Government Property

NOT FOR SALE

8
Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Module 2

Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Mathematics- Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 –Module2: Theorems on Triangle Inequalities
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in anywork of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Ermie P. Amper

Reviewers: Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, Philjun C. del Rosario
Illustrator : Ermie P. Amper
Layout Artist: Jay Michael Calipusan

Management Team
Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Conniebel C.Nistal, PhD.

OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar
CID Chief

Members Ma. Cristina B. Galgo, EPS

Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
Office Address: Brgy. 23,NationalHighway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About................................................................................i

What I Need to Know..........................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Learning Package.........................................................................ii
Icons of this Learning Package..........................................................................................iii

What I Know..................................................................................................................... iii

Lesson 1:
Theorems on Triangle Inequalities and its Application………………………………..
What I Need to Know ………………………………………………………….
What’s New: Activity 1: Yeah or Nay……………..…………………………1
What Is It: Let’s Get To Know...................................................................2
What’s More: Activity 2: It’s My Turn........................................................5
What I Have Learned: Activity 3: Draw Me If You Can.............................6
What I Can Do: Activity 4: Tell Me............................................................6

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers..............................................................................................................8
References..................................................................................................................... 10
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
Triangles are everywhere around us. It could be the shape of the table, wall clock or
even clothes hanger. Triangles differ in lengths of its sides and measures of its angles.
There are different theorems of triangle inequality as discussed during the previous lessons.
One of which is theorem states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
greater than the length of the remaining side. It follows from the fact that a straight line is the
shortest path between two points.
On this module, you will learn how to apply and prove the different theorems of
triangle inequality. Through these theorems, you will be able to apply these concepts in
solving real life problems.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. apply theorems on triangle inequalities (M8GE-IVb-1)

2. prove inequalities in a triangle (M8GE-IVc-1)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is always_____________.

a. greater than its adjacent interior angle.
b. less than its adjacent interior angle.
c. greater than either remote interior angle
d. less than either remote interior angle

2. What are the two remote interior angles of angle Z?

a. ∠ E∧∠M
b. ∠ M ∧∠ R
c. ∠ E∧∠R
d. ∠ E∧∠Z

3. Which of the following lengths given can form a triangle?

I. 6cm, 6cm, 6cm
II. 4cm, 5cm, 9cm
III. 7cm, 5cm, 6cm
IV. 3cm, 7cm, 5cm

a. I and III only b. II and III c. I, III, & IV d. I, II, & III

4. What are the possible values of x in the figure below?

a. 5 < X < 11
b. 5 > X > 11
c. 11 > X > 5
d. 11 < X < 5

5. Which side of ∆ERM is the shortest?

a. ER
b. RM
c. EM
d. MR
 Lesson Theorems on Triangle
1 Inequalities and its Application

What I Need to Know

Triangle Inequality

It states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the
length of the remaining side. It follows from the fact that a straight line is the shortest path
between two points. The inequality is strict if the triangle is non-degenerate (meaning it has a
non-zero area).

What’s New

Activity 1: Yeah or Nay

Can you make a triangle having the lengths of the following?

Length Yes No
1. 2cm, 3cm, 5cm

2. 3cm, 4cm, 5cm

3. 5cm, 3cm, 6cm

4. 6cm, 1cm, 2cm

5. 4cm, 3cm, 6cm

1
2
 What is It: Let’s Get to Know

Activity 1 proves that not all three given length can form a triangle. In item 1, it’s a
“No”. If we will add 2cm and 3 cm the result is not greater than 5cm which is the third side.
We should remember theorem that states “the sum of the lengths of any two sides of
a triangle is greater than the length of the remaining side” before we can conclude that the
three given lengths can automatically form a triangle. So, in order to know this concept
deeper, let us proceed to the discussion below.

Inequalities Theorem Definition

In One Triangle
1.Theorem 1 (Ss Aa) If one side of a triangle is longer than a second
side, then the angle opposite the first side is larger
than the angle opposite the second side.
2. Theorem 2 (Aa Ss) If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second
angle, then the side opposite the first angle is
longer than the side opposite the second angle.

3. Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 >S3) The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a
triangle is greater than the length of the third side.

4.Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is

greater than the measure of either remote interior
angle

In Two Triangles
5.Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two
Theorem sides of another triangle, but the included angle of
the first triangle is greater than the included angle
of the second, then the third side of the first
triangle is longer than the third side of the second.
6.Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two
Inequality Theorem sides of another triangle, but the third side of the
first triangle is longer than the third side of the
second, then the included angle of the first triangle
is larger than the included angle of the second.

Theorem1: If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the
first side is larger than the angle opposite the second side.

Proof:

4 < 5 < 7 ; AB < BC < AC

Then m∠C < m∠A < m∠B

3
Theorem 2: If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite
the first angle is longer than the side opposite the second angle.

78º > 58º > 44º ;

m∠ B > m∠ A > m∠ C
then AC > BC > AB

Theorem 3: The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length
of the third side.

Two Options:
a. AC is the longest
- 12 + 17 > x
- 29 > x
- x< 29
b. BC is the longest
- x + 12 > 17
- x +12 -12 > 17 – 12
- x>5
therefore, 5 < x < 29

In the first option, it is implied that the value of x, which is the side AC, must be less
than 29; while in the second option, the value of x must be greater than 5. Therefore, 5 < x <
29 simply means that the values of x ranges from 6 to 28. To show this, let’s have an
example then we will check if the inequality is true.

For example:
Let x = 20
a. AC is the longest
12 + 17 > x
12 + 17 > 20
29 > 20 (True)

Let x = 10
b. BC is the longest
x + 12 > 17
10 + 12 > 17
22 > 17 (True)

4
Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is
greater than the measure of either remote interior angle

m∠4 > m∠ 1 or m∠4 > m∠ 2 or m∠ 4=m∠1+m∠ 2

m∠ 4=m∠ 1+m∠ 2 This means that the measure

of an exterior angle of a triangle is
equal to the sum of the measures of its
two remote interior angles.

Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality Theorem: If two sides of one triangle are congruent to
two sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the
included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third
side of the second.

EF > BC AB = DE , AC = DF
m∠ D>m∠ A

Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem: If two sides of one triangle are
congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third side of the first triangle is longer than
the third side of the second, then the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the
included angle of the second.

m∠ ACB∧m∠ GDE
m∠ ACB>m ∠ GDE

5
 What’s More

Activity 2: It’s My Turn

Consider the illustrations.

Questions:
1. If MI = 15 and IX = 12, then what can you say about m∠1 and m∠3?
2. If m∠1 = 650 and m∠3 = 500, then what can you say about sides MI and IX?
3. If MI = 15 and IX = 12, then what may be the measure of MX?
4. If m∠2 = 650 and m∠3 = 500, then what is the measure of ∠4?

Using the Hinge Theorem and its Converse, write a conclusion on figure 2.

Note to the learner:

In question number 1 in activity 2, m∠1 > m∠3 by applying Theorem 1 that states, “If
one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the first side is
larger than the angle opposite the second side”. Angle 1 is the opposite of side MI which
measures 15 while angle 3 is the opposite of side IX which only measures 12. Since 15 is
greater than 12, therefore, the measure of angle 1 is greater than the measure of angle 3.

6
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Draw Me If You Can?

A. Can you form a triangle from sticks of lengths 7,9 and 20? First is done for you.

Find it Out Simplified Forms Is the simplified Can a triangle be

form true? formed? Justify
1. 7 + 9 > 20 16 > 20 No. No. Theorem 1
2. 7 + 20 > 9
3. 9 + 20 >7
Which question should be enough to find out if a triangle can be formed?

B. Answer the following questions:

1. Does a triangle with these side lengths exist? 15, 12,9

2. Can the sides of a triangle have lengths 3,4, and 9?
3. What is the possible third side to a triangle with side lengths of 13 and 4?
4. Order the sides from least to greatest.

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Tell Me

1. One angle of a scalene triangle measures 650. Does this angle lie opposite the
shortest, longest, or the other side? Explain your answer.

2. A triangle has two sides that are 6 cm and 15 cm in lengths, respectively. Rey says
that the third side could be 9 cm. Joy says that it could not be 9 cm but it could be 15
cm. Who is correct and why?

3. In a right triangle, one of the acute angles is 50 more than the other acute angle. Find
the measures of the angles. What is the measure of the exterior angle that is
adjacent to the right angle?

7
Summary:

Now that you worked through this module, you are able to explain the different
theorems of triangle inequalities, determine why triangle inequality theorem is true and apply
these theorems to line segment to test if the given three side lengths can form a triangle and
in solving real-life situations for decision making.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Write only the letter of the choice that
you think best answers the questions.

1. The triangle inequality theorem states the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a
triangle is ______________ the length of the third side.
a. greater than
b. less than
c. greater than or equal to
d. less than or equal to
2. Name the smallest angle in this triangle.

a. ∠L
b. ∠O
c. ∠V
d. None of these

3. Does this triangle with these side lengths exist? 12, 9, 6

a. Yes b. No c. I don’t know d. Maybe

4. In ∆CAT and ∆DOG shown below, which of the

following statement is true?
a. CT is longer than DG
b. DG is shorter than CT
c. CA is longer than DO
d. DG is longer than CA

5. Two sides of a triangle have side length of 15 meters and 10 meters. What is the
range of possible lengths of the third side?
a. 6 > x > 12
b. 5 < x < 25
c. 10 > x >15
d. 7 > x > 5

8
 Answers

Pre-Test
1. c
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. a

Post-Test
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. b
Lesson 1
Activity 1
1. No
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. No
5. Yes

Activity 2
1. m∠1 > m∠3
2. MI > IX
3. 3 < MX < 27
4. m∠4 = 1150

Hinge Theorem: (Answer: IH > IG )

Converse of the Hinge Theorem: ( Answer: m∠IJH > m∠IJG)

Activity 3
Find it Out Simplified Forms Is the simplified Can a triangle be
form true? formed? Justify
1. 7 + 9 > 20 16 > 20 No. No. Theorem 1
2. 7 + 20 > 9 27 > 9 Yes Yes
3. 9 + 20 >7 29 > 7 Yes Yes
Which question should be enough to find out if a triangle can be formed?

The question asking whether 7+9>20 should be enough to find out if triangle is formed from the
sides because 7 and 9 are the shorter sides.

B.
9
1. Yes
2. No
3. third side measures less than or equal to 16
4, AB, BC, AC respectively

Activity 4.
1. It is not the shortest nor the longest side. Theorem No. 2 (Aa→Ss)
2. Joy is correct because of Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3)
3. The measure of angles are 50º, 40º. Exterior angle measures 90º

10
References

Learners Material Mathematics 8

Teachers Guide Mathematics 8

https://brilliant.org/wiki/triangle-inequality/

https://tutors.com/math-tutors/geometry-help/triangle-inequality-theorem

https://www.radford.edu/rumathsmpdc/Performance/src/Brewer%20%20Triangle%20Inequality
%20Task.pdf

https://byjus.com/maths/triangle-inequality-theorem/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiagrTl2y4o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2YK87VbLCM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlKYvbigBqs&t=196s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BakH3k4OeQ0&t=28s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiwV5W6fPnc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty-ko6zdNpY&t=225s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-jMiQK0ifU&t=122s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OG0QWelNBPw&pbjreload=101

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWo-hdV2g_4

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/57d73531dae272e3813d193c/triangle-inequality-theorems

11
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23,National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: [email protected]

12