CCNA

Lab Guide
200-301
Cisco Cer tified Network Associate
Version 1.0

Labs powered by
ii Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC
 Cisco Certified Network Associate
200-301 Lab Guide

LM20200821/BV1.0

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC® Labs powered by iii

2 5 C e n t u r y B l v d . , S t e . 5 0 0 , N a s h v i l l e , T N 3 7 2 14 | B o s o n . c o m

To perform the labs referenced in this book, please download and install the necessary files (refer to
your purchase receipt for the download link), navigate to the appropriate lab in the lab menu in the
Boson NetSim, and load the lab; all labs should work in NetSim 11 or later. To learn more about the
Boson NetSim or to purchase and download the software, please visit www.boson.com/netsim.

Copyright © 2020 Boson Software, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. This book is designed to provide
information about the Cisco CCNA (200-301) exam. Every effort has been made to make this book
as complete and as accurate as possible.

All rights reserved. Boson, Boson NetSim, Boson Network Simulator, and Boson Software are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Boson Software, LLC. Catalyst, Cisco, and Cisco IOS are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States and certain other
countries. Media elements, including images and clip art, are the property of Microsoft. All other
trademarks and/or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Any use of a
third-party trademark does not constitute a challenge to said mark. Any use of a product name or
company name herein does not imply any sponsorship of, recommendation of, endorsement of, or
affiliation with Boson, its licensors, licensees, partners, affiliates, and/or publishers.

iv Version 1.0 © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 CCNA Lab Guide Table of Contents

Boson NetSim Overview..................................................................................................................1

Using NetSim to Prepare for Your Certification.......................................................................................... 2
Using NetSim at Home – Single User......................................................................................................... 3
Downloading and Installing NetSim...................................................................................................... 3
Activating NetSim – Single User.......................................................................................................... 3
Loading a Lab....................................................................................................................................... 3

Module 2: Network Addressing and Transport.............................................................................5

Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration.................................................................................................................. 6
Lab Tasks............................................................................................................................................. 7
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 14
Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration.................................................................................................................... 28
Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 29
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 32
Lab 2.3 – IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration............................................................................................... 39
Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 40
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 43

A couple sample labs are included in this document to display the

Module 5: Switching and Network Access..................................................................................55
quality, format,
Lab 5.1 – Switch and content
Initial Configuration of labs that are included in the Boson56
Dialog............................................................................................

NetSim and the Boson Courseware products. However, you will not
Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 58
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 60
be Lab
able toSwitch
5.2 – work through
Configuration. the labs in NetSim without purchasing both
................................................................................................................ 69

Boson NetSim and the Boson CCNA Courseware Lab Pack.

Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 71
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 73
Lab 5.3 – VLANs and Trunking................................................................................................................. 81
Please visit www.boson.com for more information.
Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 83
Lab Solutions...................................................................................................................................... 86
Lab 5.4 – Basic Trunk Configuration and InterVLAN Routing.................................................................. 96
Lab Tasks........................................................................................................................................... 98
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 100
Lab 5.5 – STP and PVST+ Configuration............................................................................................... 108
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 109
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................113
Lab 5.6 – EtherChannel Configuration....................................................................................................131
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 133
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................137

Module 6: IP Routing....................................................................................................................151
Lab 6.1 – Router Interfaces.................................................................................................................... 152
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 153
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 155

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CCNA Lab Guide Table of Contents

Lab 6.2 – Router Configuration.............................................................................................................. 162

Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 163
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 165
Lab 6.3 – Static Routes...........................................................................................................................170
Lab Tasks..........................................................................................................................................171
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................173
Lab 6.4 – Static Route and Administrative Distance Configuration........................................................ 177
Lab Tasks..........................................................................................................................................178

A couple sample labs are included in this document to display the

Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 180
Lab 6.5 – Default Routes........................................................................................................................ 184
quality, format, and content of labs that are included in the Boson
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 185
NetSim and the Boson Courseware products. However, you will not
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 187
Lab 6.6 – OSPF Configuration................................................................................................................ 191
be able to work through the labs in NetSim without purchasing both
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 193
Boson NetSim and the Boson CCNA Courseware Lab Pack.
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 196
Lab 6.7 – OSPF Troubleshooting............................................................................................................ 205
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 207
Please visit www.boson.com for more information.
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 210

Module 7: IP Services..................................................................................................................221
Lab 7.1 – DHCP Configuration................................................................................................................ 222
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 224
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 227
Lab 7.2 – Static NAT and PAT................................................................................................................. 235
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 237
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 239
Lab 7.3 – Dynamic NAT.......................................................................................................................... 246
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 247
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................251
Lab 7.4 – DNS Configuration.................................................................................................................. 256
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 257
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 259
Lab 7.5 – Device Management............................................................................................................... 264
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 265
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 267
Lab 7.6 – TFTP and Router Configuration...............................................................................................271
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 272
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................274
Lab 7.7 – Secure Management Access Configuration............................................................................ 276
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 278
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 281
Lab 7.8 – NTP Configuration.................................................................................................................. 289
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 290

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 CCNA Lab Guide Table of Contents

Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 292

Lab 7.9 – Network Time Services........................................................................................................... 298
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 299
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 301
Lab 7.10 – Consolidated Logging Configuration..................................................................................... 308
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 309
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................311

Module 8: Security Fundamentals..............................................................................................321

ALabcouple sample labs are included in this document to display the
8.1 – Network Security..................................................................................................................... 322
quality, format, and content of labs that are included in the Boson
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 323

NetSim and the Boson Courseware products. However, you will not
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 326
Lab 8.2 – Standard ACLs....................................................................................................................... 336
be able
Lab to work through the labs in NetSim without purchasing both
Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 337
Boson NetSim and the Boson CCNA Courseware Lab Pack.
Lab Solutions . . ................................................................................................................................. 339
Lab 8.3 – Extended ACLs....................................................................................................................... 343
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 344
Please visit www.boson.com for more information.
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 346
Lab 8.4 – Named ACLs.......................................................................................................................... 350
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 351
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 353
Lab 8.5 – Switch Security....................................................................................................................... 358
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 360
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 362
Lab 8.6 – Advanced Switch Security I.....................................................................................................371
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 372
Lab Solutions.....................................................................................................................................374
Lab 8.7 – Advanced Switch Security II................................................................................................... 377
Lab Tasks......................................................................................................................................... 379
Lab Solutions.................................................................................................................................... 381

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CCNA Lab Guide Table of Contents

viii © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 Boson NetSim Overview

Boson NetSim Overview

The Boson NetSim® Network Simulator®, which includes the Boson Router Simulator®, is unique compared
to all others on the market because of the functionality it supports and its features. NetSim utilizes Boson’s
proprietary Network Simulator, Router Simulator®, and EROUTER® software technologies, along with
the Boson Virtual Packet Technology® engine, to create individual packets. These packets are routed and
switched through the simulated network, allowing NetSim to build an appropriate virtual routing table and
simulate true networking. Other simulation products on the market do not support this level of functionality.

NetSim simulates a wide variety of Cisco® routers, including the 2500 series, 2600 series, 2800 series, and
3600 series routers, as well as the Cisco Catalyst 1900 series, 2900 series, and 3500 series switches. NetSim
supports multiple routing protocols, including RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, and OSPF. It supports different
LAN/WAN protocols, including PPP/CHAP, ISDN, and Frame Relay. The labs in NetSim require only the
devices and functionality included with NetSim—they do not require access to any external router or switch
hardware. NetSim supports many, but not all, of the IOS commands available on a physical router or switch.
All of the commands referenced in the available labs are supported by NetSim. The labs included in this
book have been selected as companions to the Boson Curriculum. However, for additional practice, you can
perform any labs that are unlocked.

Achieving Cisco CCNA® or CCNP® Enterprise-level certification is the goal of many people who use this
product. The Boson NetSim product covers many of the new Cisco certifications, including CCNA (200-301),
ENCOR (350-401), and ENARSI (300-410). The included labs guide you through the configuration of routers,
switches, and workstations in a variety of scenarios.

Activation keys unlock labs and increase the number of available commands. Beginning with the Demo
version of NetSim, the command set is limited to those necessary to perform the steps in the lab. For
example, if you start your studies with a CCNA activation key, you will have the command set and labs
available that are necessary to study for that exam. When you are ready to study for a CCNP exam, you will
need to purchase a new activation key and then activate with the new activation key; then, more labs and a
larger command set become available.

Each activation key unlocks a selection of labs. A small lock icon ( ) is displayed next to unavailable labs.
Some lab packs are delivered by NetSim to support other products that are sold separately. If you have
questions about locked labs, please contact [email protected].

After you load and complete an unlocked lab, you can use the grading function in NetSim to grade the lab
so that you can determine whether you completed it correctly (click Lab > Grade Lab). As you progress
through the labs, you can master the skills needed to pass the simulation questions in the Cisco certification
exams. NetSim has the ability to guide and grade, and using it for practice can actually be more helpful than
using real routers and switches. NetSim allows you to gain experience without requiring you to purchase
expensive equipment.

You can use the Boson NetSim to work through labs, but you can also use it for additional purposes. For
example, you can create your own logical topology to practice designing and planning a network. This tool’s
functionality goes beyond that of most tools because you can actually create the device configurations that
are going to be used, save those configurations, and practice using them on simulated devices.

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 1

Boson NetSim Overview

Routing protocol implementation is one of the more challenging tasks you might encounter. Troubleshooting
a production network can be a frustrating experience. Fortunately, you can create a virtual copy of your
network by creating a new topology in NetSim and troubleshoot the problems without interfering with
your production network. Because NetSim is designed as a study tool for Cisco certification, you should
not rely only on NetSim to make decisions about a production network, but you might find it useful in your
troubleshooting efforts.

In summary, Boson NetSim is a flexible and powerful product that can help you become certified and, in
some cases, can be used to create a simulation of the topology of your corporate network and help you
practice troubleshooting without using devices on the production network.

Using NetSim to Prepare for Your Certification

By using NetSim to help you achieve a Cisco certification, you can learn and master the skills necessary
to help you successfully complete your certification track. The purpose of NetSim is to help you with the
practical, hands-on portion of your education and to ensure that you not only understand the concepts of
routing but can actually configure and implement routing on Cisco devices.

Mastering Cisco networking involves two fundamental tasks:

1. Learn the theory of routers and switches.

2. Gain the hands-on experience of implementing that theory by configuring the devices in a network and
testing them in a lab.

Self-studying for a Cisco certification can be a daunting task. The amount of information a CCNA candidate
is required to know and the skills that candidate is required to possess are quite extensive. To begin learning
the theory of configuring a network, you can find a good reference book or listen to an instructor. (Boson
Training, www.boson.com/boson-training, offers a full slate of classes and Bootcamps.) But a reference book
might not be enough. The book will not give you the practical, hands-on experience of routing and switching
that you can learn from NetSim—experience that will help you build on the theoretical knowledge you
learned from the reference book.

Real equipment gives you the ability to practice on actual routers and switches, but it also is a very costly way
to practice and leaves a lot of room for error. The Boson NetSim, on the other hand, is an excellent tool to
help you prepare for the CCNA-level (www.boson.com/certification/CCNA) and CCNP-level
(www.boson.com/certification/CCNP) exams. NetSim simulates the behavior of a network and does not
just return preprogrammed responses to expected command inputs. It allows you to create virtual packets
and virtual frames that will be routed and switched through the simulated network. Aside from physically
plugging in the cables and listening to the fan noise, your experience with the simulated network will be
much the same as your experience with a fully functional lab rack without the expense of the hardware.
NetSim will enable you to practice various configurations and master helpful skills.

Once you feel you have mastered both the theory (www.boson.com/boson-training) and the practical labs,
(www.boson.com/netsim-cisco-network-simulator) you can test your knowledge by using the Boson ExSim-
Max practice exam products available at the ExSim-Max home page
(www.boson.com/exsim-max-practice-exams). Boson ExSim-Max products include complex multiple-choice
questions, drag-and-drop questions, and Boson NetSimX simulation questions.

2 Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 Boson NetSim Overview

The Boson NetSim Network Simulator is the most comprehensive product on the market for learning how to
configure a Cisco router. The Boson NetSim will not only help you become certified, it will help you learn
and understand how to configure routers, switches, and networks.

For more information on how to use NetSim, please read the NetSim User Manual by clicking Help > Users
Manual from within NetSim or by downloading the User Manual from the following link:

http://www.boson.com/Files/Support/NetSim-13-User-Manual.pdf

Using NetSim at Home – Single User

The following steps are for installation and activation for a single user license and should not be performed
on a classroom workstation.

Downloading and Installing NetSim

You can download NetSim from the Boson.com downloads page (account required):

http://www.boson.com/download

You must have a Boson account to download the NetSim Demo. To create a free account, visit the Boson
Online Account page (https://www.boson.com/account/default.aspx) and enter a valid email address to begin
creating an account.

You should download the NetSim installer to your computer before beginning the installation. It is
recommended that you disable antivirus and firewall software while installing and activating NetSim and
then reactivate when the installation is complete. Double-click the downloaded installation file to begin the
installation, and perform the steps described in the prompts during installation.

Activating NetSim – Single User

When you first open NetSim, you will be presented with a NetSim Login dialog box. When prompted, enter
the email address and password associated with your Boson.com account. If you have not previously created
a Boson.com account, you will need to create one first on Boson.com. If you have any NetSim 13–related
products, NetSim will automatically activate those items for you; otherwise, NetSim will launch in Demo
mode. If you are using a proxy server to connect to the internet, you must configure the appropriate settings
via the Settings icon and click the Proxy Settings button.

Loading a Lab
You can open NetSim from the shortcut installed during the download or from the Start menu by clicking
Boson Software > Boson NetSim > Boson NetSim. If you are a student using NetSim at a learning
institution, you should launch NetSim from the Start menu by clicking Boson Software >
Boson NetSim > Boson NetSim LS Client. This will enable you to configure NetSim to authenticate with
the Boson NetSim License Server.

1. You can begin a preloaded Boson NetSim lab by performing one of the following tasks:
• On the navigation pane, select the appropriate lab tree from the drop-down box; then, double-click
the lab you want to open.

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 3

Boson NetSim Overview

• Click to highlight a lab on the Labs pane, then click Lab > Load lab.
• Click to highlight a lab on the Labs pane, then click Load Lab on the Lab Preview pane.
• Select a lab from the list of Recent Labs or Saved Labs on the Home pane.
2. After you have loaded a lab, click the Lab Instructions tab and read through the lab instructions.
3. From the Devices drop-down menu on the Consoles section, select the device(s) that you need to
configure in order to complete the lab and follow the steps in the lab. You can also select the device you
want to configure by clicking the Lab Topology tab, right-clicking the device, and clicking Console.
4. When you have completed the lab, click Lab > Grade Lab to ensure that you have completed it
successfully.
5. You can choose to save your single device configuration or multiple device configurations by selecting the
appropriate option in the File menu.

You might also be instructed to open labs from a custom lab pack. If any custom labs are available, you
should select Custom from the drop-down box. To open a custom lab, double-click the lab you want to load.

4 Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 Module 2
Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration
Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration
Lab 2.3 – IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration

Module 2: Network Addressing

and Transport
Labs powered by

5
CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

To perform this lab in the Boson NetSim, navigate to the appropriate lab in the lab menu in NetSim, and load
the lab. You can then accomplish the tasks below.

Objective
This lab corresponds to Module 2: Network Addressing and Transport of Boson’s CCNA Curriculum. In this
lab, you will use variable length subnet masks (VLSMs) to subnet various networks so that you are familiar
with how to best use allocated address space. You will then see how those subnets can be allocated to various
parts of a network and how errors in IP addressing configuration affect the network.

Lab Topology
The topology diagram below represents the NetMap in the Simulator. The IP addresses have intentionally
been omitted from the diagram; you will be required to find the IP addresses in the tasks within this lab.

HostB
HostC
S0/1 S0/0
58 hosts Fa0/0
Fa0/0 26 hosts
Router2 Router3
S0/0 S0/1

HostA HostD

43 hosts S0/0 22 hosts

Fa0/0 S0/1
Fa0/0

S0/1 S0/0 S0/2

Router1 Router4

S0/0

Fa0/0
Router5
HostE
9 hosts

Lab ID: 13.820AK01.CCNA.1

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

The commands you will need to perform the tasks in this lab, along with their syntax and descriptions, are
shown in the Command Summary table below:

Command Summary
Command Description
configure terminal enters global configuration mode from privileged EXEC mode
enable enters privileged EXEC mode
end ends and exits configuration mode
exit exits one level in the menu structure
interface type number changes from global configuration mode to interface
configuration mode
ip address ip-address subnet-mask assigns an IP address to an interface
ipconfig is used in NetSim to display the currently configured IP
address, subnet mask, and default gateway on a workstation
ping ip-address sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo
request to the specified address
show cdp neighbors detail displays information about directly connected neighbor
devices, including their device types, interface names, and IP
addresses
show interfaces [type number] displays the interface’s Data Link layer status; when the
type and number parameters are included, displays detailed
information about the specified interface
show ip interface displays IP information for an interface
show ip interface brief displays a brief summary of interface status and configuration
show ip protocols displays information about active routing protocols
show ip route displays the IP routing table
show running-config displays the active configuration file

Lab Tasks
Task 1: Create Multiple Subnets from One Network
Your Internet service provider (ISP) has allocated all of the IP addresses in the 172.16.16.0/20 address range
for use in this lab. In this task, you will subdivide a network to make the best use of the IP addresses you have
been allocated.
1. How many host addresses can be assigned on the 172.16.16.0/20 network? _______________________

2. What is the network address of the 172.16.16.0/20 network? ___________________________________

3. What is the broadcast address of the 172.16.16.0/20 network? __________________________________

4. Examine the topology diagram; how many different subnets are represented? _____________________

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

5. Create two /26 subnets from the first available addresses in the 172.16.16.0/20 network. What process
did you use? _________________________________________________________________________

6. How many hosts are available for each /26 subnet? __________________________________________

7. What are the network and broadcast addresses of each /26 subnet? _____________________________

8. Using the first available addresses from among those remaining in the 172.16.16.0/20 network, create
two /27 subnets.

9. How many hosts are available for each /27 subnet? __________________________________________

10. What are the broadcast and network addresses of each /27 subnet? _____________________________

11. Using the first available addresses from among those remaining in the 172.16.16.0/20 network, create
two /28 subnets.

12. How many hosts are available for each /28 subnet? __________________________________________

13. What are the network and broadcast addresses of each /28 subnet? _____________________________

14. Using the first available addresses from among those remaining in the 172.16.16.0/20 network, create
eight /30 subnets.

15. How many hosts are available for each /30 subnet? __________________________________________

16. What are the broadcast and network addresses of each /30 subnet? _____________________________

Task 2: Assign IP Addresses to Devices on the Network

In this task, you will assign IP addresses from the subnets you created in the previous task to unconfigured
devices on the network.
1. Document the network by issuing the appropriate show commands. Fill in the following tables and
diagram with the IP addresses that have been configured on each device:

8 Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

IP Addresses
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask
Router1 Serial 0/0
Serial 0/1
FastEthernet 0/0
Router2 Serial 0/0
Serial 0/1
FastEthernet 0/0
Router3 Serial 0/0
Serial 0/1
FastEthernet 0/0
Router4 Serial 0/0
Serial 0/1
Serial 0/2
FastEthernet 0/0
Router5 Serial 0/0
FastEthernet 0/0

Device IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

HostA
HostB
HostC
HostD
HostE

HostB
HostC
S0/1 S0/0
Fa0/0 Fa0/0

Router2 Router3
S0/0 S0/1

HostA HostD

S0/0 S0/1
Fa0/0
Fa0/0

S0/1 S0/0 S0/2

Router1 Router4

S0/0

Fa0/0
Router5
HostE

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 9

CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

2. Document the range of addresses assigned to each subnet in the network by filling in the following
tables:
WAN Router1 to Router2 to Router2 to Router4 to Router4 to
Router4 Router1 Router3 Router3 Router5
Network Address

Subnet Mask
(decimal)
First Host Address
Last Host Address
Broadcast Address
Number of
Available Hosts
CIDR Notation
LAN Router1 Router2 Router2 Router4 Router4
Network Address
Subnet Mask
(decimal)
First Host Address
Last Host Address
Broadcast Address
Number of
Available Hosts
CIDR Notation
HostA HostB HostC HostD HostE
IP Address
Subnet Mask
(decimal)
CIDR Notation
Default Gateway

3. Which interfaces have not been configured? _______________________________________________

4. What subnet(s) should the unconfigured interfaces be in? _____________________________________

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

5. Assign the appropriate IP addresses to the unconfigured interfaces; use the information below to help
you assign the appropriate IP addresses:

FastEthernet 0/0 first available host address

Serial 0/0 last available host address
Serial 0/1 first available host address

Task 3: Examine Network Connectivity

1. Log on to Router4, and attempt to ping all network devices. Indicate in the table below whether the
pings succeed or fail:

Device IP Address Result

Router1 172.16.16.238 (Serial 0/0)
172.16.16.245 (Serial 0/0)
172.16.16.65 (FastEthernet 0/0)
Router2 172.16.16.237 (Serial 0/0)
172.16.16.241 (Serial 0/1)
Router3 172.16.16.242 (Serial 0/0)
172.16.16.249 (Serial 0/1)
172.16.16.161 (FastEthernet 0/0)
Router5 172.16.16.254 (Serial 0/0)
HostA 172.16.16.120
HostB 172.16.16.60
HostC 172.16.16.180
HostD 172.16.16.129
HostE 172.16.16.200

2. Issue the appropriate commands to perform some basic troubleshooting for the hosts and
router interfaces that fail the ping test. Do you see anything obvious, such as interfaces that are
administratively down or clocking that is incorrectly configured on the serial interfaces? ____________
___________________________________________________________________________________

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 11

CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Task 4: Correct Configuration Issues

In this task, you will verify the current configurations and change any incorrect configurations.
A. Examine the Specific Points of Failure
1. Refer to your network examination. Did a ping from Router4 to HostC (172.16.16.180) succeed? _____
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Issue a ping from Router3 to HostC (172.16.16.180). Is this ping successful? _____________________

3. Why would a ping to a directly connected host fail if all interfaces are up and operating properly? _____
___________________________________________________________________________________

4. Examine the routing table on Router3 for clues about why this is happening. What do you observe?
___________________________________________________________________________________

5. From Router4, attempt to ping Router3’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface (172.16.16.161). Is this ping
successful? _________________________________________________________________________

6. If this ping is successful and the ping to the PC host connected to this interface fails, what conclusion
can you draw? _______________________________________________________________________

7. From Router4, attempt to ping Router5’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface (172.16.16.177). Is this ping
successful? _________________________________________________________________________

8. From Router4, attempt to ping HostE (172.16.16.200). Is this ping successful? ____________________

9. Based on the information you have gathered so far, briefly explain what you think is the root cause of
the connectivity problems that you have observed. __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

10. Are all IP addresses on Router5 configured correctly? ________________________________________

B. Correct the Configuration

1. How is Router5’s configuration error causing the connectivity problems that you have observed? _____
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. Issue the appropriate commands to correct the configuration error that you have discovered.

12 Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Task 5: Verify the Configuration

In this task, you will verify that the devices that should be connected are connected and that the correct
routes appear in the routing table.
A. Verify Connectivity
1. Allow time for the network to converge. From Router4, attempt to ping HostC (172.16.16.180) and
HostE (172.16.16.200); these pings failed earlier. Are the pings successful now? __________________

2. From Router4, attempt to ping all hosts and router interfaces on the network. Do any pings fail? ______
___________________________________________________________________________________

B. Verify Routing
1. From Router4, examine the contents of the IP routing table. How have the contents of the IP routing
table changed? _______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. What effect do the changes to the routing table have on network connectivity? ____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Once you have completed this lab, be sure to check your work by using the grading function. You can
do so by clicking the Grade Lab icon ( ) in the toolbar or by pressing Ctrl+G.

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Lab Solutions
Task 1: Create Multiple Subnets from One Network
1. There are 4,094 host addresses that can be assigned on the 172.16.16.0/20 network. There are a total of
4,096 IP addresses on the 172.16.16.0/20 network. To figure out the number of available IP addresses,
or host addresses, on a network, you should first write out the subnet mask in binary notation:

/20 = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000

The number of 0s in the binary notation (in this example, 12) is the information you need to know to be
able to determine the total number of IP addresses. You can calculate the total number of IP addresses
in the subnet by using the formula 2n, where n is the number of host bits remaining in the subnet mask,
which equals 4,096.

You should then use the formula 2n – 2, where the 2 you are subtracting represents the IP addresses
that are reserved for the network and broadcast addresses. Thus, by using the equation 212 – 2, you
can determine that 4,094 addresses are available as host addresses. However, you can subdivide the
network if necessary so that you can more easily address multiple networks.

2. The network address for the 172.16.16.0/20 network is 172.16.16.0. The network address is the first
available address on the network.

3. The broadcast address for the 172.16.16.0/20 network is 172.16.31.255. The broadcast address is the
last available address on the network, and there are 4,096 total addresses on the network.

4. A total of 10 subnets are represented in the topology diagram: five local area networks (LANs) and five
wide area networks (WANs). A single host in each LAN is used to represent the total number of hosts.
The 10 networks are listed below:

LAN WAN
Router1 Router1 to Router4
Router2 Router2 to Router1
Router3 Router2 to Router3
Router4 Router4 to Router3
Router5 Router4 to Router5

5. You should use the variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) process to create two /26 subnets from the
172.16.16.0/20 network. VLSM divides a single subnet into several smaller subnets. By using VLSM,
you can conserve registered address space. Additionally, by using VLSM, you can create a more
logical hierarchy of IP addressing across routers. The two new /26 networks are 172.16.16.0/26 and
172.16.16.64/26.

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

6. There are 62 hosts available for each /26 subnet. You can determine this by using the formula 2n – 2
with six host bits in the subnet mask:

/26 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
26 – 2 = 62

7. For the 172.16.16.0/26 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.0 and the broadcast address is
172.16.16.63. For the 172.16.16.64/26 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.64 and the broadcast
address is 172.16.16.127.

8. You can use VLSM to create two /27 subnets from the first available addresses remaining in the
172.16.16.0/20 network. The first 128 addresses have been used with the two /26 subnets that you
created in steps 4 through 6. Therefore, you must start with the 172.16.16.128 address. The two
networks would be 172.16.16.128/27 and 172.16.16.160/27.

9. There are 30 hosts available for each /27 network. You can determine this by using the formula 2n – 2
with five host bits in the subnet mask:

/27 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
25 – 2 = 30

10. For the 172.16.16.128/27 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.128 and the broadcast address
is 172.16.16.159. For the 172.16.16.160/27 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.160 and the
broadcast address is 172.16.16.191.

11. You can use VLSM to create two /28 subnets from the first available addresses remaining in
the 172.16.16.0/20 network. The first 192 addresses have been used with the 4 subnets (two /26
subnets and the two /27 subnets) that you have already created. Therefore, you must start with the
172.16.16.192 address. The two networks would be 172.16.16.192/28 and 172.16.16.208/28.

12. There are 14 hosts available for each /28 network. You can determine this by using the formula 2n – 2
with four host bits in the subnet mask:

/28 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
24 – 2 = 14

13. For the 172.16.16.192/28 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.192 and the broadcast address
is 172.16.16.207. For the 172.16.16.208/28 subnet, the network address is 172.16.16.208 and the
broadcast address is 172.16.16.223.

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

14. You can use VLSM to create eight /30 subnets from the first available addresses remaining in the
172.16.16.0/24 network. You have already allocated the following 224 addresses:

172.16.16.0/26 (64 addresses)

172.16.16.64/26 (64 addresses)
172.16.16.128/27 (32 addresses)
172.16.16.160/27 (32 addresses)
172.16.16.192/28 (16 addresses)
172.16.16.208/28 (16 addresses)

Therefore, you must start with the IP address 172.16.16.224.

15. There are two hosts available for each /30 network. The number of host addresses per subnet has been
halved twice; instead of 16 (24) IP addresses in one subnet, there are now 2 (22) hosts available for each
/30 subnet using the formula 2n – 2. If you write out /30 in binary notation, it looks like this:

/30 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
22 – 2 = 2

16. The following are the network and broadcast addresses for the eight /30 subnets:

Subnet Network Address Broadcast Address

172.16.16.224/30 172.16.16.224 172.16.16.227
172.16.16.228/30 172.16.16.228 172.16.16.231
172.16.16.232/30 172.16.16.232 172.16.16.235
172.16.16.236/30 172.16.16.236 172.16.16.239
172.16.16.240/30 172.16.16.240 172.16.16.243
172.16.16.244/30 172.16.16.244 172.16.16.247
172.16.16.248/30 172.16.16.248 172.16.16.251
172.16.16.252/30 172.16.16.252 172.16.16.255

Once you have allocated these addresses, you will have effectively used all 256 available addresses in
the 172.16.16.0/24 network. Because your address allocation has managed to stay within the bounds of
the 172.16.16.0/24 network, you will be able to efficiently allocate the remainder of the 172.16.16.0/20
address space in a similarly hierarchical fashion.

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Task 2: Assign IP Addresses to Devices on the Network

1. You should document the network configuration by issuing the show cdp neighbors detail command,
the show running-config command, the show ip interface command, and the show interfaces
command, among others, on the routers. You can use the ipconfig command on the workstations. Your
completed tables should look like the following tables:

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

Router1 Serial 0/0 -- --
Serial 0/1 -- --
FastEthernet 0/0 -- --
Router2 Serial 0/0 172.16.16.237 255.255.255.252
Serial 0/1 172.16.16.241 255.255.255.252
FastEthernet 0/0 172.16.16.1 255.255.255.192
Router3 Serial 0/0 172.16.16.242 255.255.255.252
Serial 0/1 172.16.16.249 255.255.255.252
FastEthernet 0/0 172.16.16.161 255.255.255.224
Router4 Serial 0/0 172.16.16.246 255.255.255.252
Serial 0/1 172.16.16.250 255.255.255.252
Serial 0/2 172.16.16.253 255.255.255.252
FastEthernet 0/0 172.16.16.129 255.255.255.224
Router5 Serial 0/0 172.16.16.254 255.255.255.252
FastEthernet 0/0 172.16.16.177 255.255.255.240

Device IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

HostA 172.16.16.120 255.255.255.192 172.16.16.65
HostB 172.16.16.60 255.255.255.192 172.16.16.1
HostC 172.16.16.180 255.255.255.224 172.16.16.161
HostD 172.16.16.150 255.255.255.224 172.16.16.129
HostE 172.16.16.200 255.255.255.240 172.16.16.193

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Your completed diagram should look like the following:

HostB
S0/1 S0/0 HostC
172.16.16.60 172.16.16.241 172.16.16.242
Fa0/0 Fa0/0 172.16.16.180
172.16.16.1 Router3 172.16.16.161
Router2
S0/0 S0/1
172.16.16.237 172.16.16.249

HostA HostD

172.16.16.60 S0/0 S0/1 172.16.16.150

Fa0/0 172.16.16.250
Fa0/0
172.16.16.129
S0/1
S0/0
Router1 Router4
172.16.16.246
S0/2
172.16.16.253
S0/0
172.16.16.254

Fa0/0 Router5
HostE 172.16.16.177
172.16.16.200

2. Document the subnets assigned to each WAN and LAN subnet. Your completed tables should look
similar to the following tables:
WAN Router1 to Router2 to Router2 to Router4 to Router4 to
Router4 Router1 Router3 Router3 Router5
Network 172.16.16.244 172.16.16.236 172.16.16.240 172.16.16.248 172.16.16.252
Address
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.252
(decimal)
First Host 172.16.16.245 172.16.16.237 172.16.16.241 172.16.16.249 172.16.16.253
Address
Last Host 172.16.16.246 172.16.16.238 172.16.16.242 172.16.16.250 172.16.16.254
Address
Broadcast 172.16.16.247 172.16.16.239 172.16.16.243 172.16.16.251 172.16.16.255
Address
Number of 2 2 2 2 2
Available Hosts
CIDR Notation /30 /30 /30 /30 /30

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

LAN Router1 Router2 Router2 Router4 Router4

Network 172.16.16.64 172.16.16.0 172.16.16.160 172.16.16.128 172.16.16.176
Address
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240
(decimal)
First Host 172.16.16.65 172.16.16.1 172.16.16.161 172.16.16.129 172.16.16.177
Address
Last Host 172.16.16.126 172.16.16.62 172.16.16.190 172.16.16.158 172.16.16.190
Address
Broadcast 172.16.16.127 172.16.16.63 172.16.16.191 172.16.16.159 172.16.16.191
Address
Number of 62 62 30 30 14
Available Hosts
CIDR Notation /26 /26 /27 /27 /28

HostA HostB HostC HostD HostE

IP Address 172.16.16.120 172.16.16.60 172.16.16.180 172.16.16.150 172.16.16.200
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240
(decimal)
CIDR Notation /26 /26 /27 /27 /28
Default 172.16.16.65 172.16.16.1 172.16.16.161 172.16.16.129 172.16.16.193
Gateway

3. Router1’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface, Serial 0/0 interface, and Serial 0/1 interface have not been
configured with an IP address.

4. By reviewing the topology diagram, the addressing tables you created, and the output of the show
cdp neighbors detail command, you can determine that Router1’s Serial 0/0 interface is connected
to Router2’s Serial 0/0 interface, which has an IP address assignment of 172.16.16.237. You can also
see that Router1’s Serial 0/1 interface is connected to Router4’s Serial 0/0 interface, which has an
IP address assignment of 172.16.16.246. This information allows you to determine the subnets for
Router1’s WAN interfaces.

By issuing the ipconfig command on HostA, you can determine the subnet used for Router1’s LAN
interface (FastEthernet 0/0) by the IP address assigned as HostA’s default gateway. This information
should allow you to select an unassigned IP address from the available address range to assign to
Router1’s interface. Each of Router1’s unconfigured interfaces belongs in a different subnet:

FastEthernet 0/0 172.16.16.64/26 subnet

Serial 0/0 172.16.16.236/30 subnet
Serial 0/1 172.16.16.244/30 subnet

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

5. Using the information gathered in the previous steps, you should assign the unassigned IP addresses
in the respective subnets to Router1’s WAN interfaces and assign the first host address to Router1’s
LAN interface. On Router1, you should issue the following commands to configure the appropriate
interfaces:

Router1#configure terminal
Router1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.65 255.255.255.192
Router1(config-if)#interface serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.238 255.255.255.252
Router1(config-if)#interface serial 0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.245 255.255.255.252

Task 3: Examine Network Connectivity

1. Pings from Router4 have the following results:

Device IP Address Result

Router1 172.16.16.238 (Serial 0/0) Succeeds
172.16.16.245 (Serial 0/0) Succeeds
172.16.16.65 (FastEthernet 0/0) Succeeds
Router2 172.16.16.237 (Serial 0/0) Succeeds
172.16.16.241 (Serial 0/1) Succeeds
Router3 172.16.16.242 (Serial 0/0) Succeeds
172.16.16.249 (Serial 0/1) Succeeds
172.16.16.161 (FastEthernet 0/0) Succeeds
Router5 172.16.16.254 (Serial 0/0) Succeeds
HostA 172.16.16.120 Succeeds
HostB 172.16.16.60 Succeeds
HostC 172.16.16.180 Fails
HostD 172.16.16.129 Succeeds
HostE 172.16.16.200 Fails

2. You could issue the show ip interface brief command, the show ip interface command, the show
interfaces command, the show running-config command, and others to perform basic troubleshooting
for the hosts and router interfaces that fail the ping test. The output of the commands should show that
all interfaces are up/up, that clocking is correctly configured on all serial links, and that all interfaces
are configured with an IP address. The output does not reveal any obvious configuration problems.

Task 4: Correct Configuration Issues

A. Examine the Specific Points of Failure
1. A ping from Router4 to HostC (172.16.16.180) fails.

Router4#ping 172.16.16.180

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

2. A ping from Router3 to HostC fails.

Router3#ping 172.16.16.180

3. A ping to a directly connected host could fail if an erroneous route in the routing table diverts the traffic
to an invalid destination, where the traffic is ultimately dropped.

4. Sample output from the show ip route command on Router3, which displays connected and learned
routes, is shown below:

Router3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 10 subnets

D 172.16.16.0/26 [90/5514496] via 172.16.16.241, 01:42:25, Serial0/0
D 172.16.16.64/26 [90/6026496] via 172.16.16.250, 01:12:59, Serial0/1
D 172.16.16.128/27 [90/5514496] via 172.16.16.250, 01:42:26, Serial0/1
C 172.16.16.160/27 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 172.16.16.176/28 [90/6026496] via 172.16.16.250, 01:42:26, Serial0/1
D 172.16.16.236/30 [90/6023936] via 172.16.16.241, 01:42:26, Serial0/0
C 172.16.16.240/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 172.16.16.244/30 [90/6023936] via 172.16.16.250, 01:42:26, Serial0/1
C 172.16.16.248/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 172.16.16.252/30 [90/6023936] via 172.16.16.250, 01:42:26, Serial0/1

All routes to the 172.16.16.176/28 network point toward Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface, which
sends traffic for this subnet to its next-hop neighbor—Router4. HostC’s IP address falls in the
172.16.16.176/28 range, but HostC is not connected to Router4.

5. A ping from Router4 to Router3’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface (172.16.16.161) should succeed.

Router4#ping 172.16.16.161

6. If a ping from Router4 to Router3’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface succeeds and a ping from Router4 to
HostC fails, you can conclude that there might be an error in the IP address configuration; you have
already ruled out, from the output of the show commands you issued in Task 1, B, step 2, problems
related to interface states and obvious configuration errors.

7. A ping from Router4 to Router5’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface (172.16.16.177) should succeed.

Router4#ping 172.16.16.177

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

8. A ping from Router4 to HostE (172.16.16.200) fails.

Router4#ping 172.16.16.200

9. The output of the show ip route command issued on Router3 shows that all routes to the
172.16.16.176/28 network point toward Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface, which sends traffic for this
subnet to its next-hop neighbor—Router4. This causes a problem with traffic addressed to HostC,
which is connected to Router3. Further examination reveals that the IP addresses of Router5’s
FastEthernet 0/0 interface and HostE fall into different networks; therefore, traffic addressed to HostE
can never be delivered. Sample output is shown below:

On HostE:
C:>ipconfig

<output omitted>
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.16.200
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.240
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.16.193

Router5#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0/0 172.16.16.254 YES unset up up
Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/0 172.16.16.177 YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down

10. No, all IP addresses on Router5 are not assigned correctly. Router5’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface is
configured with an incorrect IP address. Sample output from the show ip interface brief command is
shown below:

Router5#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0/0 172.16.16.254 YES unset up up
Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet0/0 172.16.16.177 YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset down down

B. Correct the Configuration

1. The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router5 is configured with an incorrect IP address. This interface is
configured with an IP address of 172.16.16.177 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240.

Router5#show running-config interface fastethernet 0/0

Building configuration...
Current configuration : 125 bytes
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
description Router5LAN
ip address 172.16.16.177 255.255.255.240
no ip directed-broadcast
end
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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

This causes two problems. The first problem is that the IP address of Router5’s FastEthernet 0/0
interface and the IP address of HostE, which is connected to Router5, are in different networks and
therefore cannot communicate. This prevents the rest of the network from reaching HostE.

The second problem is that the IP address currently assigned to Router5’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface
overlaps the network assigned to the Router3 LAN. The Router3 LAN is configured with a 27-bit
prefix (mask 255.255.255.224) and has an address range from 172.16.16.160 through 172.16.16.191.
The FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router5 is configured with an IP address of 172.16.16.177 with a 28-
bit prefix (mask 255.255.255.240).

LAN Router3 Router5

Network Address 172.16.16.160 172.16.16.176
Subnet Mask (decimal) 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240
First Host Address 172.16.16.161 172.16.16.177
Last Host Address 172.16.16.190 172.16.16.190
Broadcast Address 172.16.16.191 172.16.16.191
Number of Available Hosts 30 14
CIDR Notation /27 /28

This causes Router5 to announce via EIGRP a network that overlaps half of the Router3 LAN network.
The network that Router5 announces has a 28-bit prefix and is preferred over the overlapping network
with the shorter prefix, which Router3 advertises. The result is that half of the Router3 LAN’s network
addresses are unreachable.

2. You should issue the following commands to correct the configuration on Router5:

Router5#configure terminal
Router5(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router5(config-if)#ip address 172.16.16.193 255.255.255.240

The change to the IP addressing of the FastEthernet 0/0 interface on Router5 will prevent the Router5
network from overlapping the Router3 network, as shown in the table below:

LAN Router3 Router5

Network Address 172.16.16.160 172.16.16.192
Subnet Mask (decimal) 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240
First Host Address 172.16.16.161 172.16.16.193
Last Host Address 172.16.16.190 172.16.16.206
Broadcast Address 172.16.16.191 172.16.16.207
Number of Available Hosts 30 14
CIDR Notation /27 /28

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Task 5: Verify the Configuration

A. Verify Connectivity
1. After you allow time for the network to converge, pings from Router4 to HostC (172.16.16.180) and
HostE (172.16.16.200), which failed before, are now successful.

Router4#ping 172.16.16.180
Router4#ping 172.16.16.200

2. Router4 should have full connectivity to all other devices on the network. If any of the pings fail,
verify your configuration from Task 4, B, step 2.

B. Verify Routing
1. You should issue the show ip route command on Router4 to examine the contents of the IP routing
table. Sample output is shown below:

Router4#show ip route
<output omitted>

Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 10 subnets

D 172.16.16.0/26 [90/6026496] via 172.16.16.249, 01:55:51, Serial0/1
D 172.16.16.64/26 [90/5514496] via 172.16.16.245, 01:24:24, Serial0/0
C 172.16.16.128/27 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 172.16.16.160/27 [90/5514496] via 172.16.16.249, 01:55:51, Serial0/1
D 172.16.16.192/28 [90/5514496] via 172.16.16.254, 00:00:57, Serial0/2
D 172.16.16.236/30 [90/6023936] via 172.16.16.245, 01:24:24, Serial0/0
D 172.16.16.240/30 [90/6023936] via 172.16.16.249, 01:55:51, Serial0/1
C 172.16.16.244/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 172.16.16.248/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 172.16.16.252/30 is directly connected, Serial0/2

The output of the show ip route command issued on Router4 now does not show the route to the
172.16.16.176/28 network, which pointed toward Router5. It has been replaced by the correct route to
the 172.16.16.160/27 network, which points toward Router3.

2. The routing table update to Router4 enables the devices on the network to reach HostC and HostE.

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Sample Configuration Scripts

Router1 Router1 (continued)
Router1#show running-config interface FastEthernet0/1
Building configuration... no ip address
Current configuration : 959 bytes no ip directed-broadcast
! !
Version 12.3 router eigrp 100
service timestamps debug uptime network 172.16.0.0
service timestamps log uptime auto-summary
no service password-encryption !
! ip classless
hostname Router1 no ip http server
! !
ip subnet-zero line con 0
! line aux 0
ip cef line vty 0 4
no ip domain-lookup !
! no scheduler allocate
interface Serial0/0 end
description ToRouter2
ip address 172.16.16.238 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
bandwidth 512
!
interface Serial0/1
description ToRouter4
ip address 172.16.16.245 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
bandwidth 512
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
description Router1LAN
ip address 172.16.16.65 255.255.255.192
no ip directed-broadcast
!

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CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Router4 Router4 (continued)

Router4#show running-config interface FastEthernet0/1
Building configuration... no ip address
Current configuration : 1227 bytes no ip directed-broadcast
! !
Version 12.3 router eigrp 100
service timestamps debug uptime network 172.16.0.0
service timestamps log uptime auto-summary
no service password-encryption !
! ip classless
hostname Router4 no ip http server
! !
ip subnet-zero line con 0
! line aux 0
ip cef line vty 0 4
no ip domain-lookup !
! no scheduler allocate
interface Serial0/0 end
description ToRouter1
ip address 172.16.16.246 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
clock rate 64000
bandwidth 512
!
interface Serial0/1
description toRouter3
ip address 172.16.16.250 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
clock rate 64000
bandwidth 512
!
interface Serial0/2
description toRouter5
ip address 172.16.16.253 255.255.255.252
ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.18.0 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.21.0 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.23.0 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 100 172.16.27.0 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
clock rate 64000
bandwidth 512
!
interface Serial0/3
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
description Router4LAN
ip address 172.16.16.129 255.255.255.224
no ip directed-broadcast
!

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 CCNA Lab 2.1 – Subnet Configuration

Router5
Router5#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 889 bytes
!
Version 12.3
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router5
!
ip subnet-zero
!
ip cef
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Serial0/0
description toRouter4
ip address 172.16.16.254 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
description Router5LAN
ip address 172.16.16.193 255.255.255.240
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router eigrp 100
network 172.16.0.0
auto-summary
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
no scheduler allocate
end

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 27

CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

To perform this lab in the Boson NetSim, navigate to the appropriate lab in the lab menu in NetSim, and load
the lab. You can then accomplish the tasks below.

Objective
This lab corresponds to Module 2: Network Addressing and Transport of Boson’s CCNA Curriculum. In this
lab, you will implement Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses. Your implementation should enable
router interfaces to ping IPv6 addresses across routers.

Lab Topology
The topology diagram below represents the NetMap in the Simulator:

Fa0/0
Router1
0 /24 S0/0
0 .1.
0.1
16
4 2
.0/

Fa0/0
0 .1

Router2
5.1
17

S0/0

S0/1 S0/0
Router3 Router4
180.10.1.0/24
The commands you will need to perform the tasks in this lab, along with their syntax and descriptions, are
shown in the Command Summary table below:

Command Summary
Command Description
configure terminal enters global configuration mode from privileged EXEC mode
enable enters privileged EXEC mode
end ends and exits configuration mode
exit exits one level in the menu structure
interface type number changes from global configuration mode to interface configuration mode
ipv6 address [address/prefix- configures an IPv6 address for an interface; the autoconfig keyword
length | autoconfig | dhcp] forces the device to dynamically discover its network prefix and to derive
an address based on the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the
interface; the dhcp keyword forces the device to dynamically obtain an
address for the interface from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) server
ipv6 unicast-routing enables IPv6 routing
Lab ID: 13.820AK02.CCNA.1
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 CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Command Description
ping ip-address sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to the
specified address
ping ipv6 ipv6-address sends an ICMP echo request to the specified IPv6 address
show ip interface brief displays a brief summary of interface status and configuration
show ip route displays the IP routing table
show ipv6 interface displays IPv6 interface information
show ipv6 interface brief displays a brief summary of each IPv6 interface’s configuration and
status
show ipv6 protocols displays information about active IPv6 routing protocols
show ipv6 route displays the IPv6 routing table
show running-config displays the active configuration file

The IP addresses and subnet masks used in this lab are shown in the table below:

IP Addresses
Device Interface IPv4 Address IPv6 Address
Router1 Serial 0/0 175.10.1.1/24 2001:0001:0003:0004::2/64
FastEthernet 0/0 160.10.1.1/24 2001:0001:0003:0006::1/64
Router2 FastEthernet 0/0 160.10.1.2/24 2001:0001:0003:0006::2/64
Router3 Serial 0/0 175.10.1.2/24 2001:0001:0003:0004::1/64
Serial 0/1 180.10.1.1/24 2001:0001:0003:0001::1/64
Router4 Serial 0/0 180.10.1.2/24 2001:0001:0003:0001::2/64

Lab Tasks
Task 1: Configure IPv6 Addresses
In this task, you will examine the current network configuration and configure the appropriate IPv6 addresses
on the interfaces. You will only perform steps on the physical interfaces shown in the IP Addresses table.
A. Examine the Initial Network Configuration
1. Examine the running configuration of all routers; do the IP version 4 (IPv4) addresses assigned to each
router interface match IP addresses shown in the IP Addresses table? ____________________________

2. What types of IP addresses are currently assigned to the routers? _______________________________

3. What is the theoretical maximum number of unique IP addresses of this type that can be assigned?
___________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why is there a need to change this method of IP addressing? __________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

5. Verify IPv4 connectivity between Router3 and Router4 by issuing the ping 180.10.1.2 command on
Router3 and the ping 180.10.1.1 command on Router4. Do the pings succeed? ____________________

B. Configure IPv6 Addresses

1. IPv6 addresses will eventually replace the IPv4 addresses currently in use today. What are the expected
benefits of this new type of IP addressing? _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are some of the major differences between IPv4 addressing and IPv6 addressing? _____________
___________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the theoretical maximum number of IPv6 addresses that can be assigned? _________________

4. Briefly describe some of the techniques that will allow IPv4 addressing to coexist with IPv6
addressing. _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

5. Enable IPv6 packet forwarding on Router3 and Router4.

6. Configure static IPv6 addresses for Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface and Router4’s Serial 0/0 interface;
refer to the IP Addresses table.

C. Verify Interface Configuration

1. Issue the show ipv6 interface command on Router3. What IPv6 addresses have been assigned to
Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface? __________________________________________________________

2. Issue the show ipv6 interface brief command on Router3. What interfaces have IPv6 addresses? _____
___________________________________________________________________________________

3. From Router3, ping Router4’s global unicast Serial 0/1 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:1::2). Does the ping
succeed? ___________________________________________________________________________

4. From Router4, ping Router3’s global unicast Serial 0/1 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:1::1). Does the ping
succeed? ___________________________________________________________________________

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 CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Task 2: Configure IPv6 between Router1 and Router2

In this task, you will use the commands you learned in the previous task to implement IPv6 on the link
between Router1 and Router2. Use the IPv6 addresses in the table.
1. On Router1, enable IPv6 packet forwarding.

2. On Router1, configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface with the appropriate IPv6 address.

3. Which keyword would you use if you wanted to specify only a network prefix and to have Router1
derive an address based on the MAC address of its FastEthernet 0/0 interface? ____________________

4. Which keyword would you use if you wanted Router1 to dynamically discover its network prefix and
to derive an address based on the MAC address of its FastEthernet 0/0 interface? __________________

5. On Router2, enable IPv6 packet forwarding.

6. On Router2, configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface with the appropriate IPv6 address.

7. From Router2, verify that you can ping Router1’s FastEthernet 0/0 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:6::1).

Task 3: Configure IPv6 between Router1 and Router3

In this task, you will use the commands you learned in previous tasks to implement IPv6 on the link between
Router1 and Router3. Use the IPv6 addresses in the table.
1. On Router1, configure the Serial 0/0 interface with the appropriate IPv6 address.

2. Which keyword would you use if you wanted Router1 to dynamically obtain an address for the Serial
0/0 interface from a DHCP server? _______________________________________________________

3. On Router3, configure the Serial 0/0 interface with the appropriate IPv6 address.

4. From Router3, verify that you can ping Router1’s Serial 0/0 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:4::2).

Once you have completed this lab, be sure to check your work by using the grading function. You can
do so by clicking the Grade Lab icon ( ) in the toolbar or by pressing Ctrl+G.

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 31

CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Lab Solutions
Task 1: Configure IPv6 Addresses
A. Examine the Initial Network Configuration
1. Yes, the IP addresses assigned to each router interface match the IP addresses shown in the IP
Addresses table. You can verify this by issuing the show ip interface brief command, among others.
Sample output from Router1 is shown below:

Router1>enable
Router1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0/0 175.10.1.1 YES unset up up
Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet0/0 160.10.1.1 YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 160.10.2.1 YES unset up up

2. The routers are currently configured with IPv4 addresses.

3. The theoretical maximum number of unique IP addresses that can be assigned in the IPv4 address
space is 232, which equals 4,294,467,295 IP addresses. Due to inefficiencies in the allocation of
addresses, it is estimated that there are approximately 1.3 billion usable IPv4 addresses available.

4. A new method of IP addressing is needed because the IPv4 address space is being rapidly exhausted.
Address conservation technologies, such as Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), variable-length
subnet masking (VLSM), and private IP addressing combined with Network Address Translation
(NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT), have extended the life of IPv4 addressing long beyond
initial predictions. Even so, the growing number of Internet users is rapidly exhausting the remaining
available IPv4 addresses. A new IP addressing technique that allows for a much larger number of IP
addresses is needed to meet the increasing demand of Internet users and the growth of new Internet-
enabled devices, such as wireless phones and other handheld devices.

5. A ping from Router3 to Router4’s Serial 0/0 interface (180.10.1.2) and from Router4 to Router3’s
Serial 0/1 interface (180.10.1.1) should succeed.

Router3>enable
Router3#ping 180.10.1.2

Router4>enable
Router4#ping 180.10.1.1

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 CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

B. Configure IPv6 Addresses

1. The primary benefit of IPv6 is that a dramatically higher number of IP addresses can be assigned. Other
benefits of IPv6 over IPv4 include the following:

- Built-in security
- Automatic address configuration by using ICMP version 6 (ICMPv6) and DHCP version 6
(DHCPv6)
- A simpler header structure
- Reliance on Transport layer protocols rather than header checksums for data integrity
- Better support for mobile devices
- Native implementation of IP Security (IPSec)
- More efficient route aggregation by using multiple subprefixes

2. A major difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses is the length of the address. An IPv4 address
is 32 bits in length and is usually represented in dotted decimal notation as four decimal octets. An
IPv6 address is 128 bits in length and is usually represented as eight 16-bit hexadecimal values. IPv4
addresses are usually assigned with a dotted decimal subnet mask, such as 255.255.255.248. IPv6
addresses are usually assigned with a prefix length in CIDR notation, such as /64.

3. The theoretical maximum number of IPv6 addresses that can be assigned is 3.4 × 1038 IP addresses.

4. The transition to IPv6 will not happen immediately. Several technologies, such as dual stacking, 6to4
tunneling, 4to6 tunneling, and Network Address Translation-Port Translation (NAT-PT), provide
interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6.

- A dual-stack configuration allows a device to be configured with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and
to participate in IPv4 and IPv6 networks simultaneously.
- The 6to4 tunneling technology allows an IPv4 network to encapsulate and transport IPv6 traffic.
- The 4to6 tunneling technology allows an IPv6 network to encapsulate and transport IPv4 traffic.
- NAT-PT enables communication between IPv6-only hosts and IPv4-only hosts by translating IPv6
packets to IPv4 packets and by translating IPv4 packets to IPv6 packets; NAT-PT relies on address
translation, so a NAT-PT router must manage address mappings so that the router can correctly
translate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

5. You should issue the following commands to enable IPv6 packet forwarding on Router3 and Router4:

Router3#configure terminal
Router3(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

Router4#configure terminal
Router4(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 33

CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

6. You should issue the following commands to configure the appropriate static IPv6 addresses on
Router3 and Router4:

Router3(config)#interface serial 0/1

Router3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:1::1/64

Router4(config)#interface serial 0/0

Router4(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:1::2/64

C. Verify Interface Configuration

1. Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface has been assigned the global unicast IPv6 address 2001:1:3:1::1/64 and
the link-local IPv6 address FE80::020C:31FF:FE68:8461. The link-local IPv6 address is automatically
generated when you assign a global unicast IPv6 address to an interface. Sample output from the show
ipv6 interface command is shown below:

Router3(config-if)#end
Router3#show ipv6 interface
Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::020C:31FF:FE68:8461
Global unicast address(es):
2001:1:3:1::1, subnet is 2001:1:3:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FF68:8461
<output omitted>

2. Router3’s Serial 0/1 interface has a global unicast IPv6 address and a link-local IPv6 address.
Additionally, the Loopback 6 interface has a global unicast IPv6 address and a link-local IPv6 address.
Sample output from the show ipv6 interface brief command is shown below:

Router3#show ipv6 interface brief

Serial0/0 [up/up]
unassigned
Serial0/1 [up/up]
FE80::020C:31FF:FE68:8461
2001:1:3:1::1
FastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
FastEthernet0/1 [up/up]
unassigned
FastEthernet0/1.1 [up/up]
unassigned
FastEthernet0/1.2 [up/up]
unassigned
FastEthernet0/1.4 [up/up]
unassigned

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 CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

3. From Router3, a ping to Router4’s Serial 0/0 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:1::2) succeeds because the Serial
interfaces between the two routers are directly connected and reside on the same subnet.

Router3#ping ipv6 2001:1:3:1::2

4. From Router4, a ping to Router3’s Serial 0/1 IPv6 address (2001:1:3:1::1) succeeds because the Serial
interfaces between the two routers are directly connected and reside on the same subnet.

Router4(config-if)#end
Router4#ping ipv6 2001:1:3:1::1

Task 2: Configure IPv6 between Router1 and Router2

1. On Router1, you should issue the following commands to enable IPv6 packet forwarding:

Router1#configure terminal
Router1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

2. On Router1, you should issue the following commands to configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface with
the appropriate IPv6 address:

Router1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

Router1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:6::1/64

3. You would use the eui-64 keyword if you wanted to specify only a network prefix and to have
Router1 derive an address based on the MAC address of its FastEthernet 0/0 interface. A Cisco
device can automatically generate a 64-bit interface ID called an EUI-64 interface ID based on the
48-bit MAC address of an Ethernet interface. To configure an interface to use the EUI-64 interface
ID, you should issue the ipv6 address prefix/prefix-length eui-64 command. For example, the ipv6
address 2001:ABCD:1234::/64 eui-64 command configures an interface with the 64-bit IPv6 prefix
2001:ABCD:1234:0 and an EUI-64 interface ID.

4. You would you use the autoconfig keyword if you wanted Router1 to dynamically discover its
network prefix and to derive an address based on the MAC address of its FastEthernet 0/0 interface.
This method of dynamic addressing is referred to as stateless autoconfiguration. With stateless
autoconfiguration, a Cisco device can listen to Router Advertisement (RA) messages to dynamically
discover the appropriate network prefix for a particular link. The prefix is then combined with
the device’s EUI-64 interface ID to create a unique IPv6 address. For example, the ipv6 address
autoconfig command configures an interface to use stateless autoconfiguration.

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 35

CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

5. On Router2, you should issue the following commands to enable IPv6 packet forwarding:

Router2>enable
Router2#configure terminal
Router2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

6. On Router2, you should issue the following commands to configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface with
the appropriate IPv6 address:

Router2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

Router2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:6::2/64

7. A ping from Router2 to Router1’s FastEthernet 0/0 interface (2001:1:3:6::1) should succeed.

Router2(config-if)#end
Router2#ping ipv6 2001:1:3:6::1

Task 3: Configure IPv6 between Router1 and Router3

1. On Router1, you should issue the following commands to configure the Serial 0/0 interface with the
appropriate IPv6 address:

Router1(config-if)#interface serial 0/0

Router1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:4::2/64

2. You would use the dhcp keyword if you wanted Router1 to dynamically obtain an address for the
Serial 0/0 interface from a DHCP server. For example, the ipv6 address dhcp command configures an
interface to obtain an address dynamically from a DHCP server.

3. On Router3, you should issue the following commands to configure the Serial 0/0 interface with the
appropriate IPv6 address:

Router3#configure terminal
Router3(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1:3:4::1/64

4. A ping from Router3 to Router1’s Serial 0/0 interface (2001:1:3:4::2) should succeed.

Router3(config-if)#end
Router3#ping ipv6 2001:1:3:4::2

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 CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Sample Configuration Scripts

Router1 Router1 (continued)
Router1#show running-config interface FastEthernet0/0
Building configuration... ip address 160.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
Current configuration : 1282 bytes no ip directed-broadcast
! ipv6 address 2001:1:3:6::1/64
Version 12.3 !
service timestamps debug uptime interface FastEthernet0/1
service timestamps log uptime no ip address
no service password-encryption no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
hostname Router1 !
! router eigrp 100
ip subnet-zero network 160.10.0.0
! network 175.10.0.0
ip cef auto-summary
no ip domain-lookup !
! ip classless
ipv6 unicast-routing no ip http server
ip host Router2 160.10.1.2 !
! cdp holdtime 20
interface Loopback0 cdp timer 50
ip address 160.10.2.1 255.255.255.0 !
no ip directed broadcast banner motd ^C
! Unauthorized Access Prohibited^C
interface Serial0/0 line con 0
description Serial Link to Router3 line aux 0
ip address 175.10.1.1 255.255.255.0 line vty 0 4
no ip directed-broadcast !
clock rate 64000 no scheduler allocate
bandwidth 64 end
ipv6 address 2001:1:3:4::2/64
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
!

© 2020 Boson Software, LLC Labs powered by 37

CCNA Lab 2.2 – IPv6 Configuration

Router3 Router3 (continued)

Router3#show running-config interface FastEthernet0/1
Building configuration... no ip address
Current configuration : 1143 bytes no ip directed-broadcast
! !
Version 12.3 interface FastEthernet0/1.1
service timestamps debug uptime encapsulation dot1q 1
service timestamps log uptime ip address 197.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
no service password-encryption !
! interface FastEthernet0/1.2
hostname Router3 encapsulation dot1q 2
! ip address 197.10.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip subnet-zero !
! interface FastEthernet0/1.4
ip cef encapsulation dot1q 4
no ip domain-lookup ip address 197.10.4.1 255.255.255.0
! !
ipv6 unicast-routing !
! router eigrp 100
interface Serial0/0 network 175.10.0.0
ip address 175.10.1.2 255.255.255.0 network 180.10.0.0
no ip directed-broadcast network 197.10.1.0
ipv6 address 2001:1:3:4::1/64 network 197.10.2.0
! network 197.10.4.0
interface Serial0/1 auto-summary
ip address 180.10.1.1 255.255.255.0 !
no ip directed-broadcast ip classless
clock rate 64000 no ip http server
ipv6 address 2001:1:3:1::1/64 !
! line con 0
interface FastEthernet0/0 line aux 0
no ip address line vty 0 4
no ip directed-broadcast !
shutdown no scheduler allocate
! end

38 Labs powered by © 2020 Boson Software, LLC

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