STS Module Week 6 7 FINAL
STS Module Week 6 7 FINAL
STS Module Week 6 7 FINAL
Week 6-7: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are
expected to:
A. Examine shared concerns that make up the good life to contemporary issues
guided by ethical standards;
Metalanguage
Nicomachean ethics by Aristotle - a philosophical inquiry into the nature of the
good life for a human being. It emphasized what is truly virtuous and
what is mistakenly thought to be so.
1. The virtue of justice - Aristotle says justice consists in what is lawful and
fair, with fairness involving equitable distributions and the correction of
what is inequitable. He makes a distinction between natural justice and
legal justice.
Natural justice is the same in all times and places in a sense, that
comprised by the laws that order the universe and that order beings
toward their ends. Legal justice is that which is just according to law; it
ought to be in accordance with natural justice.
3. The Good- Aristotle posits that the Good is the supreme goal of life. This
ultimate good which is both final and self-sufficient, thus, he defines this as
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happiness. There must be one final end of all human actions which is
done on purpose and for a definite/final goal as desired for its own sake.
5. Virtue - Virtue is a mean by two extremes, and its exercise thus requires
prudence in order to determine what the mean is for specific
circumstances. Virtues are acquired by habituation. There are four
requirements for virtue: a person (1) know what he is doing, (2) intend the
action for its own sake, (3) take pleasure in it and (4) do it with certainty
and firmness. When a person performs a virtuous action but does it in
opposition to his desires, he is continent but not virtuous.
Aristotle discusses eleven virtues: courage, temperance,
generosity, magnificence, magnanimity, right ambition, good
temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, and justice in his
Nicomachean ethics.
7. Prudence - it is the virtue which one must develop in order to attain moral
virtue and to find the correct mean in all of one's actions. Prudence is an
intellectual virtue, and is the ability to deliberate well regarding human
actions. From Aristotle's words, "to know what is good for oneself"
(1142a).
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Essential Knowledge
Everyone is in pursuit of good life. We want to achieve a life which will make
us happy and content. Below, are Aristotle’s definitions of good.
Example: Financial stability for one’s family, the power achieved from
winning the elections, or the harmony and peace as a reward for taking
the environment)
Happiness defines a good life, not the kind that comes from sensate
pleasures. It is which comes from living a life of virtue (a life of excellence,
manifested from the personal to global scale).
Example: Making sure that one avoids sugary and processed foods to
keep healthy; taking care of the environment through proper waste
management which results in a clean environment and adds people’s
well-being and happiness.)
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Virtue plays a significant role in the living and attainment of the good life. It is
the constant practice of the good no matter how difficult the circumstances
may be. It is the excellence of character that empowers one to do and be
good.
Two kinds of virtue (a) intellectual virtue (the main owes its birth and growth to
teaching), and (b) moral virtue (comes about as a result of habit).
The intellectual virtue depends to a large extent on the education received,
both for its production for its increase, so does it need experience and time.
The moral virtue, by contrast, is the product of habit
Modern Concepts/Morality
Many (traditional) moral theories are unable to meet the second
criterion and simply fall short of the high demands of applied ethics to solve the
complex moral problems of our times. The traditional moral theories are not
sufficiently well equipped to deal with completely new problems such as issues
concerning nuclear power, gene technology, and cloning and so forth. Thus, there
must be a constant interest in updating and enhancing a particular moral theory in
order to make it compatible with the latest demands.
The following are the two main moral theories of modern virtue ethics (or neo-
Aristotelianism):
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2. Utilitarianism-
Jeremy Bentham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and
Legislation (1789) and John Stuart Mill in Utilitarianism (1863) are the
founders of utilitarianism. They pointed out that utility should be seen
as an important standard of evaluation in ethical reasoning and
decision-making.
The following four main aspects are typical for each utilitarian
theory:
1. The consequence principle: Utilitarianism is not about actions but
about the consequences of actions which means that the moral
worth of the particular action is determined by its outcome.
The upshot is, however, that the vital question of how to live a good life
cannot be separated from the essential question of how one should act. Both
questions are intimately interwoven and a complete ethical theory will always be
concerned with both issues.
Thus, in connection to the onward progress of science and technology is also
the movement towards the good life since it is the highest expressions of human
faculties by allowing us to thrive and flourish in life if we desire it. Science and
technology may also corrupt a person, but by grounding oneself in virtue will help
him/her steer clear of danger.
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Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:
Tim, "Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics (Summary), April 24, 2012, " in Philosophy &
Philosophers, April 24, 2012, https://www.the-philosophy.com/aristotle-
nicomachean-ethics-summary.
Let’s Check
Activity 6. Now that you’ve understand the deep meaning of good life as it posited by
Aristotle. Write your answer on the spaces provided below.
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Let’s Analyze
Activity 6. At this point, you may have formed a better grasp of what is good.
Please answer the questions below.
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___________________________________________________________________________
2. What doe Aristotle say about the good life? How would you relate the
Aristotelian concept of good life with the contemporary world?
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______________________________________________________________
3. How does the progress in science and technology contribute towards the
attainment of good life?
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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In a Nutshell
Activity 6. In this unit, we learned that good life is everyone’s ultimate goal. We may
have different understanding and perception on how to achieve this especially in the
contemporary world. In this part, you shall draw conclusions, form perspectives, craft
arguments, and ideas from the unit lesson. The first item is provided for your
reference. You need to provide the succeeding items.
1. Aiming to have a good life is very relevant for us since we believe it gives us
happiness. Through science and technology, complete technological
instruments used for attaining our basic needs, we believe one is already
living a good life. Thus, Aristotle’s definition of good life reminded us that living
with virtue that constitutes happiness are already a good life. In the
contemporary world, we need to carry always the virtue even if there will be a
highest application of such technology to aim good life
2. ______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Q & A Lists
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keyword Index
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Metalanguage
The most essential terms below are defined for you to have a better understanding
of this section in the course
Essential Knowledge
The good life entails living in a just and progressive society whose citizens
have the freedom to flourish. Everyone has the autonomy to make choices which
may enable the flourishing of his/her self and the society.
Human dignity – is an ultimate core value of our existence. From the 1987
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE II: The
State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights.
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b. Dignity can express and serve as the grounds for enforcing various
substantive values. Substantive forms of dignity require living in a certain
way. Dignity may require behaving, for example, with self-control, courage,
or modesty. This dignity embodies a particular view of what constitutes the
good life for man, what makes human life flourish for the individual as well
as the community.
When we fully recognize and appreciate this truth in ourselves and in all the
persons around us, regardless of their status in life, then we pave the way for a just
and progressive society.
The following are some of the fundamental articles of human rights that are
vital and necessary in the pursuit of good life:
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HUMAN VS ROBOTS
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https://www.google.com/search?q=human+vs+robot&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijqL3i8pbq
AhUBHqYKHTg4D4oQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=758&bih=587#imgrc=SCCoMROvFV_n4M
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Human nature may be corrupted when the powers of our mind, our
rationality and our science and technology become manifest, and not
able to rein in the vanity arrogance such unleashed powers, then we
are on the way to destroying the world.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:
Messerly, Jonh (2014). Bill Joy: Why The Future Doesn’t Need Us. Retrieved from
https://reasonandmeaning.com/2016/02/15/summary-of-bill-joys-why-the-
future-doesnt-need-us/
United Nations: Peace, Dignity and Equality on a Healthy Planet. Retrieved from
https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html
GOV,PH Official Gazette Open Data Portal . THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE II. Retrieved from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines-article-ii/
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Let’s Check
Activity 7. Now, that you already have an understanding on the effect when
technology and humanity cross. You’re also able to identify our human rights and
how rational thinking is imperative especially in the use of science and technology.
It’s time for you to write your answers below on the blank provided before each item:
___________________ 8. What article of human right is violated when not when the
laws of the country are not followed and justice is served
without due process?
Let’s Analyze
Activity 7. At this portion, you are required to answer briefly the questions below:
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1. How does science and technology affect contemporary life and vice versa?
______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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4. Do you believe that Google makes people stupid? Cite at least three
examples to support your assertion.
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______________________________________________________________
5. Explain Bill Joy’s article “why the future does not need us?”
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
In A Nutshell
Activity 7. Now, you learned and even made realizations about our human
rights in the changing technological advancements. Thus, you are required to write
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your arguments or general point of views about this matter. I write first on the first
item and you do the rest.
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Q & A Lists
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Keyword Index
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Metalanguage
The following terms below are essential to understand the context of
this unit. Remember these terms as you go through the topic.
Essential Knowledge
Humans are surrounded on all sides by technology claiming to supply
information
such as: television, smart phones, and internet devices and among others. Before
the printed word, the written word was prevalent as mentioned in the previous
chapters. Yet, the intent to carry information has always been present.
The following explains how human and social impacts of the development in
the information age and the evolution of technology as well.
INFORMATION
Word – a combination of sounds that represents something. Made up sounds
and yet they transmit something more significant (message). Words
are informed with meaning given by a speaker and intended for the
listener. They communicate meaning.
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Science, from the Latin word scire (meaning to know), one kind of
knowledge the Greeks wanted to understand.
Plato’s principle “One and the Many”, refers to the underlying unity
among diverse beings in the natural world. According to him, there is a
common intrinsic nature shared by different objects, which determines
their real sense.
Galileo Galilei – said “the laws of nature are written in the language of
mathematics, symbols are triangles, circles and other
geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to
comprehend a single word.”
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TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD
Started by the early people and the ancient time Western thinkers
harnessed forces of nature after understanding them better.
It was never recorded when early people realized that fire has its own
power and energy.
Lost in antiquity is the first sailing vessel that that worked through the
power of the wind.
A primitive steam engine invented in 1st century by Hero of Alexandria
The ability to think and conceptually comprehend nature and the principles it
follows eventually leads to science.
https://interestingengineering.com/the-invention-and-history-of-the-printing-press
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Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:
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World Wide Web Foundation (2008-2020): The History of the Web Sir Tim Berners-
Lee https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/
Let’s Check
Activity 8. Now, that you have learned the most essential concepts about the social
impacts of the developments in the information age and its technological evolution
from the past to the present. Let’s try to check your understanding of these concepts.
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Classify the following statements with your chosen answer such as: INFORMATION,
ROLE OF A LANGUAGE, MATHEMATICS AS A LANGUAGE, TECHNOLOGICAL
WORLD, PRINTING PRESS, and WORLD WIDE WEB. Write your answers on the
space provided.
Let’s Analyze
Activity 8. You are required to explain briefly your answers on the questions below.
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. How did the transmission of information evolve from the ancient times up
to the present?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. How did the printing press change the course of history? What ideas were
spread using this invention?
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______________________________________________________________
4. Social media which facilitates the sharing of information, ideas, and other
content in different parts of the globe. If social media was deactivated for a
month in the country, what would possibly happen?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
In a Nutshell
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Activity 1. Based from what you’ve learned in this unit, on the definition of
the most essential terms and concepts, and the learning exercise that you have
done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below.
1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Q & A Lists
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Keyword Index
Information Language
Technological world One and the many
CERN World wide web
Printing press eidos
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