UNIVERSITY OF SAINT LOUIS

Tuguegarao City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

S.Y. 2021-2022

CORRESPONDENCE LEARNING MODULE

GENERAL PHYSICS 2

Prepared by:

MICA MARGARETTE C. ANDRES, LPT

ANGELOU D. CAOLE, MST

JILMAE M. LUBIN, LPT

Subject Teacher

Reviewed by:

BRYAN F. ARUGAY, LPT

Subject Area Head

Recommended by:

CLAIRE T. GUMARANG, MAEd

Principal

Approved by:

EMMANUEL JAMES P. PATTAGUAN, Ph.D.

Vice President for Academics
 FINALTERM SECOND SEMESTER
School Year 2021-2022
Week 5
May 2 - 6, 2022

THE LOUISIAN PRAYER

O God, wellspring of goodness and blessings, we give you thanks and praise as one Louisian
community. The graces You incessantly grant upon us and Your divine providence have
sustained our beloved University throughout the years of mission and excellence.

Having been founded by the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, we pray that You
keep us committed and dedicated to our mission and identity to serve the Church and the
society as we become living witnesses to the Gospel values proclaimed by Jesus. For if we are
steadfast in our good and beautiful mission, our works will bring success not only to ourselves
but also to those whom we are bound to love and serve.

Inspired by St. Louis our Patron Saint, who was filled with a noble spirit that stirred him to love
You above all things, may we also live believing that we are born for a greater purpose and
mission as we dwell in Your presence all the days of our life.

Grant all these supplications through the intercession of

Mother Mary and through Christ our Lord. Amen.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 1 | 16
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 THE VISION, MISSION, EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY, AND CORE VALUES OF THE
UNIVERSITY

VISION
University of Saint Louis is a center of 21st-Century education advancing in MISSIO ET
EXCELLENTIA through relevant instruction, dynamic research, responsive community
engagement, global partnership, sustainable operation, and jubilating faith.

MISSION
Inspired by the wisdom of God, USL as a CICM Catholic academic community is committed to
integral human formation for the building of the Church and the society.

USL QUALITY POLICY

Devoted to Mission. Committed to Excellence.

As we uphold the Catholic identity in faithfulness to the Gospel of Christ, as we carry on

the CICM mission in the integral human formation and social transformation, and as we
stand committed to continual quality improvement to provide client satisfaction, We, at
the University of Saint Louis, commit to work towards providing high quality instruction,
research, community engagement, and Christian Formation to produce globally
competitive graduates.

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND CORE VALUES

The University of Saint Louis upholds the philosophy that education is for building of self and
persons for the Church and the Society. Wisdom builds. To these ends, the following are
University of Saint Louis’s core values integral in the formation of every member of the Louisian
community.

a. Christian Living. We are witnesses to the Gospel values as taught and lived by Christ
thus making God’s love known and experienced by all.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 2 | 16
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 b. Excellence. We seek and maintain uncompromising standard of quality in teaching,
learning, service, and stewardship of school resources.

c. Professional Responsibility. We are committed to efficiently and responsibly apply the

learned principles, values and skills in the chosen field of discipline, taking initiative and
command responsibility in one’s professional advancement.

d. Social Awareness and Involvement. We engage ourselves with society by listening to

the prevailing issues and concerns in the society, thereby initiating and participating in
constructive and relevant social activities for the promotion of justice, peace and integrity
of creation and for people’s wellness and development consistent with the CICM charism.

e. Innovation, Creativity and Agility. We keep ourselves relevant and responsive to the
changing needs of our stakeholders by being flexible, solution oriented, and having
cutting-edge decisions and practices.

VISION, MISSION, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

VISION
USL- SHS is a choice pre- collegiate school in a 21st Century learning environment.

MISSION
USL Senior High School commits to provide secondary education towards holistically developed
graduates with strong foundation in the pursuit of desired college degree to serve the Church
and the society.

GOAL
To form adolescents with strong religious foundation, relevant skills and constant passion for
excellence in their curricular, co- curricular and extra-curricular endeavors akin to their
respective track and strand in pursuit of the degree desired in college and the profession with
which to serve the church and the society.

OBJECTIVES

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 3 | 16
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 Christian Formation
Promote Christian faith and deeper sense of community engagement among stakeholders.
Form students to be goal- oriented- empowered and mature (GEM attributes).

Excellence
Offer a relevant and comprehensive Science and Technology enhanced curriculum with the use
of excellent school facilities.

Offer comprehensive student programs to develop the students’ critical thinking, research
competencies and effective communication skills.

Provide opportunities to make career choices to prepare students’ college career path.

Linkage and Partnership

Build strong and effective partnership with stakeholders and the local community in the
implementation of school programs and projects.

Indicate a deep sense of nationalism and appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of the
country.

--------

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 4 | 16
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 Descriptive Title: GENERAL PHYSICS 2

Credit Units: 4 units

Core Subject Description: Electricity and magnetism; optics the basics of special relativity,
atomic and nuclear phenomena using the methods and concepts of algebra, geometry,
trigonometry, graphical analysis, and basic calculus.

INTRODUCTION

A blessed day to you Louisian Solvers! Welcome to the third week of our Correspondence
Learning Modality.
Congratulations on surpassing the challenge of last week’s activity. Still, we are hoping that
you and your family are in good condition, we pray that this year will bring you more blessings!
This week, other lessons and activities will be given, please try to comprehend each lesson for
you to answer the activity excellently.
Presenting to you, your Teachers in General Physics 2 for this Semester! For
queries, please feel free to contact them through the following:

Name : Angelou D. Caole, MST

CP No. : 0965-629-2802
Email : [email protected]
Facebook : Angelou Dorado Caole
Sections : St. Christina of Tyre
: St. Dymphna of Ireland
: St. Gertrude of Helfta
: St. Juliana of Nicomedia
: St. Justina of Padua
: St. Rose of Lima
Academic Advising schedule: Friday: 1:15-4:15

Name : Mica Margarette C. Andres, LPT

CP No. : 095-5093-0697
Email : [email protected]
Facebook : Mica Andres
Sections : St. Agatha of Sicily
: St. Brigid of Kildare
: St. Cecilia of Rome
: St. Martina of Rome
: St. Philomena
: St. Victoria of Cordoba
Academic Advising schedule: Friday: 1:15-4:15

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 5 | 16
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 Name : Jilmae M. Lubin, LPT
CP No. : 0966-986-0178
Email : [email protected]
Facebook: Jilmae Mangrubang Lubin
Sections : St. Aquilina of Byblos
: St. Clare of Assis
Academic Advising schedule: Friday: 1:15-4:15

For you to be guided while reading and answering the learning tasks of this module, here are the
present icons that will pop up every time you proceed to another topic of this subject matter.

Learning Content Essential Guide Questions

Learning Tasks

Trivia and Facts Generalization

GET INVOLVED.
USL expects you to do the following:

 The soft copy of the module will be sent to you every Monday.
 Send back your accomplished lessons/learning tasks as we send the copy of the next
module.
 Contact me through the contact details provided for any query that you want to make about
your lessons or procedures in school.
 Comply with all requirements (written outputs, projects/performance tasks examinations,
and the like.) Turn in learning tasks on time to avoid backlogs. Be guided by the grading
system.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 6 | 16
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 REMEMBER:
You are expected to do a lot of reading and writing on the subject. Different activities,
assessments, and performance tasks will be given that aim to measure your level of learning. In
addition, I am strictly warning you against plagiarism, especially for an essay or any written type
of activity. Plagscan and shall be used to verify the authenticity of your work. Hence, any
plagiarized output will automatically be marked 0 (This includes copy-paste output from the
internet and from your classmates.)

I am hoping that as a student, you shall do your part and will give your best in learning and
accomplishing all your tasks. This new normal may not be easy but with both our efforts, we can
still make the teaching and learning process effective.

NETIQUETTE

With the advent of social media in the 21st century, not only you are learning the latest
news updates, but you’re also using them as a fast and effective way to communicate and inform
your teachers if you encounter problems or things to clarify even if you are enrolled under Modular
approach.

So, here are some friendly reminders when sending a message to your teachers.

First, start with a proper greeting. Greeting your teacher is a sign of respect. Address your teacher
as Ma’am/ Sir or teacher. Don’t talk to them casually like starting the conversation with, “Ma’am/
Sir, I have something to ask”.

Second, introduce yourself by stating your name, section and your subject. Take note that you
are not the only student of your teacher. Your teacher is handling 5-6 sections with more than 40
students. He/she might not recognize you especially if you are using a different name in your
social media account.

Third, state the purpose of your message. It is important to be straightforward when you message
your teacher. You don’t have to ask other questions like, “How are you, Ma’am/ Sir”? Always be
specific because they have other concerns, too. You may use the following introductory lines.

I would like to ask a question regarding…

I would like to inform you that…
I was informed by my classmates that…
May I request if…

Fourth, be professional. Use formal language and make sure to observe proper capitalization
and correct punctuation. Take note that writing in all CAPSLOCK is like yelling. And the use of
correct punctuation is very important to convey well your message.

And lastly, end the conversation with a gratitude like saying “Thank You”. Do not leave your
teacher on seen after he/she responded/attended to your concern.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 7 | 16
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 If you practice good etiquette, there will be a successful transaction between you and your
teacher. Again, don’t forget to be respectful and responsible.

_________________________________________________________________________

Attached to this 5th week module is the following:

1. WEEKLY STUDY AND ASSESSMENT GUIDE

TOPIC ACTIVITIES OR TASKS

Light as an Read and comprehend all the lessons that were given.
Electromagnetic Waves
Analyze each problem and try to solve it on your own without
A. Maxwell’s looking into the solutions.
synthesis of electricity,
magnetism, and optics Answer the learning task given at the end of the module.

B. EM waves and
light Review and finalize your outputs for the week.

1. CONTENT GUIDE

For this week of this term, the following shall be your guide for the different lessons and
tasks that you need to accomplish. Be patient and read it carefully before proceeding to the tasks
expected of you.
GOOD LUCK!

Content  Light as an Electromagnetic Waves

a. Maxwell’s synthesis of electricity, magnetism, and optics

b. EM waves and light

Learning Competencies At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 define Maxwell’s Equation and EM waves;
 relate the properties of EM wave (wavelength, frequency,
speed) and the properties of vacuum and optical medium
(permittivity, permeability, and index of refraction); and,
 relate how light has been a symbol of Christ to the world.
Activity  Performance Task 2: Critical Thinking Activity
Essential Questions  What do you think is your strength that will help you to
become successful?

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 8 | 16
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 
What color in the light spectrum best represents your
goals in life?
 How do you understand Maxwell’s relation of electricity,
magnetism and light?
Value Statements  People are like measures of specific wavelengths in the
Light Spectrum. We might have different levels of energy
and intensity. We might be visible to some or invisible,
indistinguishable or distinguishable, we travel at the same
fundamental speed. In the end, our interaction with our
environment is just consequential how we are perceived.
- Aganus, A. 2022
 “Be the light that helps others see”
- Anonymous
 “Let your light shine before others that they may see your
good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.”
- Matthew 5:16
References Textbooks:

Cook, C.J. (2018). Breaking through General Physics, C & E

PUBLISHING, INC.

Caintic, H. (2018). General Physics 2, C & E PUBLISHING, INC.

Gordiano, Nicholas (2017). General Physics 2, REX

BOOKSTORE INC.

Online References:

Space.com. (n.d). Who is James Clerk Maxwell.

https://www.space.com/who-was-james-clerk-maxwell-physicist

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission

Directorate. (2010). Anatomy of an Electromagnetic Wave.
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/02_anatomy

NASA Hubble Site (n.d). The Electromagnetic Spectrum.

https://hubblesite.org/contents/articles/the-electromagnetic-
spectrum

II. LEARNING CONTENT

In our last lesson, we learned that changing magnetic field produces an electric field. A
constant electric current produces a constant magnetic field; a changing electric current
produces a changing magnetic field. It is then possible to produce oscillation that consist of
time-carrying electric field and magnetic fields together. This week is about electric magnetic
waves and the enduring story how their existence was predicted purely on paper and how they
ultimately found hiding in a plain sight.
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 9 | 16
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 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
When humans realized that nature is governed by fundamental laws, and after
electricity and magnetism were discovered, they eventually found the link between the two.
With Oersted's discovery, the biggest scientists of the century set to work at unifying electricity
and magnetism into one branch of science — electromagnetism.

Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk

Maxwell was one of those who made it their mission to
unify electricity and magnetism. He read about the
works of some great scientists but was really inspired
and guided by Faraday's and Ampere's books. In his
book, Michael Faraday comprehensively laid out his
experiments in high detail. He included not only the
successful experiments but also the unsuccessful ones.
He included his crude ideas among the more developed
ones. Maxwell was determined to express Faraday's
ideas and experimental results in mathematical
language and to lay the foundation for more work to be
done by others after him. The end result of Maxwell’s
work are the four equations, now name after him.
https://www.thoughtco.com/jam

es-clerk-maxwell-inventor-
1991689

Fig. 1: Maxwell equation for Empty Space

Maxwell's momentous contribution, the displacement current, was not the only
earthshaking result of his work. Writing the equations in a beautiful form is not the reason we are
talking about Maxwell today. He made another discovery. Differential equations require a solution
and when Maxwell found it, what he got was an equation that is recognizable to any physicist as
a wave equation. The conclusion was, therefore, inescapable: when you oscillate electric fields
and magnetic fields, you get a wave phenomenon.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 10 | 16
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 From the wave equation, it was elementary to proceed to calculate the speed of the wave
which is given by the equation:

𝟏
𝒄= √
ℇ𝝄µ𝝄

Maxwell arrived at this equation while on vacation. He needed the values of and go to fully
evaluate the result. However, he already suspected that the number was very big indeed. The
exponents of these two constants are in the order of 10−12 and 10−7 , respectively, and they are in
the denominator. This must be a really fast wave! Is there a wave that moves that fast?
Importantly, the speed of this wave depends on the two constants. Therefore, the speed of the
wave itself is a constant.

When Maxwell solved the equations of electromagnetism, he found not one but two
solutions, both of which were wave equations and were actually identical. Maxwell realized that
the math was pointing to the existence of a single electromagnetic field. When an electric field
and a magnetic field oscillate together, an electromagnetic wave is created.

From his solutions to the equations, Maxwell was able to calculate the speed of an
electromagnetic wave to be the same as the known speed of light measured using a variety of
experimental methods. It was logical, then, to conclude that light itself is an electromagnetic wave.
In the 18th century, the scientific community was divided about whether light is a wave or a
particle. Sir Isaac Newton himself, who was the leading scientist at the time, forwarded the theory
that light is a particle. To many, the fact that Newton believed that light was a particle was good
enough reason to agree. Maxwell's theories, lacking in experimental evidence, was on the other
side, the less popular one.

Scientists had long studied wave motion. We know that there are two types of waves:
transverse and longitudinal. There was experimental evidence that light waves are transverse.
One of the solutions to Maxwell's equations shows that electromagnetic waves (and light) are an
electromagnetic plane wave. A plane wave is a traveling wave that has a wave front that consists
of a plane described by the electric field vector and the magnetic field vector at right angles to
each other. A traveling wave is simply a wave that moves from place to place (unlike stationary
waves that stay in place). To visualize traveling waves, make ripples on water. As you may
observe in the ripples on water, the waves travel away from the point where the disturbance is
made.

https://www.google.com/search?q=ripple+in+water+&tbm=isch
&ve
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 11 | 16
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es-clerk-maxwell-inventor-1991689
 How do you understand Maxwell’s relation of electricity, magnetism, and light?

The alternate production of the

magnetic field and the electric filed by a
vibrating electric charge propagates EM
waves. An electromagnetic wave is
understood to be a transverse wave
produced by a vibrating electric charge.
Being a wave, an EM wave possesses the
characteristics of wavelengths, frequency,
and speed.
https://web.pa.msu.edu/courses/2000fall/phy232/lecture
s/emwaves/maxwell.html

The wavelength is the measurement of the

distance between the successive crests (highest es-clerk-maxwell-inventor-1991689
points) or troughs (lowest points) of a wave. The
frequency is the number of waves that propagate
in a unit of time, which is usually in seconds. The
speed is how fast the wave is propagating. Based
on the wave equation, you have
https://www.google.com/search?q=wavelength
+crest&client

𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
gx&hs=uN2&sxsrf=
𝑚
Where: 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛
𝑠
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑧 𝑜𝑟 /𝑠
𝜆 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that have the capability of propagating
even without any medium. This means an EM wave can travel through a vacuum, unlike
a sound wave that needs the molecules of a medium to propagate from one point to
another. As EM waves enter any medium, various properties of the medium dictate how
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 12 | 16
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 EM waves will propagate. Two of the most common properties are electric permittivity and
magnetic permeability. Electric permittivity is related to the energy stored in an electric
field, whereas magnetic permeability is similar to the energy stored in a magnetic field.
Their collective effect to light is given by the equation

1
𝑐=
√𝜇0 𝜀0
In this equation, c is the speed of light, 𝜇0 is the magnetic permeability and 𝜀0 is the
electric permittivity. From this equation, you can infer that the magnetic permeability and
electric permittivity are inversely proportional to the speed of light. In other words, as either
the magnetic permeability or the electric permittivity increases, the speed of light
decreases. Conversely, a decrease in the values of the constant quantities considers a
higher value for the speed of light.

To summarized, these are what we know about electromagnetic waves:

They are a travelling electromagnetic waves.
𝑚
They move at the speed c = 3 × 10^8 .
𝑠
The E vector is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
The B vector is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
E and B are in phase. When one is maximum, the other is also maximum; when one
is zero, the other is also zero.
E is perpendicular to B at all times.
The plane describe by E and B is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Now we know that electromagnetic waves carry energy. This energy determines their
wavelength and frequency. The observable differences between Hertz’s waves (radio waves) and
the light waves. We can then arrange all the known electromagnetic waves along a line of
increasing energy or decreasing wavelength into what is known as electromagnetic spectrum.

https://www.google.com/search?q=elctromagnetic+spectrum&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj9xbvk6KXvAhWWxIsBHZRS

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 13 | 16
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 The electromagnetic spectrum is often arranged from long to short waves from left to right.
This gives us waves of increasing frequency and increasing energy. At the left end are the many
kinds of radio waves and their myriad uses. They range in size from enormous waves to those
just smaller than infrared. The broad divisions of the electromagnetic spectrum are radio wave,
microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray.

Visible light, or simply light, takes up a narrow portion of the spectrum, between around
400 nm to 750 nm. These consist of the colors that human eyes are normally sensitive to. These
colors ROYGBV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) are given in the order of decreasing
wavelength, with red having the longest and violet having the shortest wavelength. Blue and
violet, having the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum, also have the highest frequencies
and therefore the greatest energy. This is why blue flame is hotter; it has more energy than red
flames.

An electromagnetic wave like any periodic wave has frequency f and wavelength 𝝀 that
are related to the speed v of the wave by v = f λ. For electromagnetic waves travelling through
a vacuum or, to a good approximation, through air, the speed is v = c, so

𝑐 = 𝑓𝜆
To understand it further, let’s solve this problem.

Problem 1: Find the range in wavelengths (in vacuum) in visible light in the frequency range
between 4.0𝑥1014 𝐻𝑧 (red light) and 7.9𝑥1014 𝐻𝑧 (violet light). Express the answers in
nanometers.

Given:

𝝀𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 4.0𝑥1014 𝐻𝑧

𝝀𝒗𝒊𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 7.9𝑥1014 𝐻𝑧

Solution:
𝑚
𝑐 3.0𝑥108 1𝑛𝑚
𝑎. 𝜆 = = 4.0𝑥1014𝐻𝑧 = 7.5𝑥10−7 𝑚 (10−9 𝑚) = 750 nm
𝑠
𝑓
𝑚
𝑐 3.0𝑥108 𝑠 1𝑛𝑚
𝑏. 𝜆 = = = 3.8𝑥10−7 𝑚 (10−9𝑚) = 380 nm
𝑓 7.9𝑥1014𝐻𝑧

Therefore, the range of wavelength of red light is 750 nm whereas, the violet
light is 380 nm which is relatively longer that the red light.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 14 | 16
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 Problem 2: Calculate the frequency of green light having a wavelength of 514.5 nm ( a
nanometer is equal to 1 × 10−9 m.)

Given: λ = 514.5 nm; the frequency f of green light is:

Solution:

8
𝑐 3 × 10 m
f = = 5.145 × 10 = 5.83 × 1014 Hz
λ −9
m

Therefore, the frequency of green light is 𝟓. 𝟖𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝐇𝐳

What color in the light spectrum best represents your goals in life?

People are like measures of specific wavelengths in the Light Spectrum. We might have
different levels of energy and intensity. We might be visible or invisible, indistinguishable or
distinguishable. In the end, our interaction with our environment is just consequential on
how we are perceived. Therefore, choose to be the light that helps others to see, just like
what God has written in Matthew 5:16, “Let your light shine before others that they may see
your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.” In this world full of pains, sorrows,
burdens, challenges and triumphs may we become God’s instrument in radiating pleasures,
joys, reliefs, solutions and defeats for other people to believe that God is the light and we
shall have faith, for us to be guided in times of darkness.

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 P a g e 15 | 16
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 GENERALIZATION
Maxwell improved Ampere’s law by including displacement current and found that
electromagnetic waves can be generated, and they propagate independently of the circuit that
generated them. Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space. Their speed through
empty space is given by the equation:

𝟏
𝒄= √
ℇ𝝄µ𝝄

Which yields to the constant speed of light equal to 3 × 108 m/s.

Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that have the capability of propagating even
without any medium. This means an EM wave can travel through a vacuum, unlike a sound wave
that needs the molecules of a medium to propagate from one point to another. As EM waves enter
any medium, various properties of the medium dictate how EM waves will propagate. Two of the
most common properties are electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. Electric permittivity
is related to the energy stored in an electric field, whereas magnetic permeability is similar to the
energy stored in a magnetic field.

Electromagnetic spectrum is often arranged from long to short waves from left to right.
This gives us waves of increasing frequency and increasing energy. At the left end are the many
kinds of radio waves and their myriad uses. They range in size from enormous waves to those
just smaller than infrared. The broad divisions of the electromagnetic spectrum are radio wave,
microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma ray.

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