7

Technology and
Livelihood Education

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 8: PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (MC) II
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region 10

Regional Director: Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Spark Erl E. Balicog
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Sheena B. Gomonit
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Evaluators: Ray Salcedo, DIC, Panaon District

Nena T. Arcay, School Head, Baliangao, SOF
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Illustrator and Layout Artist: Spark Erl E. Balicog

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Regional Director
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Edwin V. Palma,PSDS
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 7
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Module 8

PERFORM MENSURATION
AND CALCULATION (MC) II

This instructional material is collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Region 10 at
[email protected]

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 7 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (MC) II!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know ---------------- 2
What’s In ---------------- 6
What’s New ---------------- 7
What is It ---------------- 8
What’s More ---------------- 15
What I Have Learned ---------------- 16
What I Can Do ---------------- 17
Assessment ---------------- 18
Additional Activities ---------------- 22
Answer Key ---------------- 23
References ---------------- 24
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you carry out mensuration and calculation. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Convert Decimal to Binary (TLE_ICTAN9-12-12MC-If-2);

2. Compute the actual storage capacity a Memory, Data Storage, Video
Card, and the actual speed of a Processor (TLE_ICTAN9-12-12MC-If-
2); and
3. Apply different techniques in checking the conversion from Decimal to
Binary, and the computation of the ideal storage capacity and speed
(TLE_ICTAN9-12-12MC-If-2).

1
 What I Know

Multiple Choice: Read the sentences carefully then choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook.

1. The primary language for computers that is made up of only two

numbers: 0 and 1.
A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

2. Abbreviation of binary digit.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

3. A unit of computer data consisting of 8 bits.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

4. The number system of 10.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

2
5. Used to denote the clock speed of the processor.
A. gigabit
B. megabit
C. gigabyte
D. gigahertz

6. Binary prefix kilo- is symbolized by

A. K
B. I
C. L
D. O

7. 1 MB is equivalent to
A. 210 B
B. 1,048,576 B
C. 1 Million Bytes
D. 2 with a power of 30 B

8. The value of binary 10 in decimal is

A. 1
B. 2
C. 10
D. 01

9. Decimal number 9 in binary is

A. 0000 0001
B. 0000 0011
C. 0000 0101
D. 0000 1001

3
10. A byte consists of how many bit/s?
A. 1 bit
B. 4 bits
C. 8 bits
D. 16 bits

11. Sixteen (16) bits is equal to

A. 1 byte
B. 2 bytes
C. 3 bytes
D. 4 bytes

12. The value of 220 is

A. 1 mega
B. 1048576
C. 1,048,576
D. All are correct

13. The following are the steps in converting Decimal to Binary:

I. Divide the decimal number by 2.
II. Get the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
III. Get the remainder and multiply the quotient by 10.
IV. Write the product of the remainder next to your quotient.
V. Divide the quotient by 2.
VI. Repeat steps II, IV, and V until you get a quotient of 0.
VII. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to the
top.

A. I, II, IV, VI
B. I, III, V, VI
C. I, II, IV, V, VI
D. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

4
14. Checking your answer after computation is very important. Why?
A. To know if your computation is correct.
B. To know if you arrived at the correct answer.
C. To determine the errors of your computation.
D. All of the choices are correct.

15. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Unlike people, computers can only understand 0 and 1.
B. Computers only understand the decimal number system.
C. Computers does not understand the binary number system.
D. There are only 10 types of people in this world: those who
understand decimal and those who don’t.

5
 Lesson
Perform Mensuration and
5 Calculation (MC) II
LO2: Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

What’s In

On the previous module, you have defined and identified the different
components that needs to be measured before we can install a 2D animation
software.

Can you remember those components?

Do you still remember its definitions?

Where can we find the system information of our computer?

How about the data storage capacity and video card information?

Write your answers on your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook. (All answers

will be accepted)

6
 What’s New

Activity 1: Word Bank

Directions: Choose the word from the bank that is being defined in each item.
Write your answers on your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook.

1. A base 2 number system that is made up of only two numbers: 0 and 1.

2. It a binary prefix that denotes a million.
3. The base-10 number system.
4. Data storage capacity that composed of eight (8) bits.
5. A clock speed of a processor.

Bank
Decimal Binary Giga gigabyte
Byte Bit Mega gigahertz

7
 What is It

Did you find the exact words in the Word Bank activity?

Are the words new to you? If No, what are those words?

If yes, don’t worry, those words will be tackled in this lesson.

Definition of Terms

Binary – the primary language for computers that is made up of only two
numbers: 0 and 1.

Binary Prefix – used to represent the quantity in terms of byte or bit in

computing.

Decimal – a base 10 number system.

Bit (b) – short for binary digit, either 0 or 1.

Byte (B) – a unit of computer information consisting of eight (8) bits.

gigahertz (GHz) – also known as clock rate or clock speed of the processor.

How to Read Binary

Binary is a base-2 number system, where the number two (2) is raised
by an exponent (n-1). The exponent is denoted by the digits’ place (n) and
subtracted by 1, wherein it increases as you move through each position
starting from the right, going to the left.

For example, number 2 on the first position, so that is 2 raised by n-1, wherein
n=1.
2(n-1) = 2(1-1) = 20

8
 Considering the given table below, the first position is the rightmost cell
and the leftmost position is the last cell.

Position
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
(n-1)
Exponent
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
2(Position)
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Note: The first place should be 1 but since it is (n-1) subtracted by 1, it becomes
0.

The first value is equivalent to 1 because 20 is equal to 1.

Note: Any value with an exponent of 0 is always equal to 1.

The second value is 21 is 2 because it is just 2 itself multiplied by 1.

The third value is 4 because 22 = 2 x 2 = 4, 23 = 8 because 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8,
and so on and so forth.

In binary, 1 is equals to ON/TRUE and 0 is OFF/FALSE.

To read a binary number, get the turned-ON value/s only and sum it up,
no need to include the turned-OFF value/s. For example:

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0000 0001 = 1

Get the sum: 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1

Or simply get the turned-ON value which is 1.

9
Multiple values example:

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

0000 0101 = 5

The binary number 0000 0101 is equivalent to 5 because the turned-ON

values are: (ALWAYS START FROM THE RIGHT)

1 and 4

Then get the sum: 1 + 4 = 5

Number 5 and the “Value” in the tables are examples of decimal

numbers, the number system that we have known since we learned how to
count numbers.

For us humans, but for computers,

1 0000 0001
+ 2 + 0000 0010
---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------

3 0000 0011

Note: Each group of eight bits is known as a byte.

8 bits = 1 byte
That is how the computer represented the letters and numbers, and all
the data that you can see in the computer like images and videos.

10
Decimal to Binary Conversion

In converting a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is:

1. Divide the decimal number by 2.
2. Write the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
Rule: If the remainder is 0.5, it is equivalent to 1.
3. Write the product of the remainder next to your quotient.
4. Divide the quotient by 2.
5. Repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 until you get a quotient of 0.
6. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to the top, that is the
binary value of the decimal number.

Example:

Convert 19 to binary

Decimal number / 2 Quotient Remainder

19/2 9 1
9/2 4 1
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
½ 0 1

Note: To make it as a byte, add 0s on the left.

Checking

There are two ways to check if the conversion is accurate.

Method 1: Binary Table

1. Create a binary table.

2. Input the binary value into the table properly. Each digit should be
entered on the correct column starting from the right to the left.

11
 Decimal 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

3. Then add the decimal values with a 1.

16 + 2 + 1 = 19

Method 2: Binary to Decimal Conversion

1. Multiply the bits with each corresponding value.

Note: Always start on the right.
2. Get the sum.

1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + 0 x 4 + 0 x 8 + 1 x 16 + 0 x 32 + 0 x 64 + 0 x 128

1 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 0

= 19

Therefore: 19 = 0001 0011

Binary Prefixes
Also called as prefix multipliers consisting of a one-letter abbreviation and the
prefix it stands for.

For example:

1 KB = 1 kilobytes
2 GHz = 2 gigahertz

Some Prefixes and Multipliers

Prefix Symbol Power of 2
kilo- K 210
mega- M 220
giga- G 230
tera- T 240
peta- P 250

12
Going back to the example before, the 1 KB.

1 KB = 1 kilobytes,
1 kilobytes = 210 bytes,
210 bytes = 1,024 bytes

Therefore: 1 KB = 1,024 bytes

If you can notice, a 1 KB is not an exact 1,000 bytes but actually its 1,024
bytes because the computer uses binary code in translating capacity and
speed. So, if you have a hard disk with a capacity of 500 GB, its actual size is
536,870,912,000 bytes, and not 500,000,000,000 bytes.

On the contrary, you cannot view a 1 KB file as an actual 1,024 bytes in

your computer because it’s just how Windows represented it. There are a lot of
factors involved in it and it will not be tackled in this lesson.

The presented capacity of a file or component when viewing in your

computer is dependent on the OS and the manufacturer. What you have
learned here is the actual values in computing and how computers are being
engineered in terms of capacity and speed.

Data Storage Capacity Calculation

In a storage device, you need to know its capacity as well as how much
space was used and free.
For example, you have an 8 GB flash drive. You want to copy a file with
a size of 1 GB and your flash drive’s free space is 2 GB. How much free space
will be left after you copied that file to your flash drive?

Computation:
Let FC = free space of flash drive after copying
SC = 1 GB (size of the file you want to copy)
FS = 2 GB (free space of flash drive before copying)

13
FC = FS – SC
FC = 2 GB – 1 GB
FC = 1 GB
Therefore, there will be only 1 GB of free space in your flash drive after copying
the file.

Checking:
Use the equation FC = FS – SC:
FC = FS – SC
1 GB = 2 GB – 1 GB
1 GB = 1 GB

Therefore, your computation is correct!

14
 What’s More

Activity 2: Check Me!

Directions: Perform the following activity below. Write your answers on your
TLE-Animation Activity Notebook. Make sure to show your solutions with
checking.

1. Convert decimal 100 to binary.

2. You have a hard drive that has a used space of 143 GB and you want to
delete files amounting to 123 GB, how much will be the used space after
deleting the files?

15
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Fill in the blanks

Directions: Fill the blanks with the correct word/s in the sentences. Write your
answers in your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook.

1. A is the only language that the computer understands.

2. The symbol K denotes as a prefix.

3. The number system is base 10.

4. A is equivalent to 8 bits.

5. Bit is an abbreviation of .

16
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: I Am a Computer

Directions: In this activity, you will act as the computer where you will convert
values so that you can understand the data given to you and determine if a file
can be saved to your storage. Write your answers on your TLE-Animation Activity
Notebook. Show your solutions and check.

1. The user inputted the number 143, how will you convert that number to
a value that you understand?

2. You have a storage drive that has a free space of 10 MB only and a user
wants to put a file with a size of 40 MB. What will you do?

17
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read the sentences carefully then choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook.

1. The primary language for computers that is made up of only two

numbers: 0 and 1.
A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

2. Abbreviation of binary digit.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

3. A unit of computer data consisting of 8 bits.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

4. The number system of 10.

A. Bit
B. Byte
C. Binary
D. Decimal

18
5. Used to denote the clock speed of the processor.
A. gigabit
B. megabit
C. gigabyte
D. gigahertz

6. Binary prefix kilo- is symbolized by

A. K
B. I
C. L
D. O

7. 1 MB is equivalent to
A. 210 B
B. 1,048,576 B
C. 1 Million Bytes
D. 2 with a power of 30 B

8. The value of binary 10 in decimal is

A. 1
B. 2
C. 10
D. 01

9. Decimal number 9 in binary is

A. 0000 0001
B. 0000 0011
C. 0000 0101
D. 0000 1001

19
10. A byte consists of how many bit/s?
A. 1 bit
B. 4 bits
C. 8 bits
D. 16 bits

11. Sixteen (16) bits is equal to

A. 1 byte
B. 2 bytes
C. 3 bytes
D. 4 bytes

12. The value of 220 is

A. 1 mega
B. 1048576
C. 1,048,576
D. All are correct

13. The following are the steps in converting Decimal to Binary, EXCEPT:
I. Divide the decimal number by 2.
II. Get the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
III. Get the remainder and multiply the quotient by 10.
IV. Write the product of the remainder next to your quotient.
V. Divide the quotient by 2.
VI. Repeat steps II, IV, and V until you get a quotient of 0.
VII. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to the
top.

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

20
14. Which of the following statements is NOT correct on why we check our
answer after computation?
A. You will know if you arrived at the correct answer.
B. You can determine the errors of your computation.
C. If you are sure of your answer, no need to check it.
D. You will be able to know if your computation is correct.

15. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Unlike people, computers can only understand 0 and 1.
B. Computers can only understand the binary number system.
C. Computers can only understand the decimal number system.
D. There are only 10 types of people in this world: those who
understand binary and those who don’t.

21
 Additional Activities

Activity 5: Binary Initial

Directions: Get the binary value of your first name initial. Write your answer in
your TLE-Animation Activity Notebook. Show your solutions and checking.

Ex. First name: Juan

First name initial: J
Convert: J = 01001010

Please refer to the table below.

Character Decimal Character Decimal

A 65 N 78
B 66 O 79
C 67 P 80
D 68 Q 81
E 69 R 82
F 70 S 83
G 71 T 84
H 72 U 85
I 73 V 86
J 74 W 87
K 75 X 88
L 76 Y 89
M 77 Z 90

22
 23
What I Know Assessment
1. C 1. C
2. A 2. A
3. B Activity 3 3. B
4. D 1. Binary 4. D
5. D 2. kilo 5. D
6. A 3. decimal 6. A
7. B 4. 1 byte 7. B
8. B or byte 8. B
9. D 5. binary 9. D
Activity 1
10. C digit 10. C
1. Binary
11. B 11. B
2. Mega Activity 2
12. D 12. D
3. Decimal 1. 0110
13. C 13. C
4. Byte 0100
14. D 14. C
5. gigahertz 2. 20 GB
15. A 15. C
Answer Key
 References

Calora, Alvin. 2014. "Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation". Accessed

June 1, 2020. https://prezi.com/sxp3xaehyb2u/lo-2-carry-out-
mensuration-and-calculation/.

Computer Hope. 2019. "Binary". Accessed June 1, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/binary.htm.

Rouse, Margaret. n.d. "Kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa, zetta and all
that". Accessed June 1, 2020. https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/
definition/Kilo-mega-giga-tera-peta-and-all-that.

Yadav, Chandu. 2018. "Decimal Number System". Accessed June 2,

2020. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/decimal-number-system.

Computer Hope. 2020. "Bit". Accessed June 2, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bit.htm.

Merriam-Webster. n.d. "byte". Accessed June 2, 2020.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/byte.

Computer Hope. 2018. "GHz". Accessed June 1, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/ghz.htm.

24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: [email protected]