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The document describes the basic parts of an airplane including the fuselage, wings, tail, engines, landing gear, and control surfaces like ailerons and elevators. It explains the location and basic function of each part using an A400M military transport airplane as an example.

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12 views1 page

Subtitle

The document describes the basic parts of an airplane including the fuselage, wings, tail, engines, landing gear, and control surfaces like ailerons and elevators. It explains the location and basic function of each part using an A400M military transport airplane as an example.

Uploaded by

tainguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flight mechanics is about airplanes and

it is important to know the name of the basic part of


an airplane as well as their functions. And also to be able to describe its
geometry with precisely defined terms and parameters. Let's take a tour of this
A400M
military transport airplane, which is part of the collection of
the Toulouse Air Museum Aeroscopia. As you can see an airplane is
mainly a fuselage and a wings. The fuselage's main function
is to carry the payload, but also to connect the various
aerodynamic surfaces. The front is called the nose and
the aft part is called the tail. The wing is the main lifting surface in
charge of producing the lift that will balance the airplane weight
during steady level flight. The wing is a hold surface and can be
split into two whole things, although I will frequently use the improper
expression right wing and left wing. Regarding left and right, we always
consider the pilot point of view. So here is the right half wing,
and here is the left one. At the tail of the airplane, we find
a vertical surface called the fin or vertical stabilizer and
also the horizontal stabilizer. Airplanes are usually equipped
with a propulsion system. Here, the propulsion system
includes four engines. Its function is to provide
mechanical energy to the airplane. This energy is used to gain speed
during take-off, to climb, and also to compensate for
the energy loss due to aerodynamic drag. Each engine is composed of a gas
turbine driving a propeller. The area where the halfl wing connects
with the fuselage is a wing root and the opposite end is called the wing tip. A
closer look at the fin shows that it
includes a moving part called the rudder. We see also that the rigging angle of
the horizontal stabilizer may be adjusted. Such a design is called a trimmable
horizontal stabilizer, or THS. As for the fin,
the horizontal stabilizer is equipped with a pair of moving controls
surfaces called the elevators. The win is equipped with a series of
moving surfaces. From the wing root to the wing tip, we find: two flaps, here in
the retracted position, a series of five spoilers. Their functions are to destroy
lift at
landing, to assist in roll control and to provide extra drag during descent and
deceleration. Close to the wing tip,
we find a pair of ailerons, one on each half wing used for
roll control. When the airplane is on the ground, the
weight is mainly supported by the main landing gear. But an auxiliary landing gear
is
used to balance the airplane and contribute to the heading
control on ground. On tricycle configuration,
the most common nowadays, the auxillary landoing gear
is below the nose, but on some older classical configuration, it can be located at
the tail of the airplane. [SOUND]

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