CE A82 – Building Design II

Elements of Plumbing
 DEFINITION
PLUMBING – it is the art and technique of installing pipes,
fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the
supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing
them; and such water, liquid and other carried-wastes
hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property; also the pipes
and fixtures after installation i.e., the ‘plumbing system’.
 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
Plumbing System – it includes all potable water supply and
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary
and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and
downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their
respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and
appurtenances within the property; water lines in the premises;
potable, tap, hot and chilled water piping; potable water treating
or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for
same.
A Plumbing system, reduced to its simplest terms,
consists of a supply pipe leading to a fixture and a drainpipe
taking the used water away from this fixture.
 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
The system constitutes the following:
1. The water supply and water distribution system. Carries
water from the water source, street main or a pump to the
building and to various points in the building at which water
is used.
2. The plumbing fixtures. The receptacles that receive the
supplied water and allow the occupants of the building to
use the water.
3. The drainage system. The piping network within the building
which conveys from the plumbing fixtures all wastes and
fecal matter (sanitary drainage) as well as rainwater (storm
drainage) to a point of disposal or a treatment facility.
 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
THE PLUMBER – the one who works or engages in the business
of installing in buildings the pipes fixtures and other apparatus
for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and
waterborne wastes.
There are three categories of plumbers based upon their
graces of experiences. They are:
1. Apprentice plumber – a beginner at the trade who usually
serves for 3 to 5 years as helper to a journeyman.
2. Journeyman plumber – has served his apprenticeship and is
competent to perform the tasks of installing and repairing
plumbing.
 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
3. Master plumber – a person technically and legally qualified
and licensed to practice the profession of master plumbing
without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378, having
passed the examinations conducted by the Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC), has received a certificate of
registration from the board of master plumbing and possesses
the current license to practice.
 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
THE PLUMBING CODE
The improper installation of plumbing may affect the
health of the occupants of a building and create a center point
for the spread of disease. The possibility is of sufficient public
interests to require the regulation of plumbing by law. The right
of the government to regulate the details of plumbing is based
on the principle of the protection of public health.
The basic goal of the National Plumbing Code of the
Philippines is to ensure the qualified observance of the latest
provision of plumbing and environmental laws.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
1. All premises intended for human use or habitation shall be
provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither
connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to backflow or back-
siphonage.
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied
with water in sufficient volume and pressure adequate to function
satisfactorily and without undue noise.
3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum
quantity of water consistent with proper performance and
cleaning.
4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and
installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through
overheating.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public
sewer shall connect its plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, one
kitchen type sink, a lavatory and a bathtub or shower to meet the
basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.
7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent
material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located
in ventilated enclosures.
8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and
maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging
and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be
readily cleaned.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
9. All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-approved materials, free
from defective workmanship, designed and constructed by
Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.
10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be
equipped with a water-sealed trap.
11. The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed to provide
adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or
forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to
prevent clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively
disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures,
destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the
sewage-disposal process shall not be allowed to enter the building
drainage system.
15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of
food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of
sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be
connected indirectly with the building drainage system.
16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which
is not properly lighted and ventilated.
17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable provision shall be
made for the disposal of building sewage by some accepted
method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of
sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in
the building.
19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by
Registered Master Plumbers.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be
accessible for their intended use.
21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the preservation of
the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage
to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
 THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be
deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be
discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first
rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form
of treatment.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF PLUMBING
PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the
government in the City of Manila. Master Plumber John F. Haas
became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and
Inspection. A Plumbing Code based on the Plumbing Code of the
United States was incorporated into the Building Code for the City
of Manila.
 In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized
 Manila City Ordinance 2411, the “Plumbing Code of the City of
Manila” was enacted and placed under the Department of Public
Services, Manila.
 In 1954, the Third Congress approved House Bill No. 962 which in
June 18, 1955, became R.A. 1378 “Plumbing Law of the Philippines”
upon ratification of President Ramon Magsaysay.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF PLUMBING
PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
prepared by NAMPAP was promulgated and approved by
Malacañang.
 Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise
known as the “Building Code of the Philippines” was passed with
the “National Plumbing Code of 1959” as referral code in full text.
 The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) adopted the Revised
Plumbing Code of 1999 which President Joseph Estrada approved
December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as
the Plumbing Law.
 SAMPLE
PLUMBING
ISOMETRIC
DRAWING
TYPICAL PLUMBING SYSTEM OF A
TOILET AND BATH

Water cycle of the plumbing system