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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE

By: Dr. Nor Azizi Yusoff (AT REST)

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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

Estimating K0
In a homogeneous natural soil deposit, For normally consolidated clays and granular soils,
GL K0 = 1 – sin ’
v’
h’ For overconsolidated clays,
X
K0,overconsolidated = K0,normally consolidated OCR0.5
the ratio h’/v’ is a constant known as
coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0). From elastic analysis,

K0  Poisson’s
Importantly, at K0 state, there are no lateral 1  ratio
strains.
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Determine the lateral earth force at rest per unit length of the wall. Also
determine the location of the resultant force. Assume OCR=1.
Example 7.1

LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE

(ACTIVE)

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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

Example 7.3
Assume this retaining wall can yield sufficiently to develop an active
state. Determine the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall
and the location of the resultant line of action.
Rankine’s coefficient of
active earth pressure

[ h ' ]active  K A v '

1  sin 
KA   tan 2 (45   / 2)
1  sin 

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Source: GNP (2009)

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Source: GNP (2009)

Source: GNP (2009)

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Metal strips Nonbiodegradable fabrics (geotextiles) Nonbiodegradable fabrics (geotextiles)

Combination process:
• Chemical bonding
• Thermal bonding
• Mechanical bonding

Main functions:
• Drainage
• Filtration
• Separation
• Reinforcement

Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

• Geogrid

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MSE wall with Metallic Strip

Reinforcement

Main components:
• Backfill (Granular)
• Reinforcing strips
• A cover (skin)

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MSE Design using metal

strips
Internal stability
• Tie Force per unit
length
• FS for Breaking
• FS for Pullout
• Total length of tie

External Stability
• Overturning
• Sliding
• Bearing Capacity

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Example 8.5

Sheet Pile Wall:

pp: 437-469

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YHKa

(Ysat-Yw)L2 Ka +YHKa

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Anchored Sheet Pile Wall : Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay

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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design Cuts in Sand

Strut loads

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Cuts in Clay (Soft to Medium) Cuts in Clay (Stiff Clay)

Limitations…
When….

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Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil

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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut

Struts
• min. vertical spacing = 2.75m
• load carrying capacity depends on their
slenderness ratio
• vertical & horizontal support at
intermediate point can be placed
• splicing can be done
• Depth of first strut … should be less than
the depth of tensile crack

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Example 10.1

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Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI Principles of Foundation Engineering, SI

Example 10.2

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Example 10.2 (cont.)

• Washington State Department of

Transport

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