model is a description of the detail of the object structure , relationships b/w objects & other object oriented features and functions in other words object model is the object oriented version of APIs the main ASP objects are, 1. Request 2. Response 3. Application 4. Session 5. Server

Request Object: The request objects encapsulate all the information that a user agent sends to the WEB server data enter by a user in an application can be sent back to the server using HTTP get or post. (Sir ne itna he karaya tha)

WAP and Email Key element of emails:

There are two types of protocols used in email process

1)

Transport protocols.

a) The mail process: The sender of an email message uses a program to create and send mails. This program is known as MUA (Mail user agent). Once created message must be moved to the recipients mail server over a transport medium. The company or a service provider uses MTA (Mail transfer agent). The message is then delivered to the recipient using a MDA (Mail delivery agent). The most important mechanism in the mail transport system is MUA, MTA and MDA. MUA: a program used to create and receive mail messages.

MTA: The means by which mail messages are transferred between machines over the internet MDA: The mechanism that delivers the mail message to the recipient mail box.

b) The protocol of internet mail: RFC 822 Mime (Multipurpose internet mail extension) S/mime Open PGP SMTP ESMTP RFC 822: In the past, email was sent in a standard format specified in RFC (request for comment) 822 Entitled standards for the format of ARPA internet text message. This encoded the mail as plain text in ASCII 7bit character set format. The need for inclusion of other languages character set and multimedia attachments lead to a need for a complex message structure which leads to the creation of MIME.

MIME: MIME defines the necessary message structure needed to work with different 8 bit character set and multipart messages. MIME was constructed as an extension of RFC 822 allowing the older MUAs to continue to work ignoring the new features formats and extensions.

S/MIME: S/MIME was originally developed by RSA data security. It was based on PKCS #7(Public key cryptography standards) Cryptographic message syntax (RFC 2315) certified format. S/MIME creates a message which is encrypted to ensure the message cannot be tempered within the transit. During the process S/MIME encrypts all the contents of the message.

Open PGP: The PGP / MIME format is based on pretty good privacy data encryption standards.

SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol. SMTP is a transfer protocol language spoken by MTAs. SMTP is a standard message interchange protocol on the internet. SMTP uses an envelope and body metaphor to structure a mail transfer. The envelope is used to transfer messages and contains information about the message sender and the destination address. The SMTP body contains the entire message including the body and header information.

ESMTP: Extended SMTP. ESMTP is described in RFC 1869. It is an extension of SMTP to allow extended 8 bit character set which was needed to allow to European and Asian character to group with multimedia messages.

2)

Storage and retrieval protocol.

a) POP b) IMAP

a) POP: Post office protocol. With the growth in personal computing the demand is increased for emails to be stored locally. This lead to the development of POP as a protocol to retrieve mail from remote mailbox via the users MUA allowing the mail to be read and stored locally

b) IMAP:

Interactive mail access protocol. IMAP allows more flexible mail storage using a hierarchal folder concept to store messages and providing richer set of mail manipulation function. IMAP was design for the goal in the mind. 1) To provide the ability to store mail in folders besides your own inbox. 2) To provide a set of functionality for manipulating mail folders. 3) To provide better access to a mail box in online and disconnected access modes. 4) To facilitate access to a users email from more than one client computer . 5) By fully compatible with a open standards of internet messages. Such as RFC 822 MIME and ESMTP.

Introduction to JAVA Mail Api

The java mail api offers a clean object oriented framework of classes. Many applications can benefit from email support using JAVA MAIL developers can rapidly construct messaging functionality and the relational database connectivity. Java mail API leverages the capability for dealing with complex datatypes from JAF java application framework. JAF provides java with similar capabilities that plugins provides for WEB browsers. The most important java mail classes are 1) Javax.mail.Session 2) Javax.mail.transport 3) Javax.mail.store 4) Javax.mail.folder 5) Javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage 6) Javax.mail.internet.internetAddress

1) Javax.mail.Session Javax.mail.session Is used to control the access to the implementation of the other mail classes that represent the services offered by the mail system. 2) JAVAX.mail.transport This class is responsible for sending messages via specific protocol such as SMTP as implemented by the service provider 3) Javax.mail.store This class gives services or implemented by the service provider. It aims to allow access to leave to read, write, monitor and search archives for a particular mail protocol such as POP 3 or IMAP 4 4) Javax.mail.folder This class gives a hierarchical view of java mail message objects and provides access to specific messages for delete, read and reply actions

5) Javax.mail.internet.MimeMessages This class models the actual mail message and holds a very little information and data about the message when it is first instantiated. This lightweight message structure populates the message with data only as it is needed. Usually the attachment and the list of message headers in the inbox are related to this feature.

6) Javax.mail.internet.internetAddress This class moral a RFC 822 email address. If an incorrect address format is encountered an error occurs and an address exception is throughn within a java method processing the email address