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VRRP - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is an open standard protocol that provides default gateway redundancy. It uses multicast address 224.0.0.18 and elects a master router based on priority. The master router handles all traffic, while backup routers take over if the master fails. VRRP supports tracking interfaces and routes to change priorities if links go down. Configuring VRRP involves enabling it on an interface and adjusting priorities to control master/backup roles.

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113 views9 pages

VRRP - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is an open standard protocol that provides default gateway redundancy. It uses multicast address 224.0.0.18 and elects a master router based on priority. The master router handles all traffic, while backup routers take over if the master fails. VRRP supports tracking interfaces and routes to change priorities if links go down. Configuring VRRP involves enabling it on an interface and adjusting priorities to control master/backup roles.

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VRRP -:- Open Standard

1. VRRP stands for virtual router redundancy protocol.


2. It is open standard protocol - it means support different-2 vendor such as – Cisco, Huwaie etc.
3. It uses protocol number – 112
4. It works at layer-3.
5. It uses multicast address – 224.0.0.18
6. Virtual mac-address – 0000.5E00.01XX ( Where XX represent Group ID)
7. Bydefault group id is – 1 but we can change up to 255. (1 to 255)
8. Hello timer – 1sec and hold down timer – 3sec ( by default)
9. Bydefault priority -100 (<1-254> Priority level)
10. Preemption is enabled by default.
11. There is no built-in track command in VRRP, however we can use external track for tracking.
12. Supports authentication – Plain text , MD5

VRRP States –

1. Master
2. Backup

➢ Note 1 - Once if any router becomes master then master router only will send hello message
and other router will receive hello massage.
➢ Note 2 - If priority are same on every router then election will be done based on higher IP
address for Master & Backup.

VRRP election process for Master & Backup router –

1. Highest priority of the router


2. Highest active physical interface of the router.

Below are the sample topology in which I have demonstrated VRRP configuration, there are
three router just assume like – Airtel , TCL, Vodafone.

How to enable VRRP Configuration –

1. RTR(config)#interface GE 1/0
RTR(config-if)#vrrp 1 ip 192.168.1.100
Note – If we configure vrrp on the router and do not change priority then highest IP address will become
master router and other router will become backup router and as here I have configured vrrp without
changing priority therefore Vodafone router will become master other will be backup.( by default is 100
on every router – Airtel,TCl,Vodafone yet).

See the below snapshot in which hello packet are sending through multicast address in VRRP –
224.0.0.18.
2. Now we’re going to change priority on primary link as we have taken 16mbps link from ISP
in order to LAN users can access internet services easily then on primary link ( Airtel_RTR)
We will have to changed priority.
Airtel_RTR(config)#interface GE 1/0
Airtel_RTR(config-if)#vrrp 1 priority 130

After changing priority on Airtel router will become master as higher priority on it.

Condition 1-

Lets assume that if Airtel’s WAN interface GE0/0 in case of goes down for some time then what will be
happen –All LAN user will not be able to access the internet as all LAN traffic will come to airtel router
just drop, Airtel router is master router so far.

In this case we will have to track WAN interface using line protocol.
➢ As I’m going to down Airtel’s wan interface which is connected Internet link ( ISP).

As Interface GE0/0 is down, Once WAN interface goes down LAN user will not be able to access the
internet so we need to track that interface.

1. Airtel_RTR(config-track)#track 10 interface GE 0/0 line-protocol


Airtel_RTR(config-track)#delay down 1
Airtel_RTR(config-track)#delay up 10
To verify – Show track

Call this command in vrrp –

1. Airtel_RTR(config)#interface GE 1/0
2. Airtel_RTR(config-if)#vrrp 1 track 10 decrement 10
Condition – 2

If suppose in case ISP’s router goes down then what will be happen , in that case we will have to track
route of ISP router.

As I have assumed ISP route – loopback 8.8.8.0 /24

• Let’s assumed ISP’s router is down –

1. Airtel_RTR(config)#track 20 ip route 8.8.8.0 255.255.255.0 reachability


2. Airtel_RTR(config-track)#delay down 1
3. Airtel_RTR(config-track)#delay up 10

Now I’m going to call this track into the interface of VRRP on Airtel router which is master even now.
1. Airtel_RTR(config)#interface GE 0/0
2. Airtel_RTR(config-if)#vrrp 1 track 20 decrement 40

Note – In my case we have on one ISP in my topology so sorry for it but still we have verify to up the
loopback interface on the router once.

Lets do it – Once track will come up –

Note – however we can make load balancing in VRRP using create a different group like – group 1 &
group2….||
Some points -

1. There are more commands you can configure as per the your requirements.
2. Authentication – Plain text, MD5
3. Preempt – enabled by default
4. Priority ( 1 to 255)
5. Timers – hello and dead interval timer
6. Tracking system using interface and route and many more.

THE END

I have written as per the my Kb & in case of any points are wrong, let me know also share your thought
in order to I can improve my Knowledge in VRRP.

Thank you all –

Umesh Prajapati
Email – [email protected]
Learning is the best quality of life.

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