Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 76 views

    Review Notes - Endocrine Conditions

    Uploaded by

    Karol De La Cruz
    The document discusses several growth hormone and thyroid disorders including gigantism, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and their causes, signs and symptoms, and management. Gigantism occurs in childhood and results in abnormal height increase while acromegaly occurs in adulthood. Both are caused by excess growth hormone from a pituitary tumor. Signs include enlarged features and organs, hyperglycemia, and increased health risks. Management involves surgery to remove the pituitary gland and medications. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland often due to Graves' disease. Signs include increased metabolism, appetite, and risks to various organs. Diagnostic tests show increased thyroid hormones and decreased TSH. Management includes radioactive i

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Review Notes - Endocrine Conditions

    Uploaded by

    Karol De La Cruz
    76 views3 pages
    The document discusses several growth hormone and thyroid disorders including gigantism, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and their causes, signs and symptoms, and management. Gigantism occurs in childhood and results in abnormal height increase while acromegaly occurs in adulthood. Both are caused by excess growth hormone from a pituitary tumor. Signs include enlarged features and organs, hyperglycemia, and increased health risks. Management involves surgery to remove the pituitary gland and medications. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland often due to Graves' disease. Signs include increased metabolism, appetite, and risks to various organs. Diagnostic tests show increased thyroid hormones and decreased TSH. Management includes radioactive i

    Original Description:

    Review Notes - Endocrine Conditions

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses several growth hormone and thyroid disorders including gigantism, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and their causes, signs and symptoms, and management. Gigantism occurs in childhood and results in abnormal height increase while acromegaly occurs in adulthood. Both are caused by excess growth hormone from a pituitary tumor. Signs include enlarged features and organs, hyperglycemia, and increased health risks. Management involves surgery to remove the pituitary gland and medications. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland often due to Graves' disease. Signs include increased metabolism, appetite, and risks to various organs. Diagnostic tests show increased thyroid hormones and decreased TSH. Management includes radioactive i

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    76 views3 pages

    Review Notes - Endocrine Conditions

    Uploaded by

    Karol De La Cruz
    The document discusses several growth hormone and thyroid disorders including gigantism, acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and their causes, signs and symptoms, and management. Gigantism occurs in childhood and results in abnormal height increase while acromegaly occurs in adulthood. Both are caused by excess growth hormone from a pituitary tumor. Signs include enlarged features and organs, hyperglycemia, and increased health risks. Management involves surgery to remove the pituitary gland and medications. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland often due to Graves' disease. Signs include increased metabolism, appetite, and risks to various organs. Diagnostic tests show increased thyroid hormones and decreased TSH. Management includes radioactive i

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Growth Hormone Disorders

     Promotes growth
    o Male/Female = until 18 YO only
     Stimulates the liver to produce glucose

    GIGANTISM
     Excessive growth hormone level
     Onset = less than 18 years old / adolescence
     Open pa yung epiphyseal plates ng long bones -> abnormal increase in height

    ACROMEGALY
     Excessive growth hormone
     Onset = more than 18 YO/ adults
    o Closed na yung epiphyseal plates ng long bones -> no increase in height

    CAUSES OF GIGANTISM AND ACROMEGALY

     Pituitary Tumor

    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

     Earliest
    o Changes in the appearance
     Enlargement of the forehead, nose, jaw, lips/tongue, larynx, hands/feet
     Organopathy
    o Hepatomegaly
    o Splenomegaly
    o Cardiomegaly -> at risk to develop heart failure
     Hyperglycemia
    o 3PS -> Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
     Atherosclerosis -> accumulation of cholesterol in the coronary artery or any artery
    o Risk for angina, MI, stroke
     Colon polyps -> bukol in the colon
    o Risk for colon cancer

    MANAGEMENT

     Surgery
    o Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy -> removal of the pituitary gland
    o Incision site: under the upper lip
    o Post op: position client elevates head of bed 30-40 degrees to lower ICP (semi
    fowlers)
    o Monitor the ff
     ↑ ICP = WOF ↓ alterations in LOC
     Bleeding = WOF frequent swallowing
     DI (diabetic insipidus) = WOF ↑ urinary output, excessive thirst
     Hypoglycemia = WOF tremors, diaphoresis, hunger
     Meningitis = WOF fever, nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski’s sign
     Medications
    o GH antagonist
     Octreotide (Sandostatin)
     Route: SQ (abdomen)
     WOF = abdominal pain -> discontinue meds and notify HCP

    THYROID DISORDERS

    Thyroid Gland

     Butterfly-like shaped organ (located in the neck area)


     Vascular organ = contains a lot of blood
     Produces TH (thyroid hormones)
    o T3 (triiodo thymine) -> stimulates metabolism
    o T4 (Thyroxine) -> heat production

    HYPERTHYROIDISM

     Overactive TG
     ↑ production of TH

    CAUSE

     Grave’s Disease (autoimmune disorder) -> hyper stimulates the TG

    SIGNS AND SYPMTOMS

     ↑ T4 = ↑ heat
    o Fever
    o Heat intolerance
     ↑ T3 = ↑ metabolism = ↑ organ function
    o ↑ HR, ↑ BP = monitor VS
     Administer betablockers to control tachycardia and hypertension
     “olol” -> atenolol, propranolol, carvidelol
     Contraindicated for px with COPD/asthma
     Before admin assess hr and bp
    o Insomnia
    o Irritable
    o Agitated
    o Restless/nervousness -> provide non stimulating environment
    o ↑ appetite -> weight loss due to fast metabolism
     High calorie -> ↑ carbs, ↑ protein
    o Diarrhea
     Low fiber, avoid GI irritants -> spicy, alcohol, smoking
    o ↓ Menstruation
     Oligomenorrhea
     Amenorrhea
    o Diaphoresis (moist skin)
    o Exophthalmos or (bulging eyes)
     Difficulty closing eyelids
     Exposed to air
     Increased risk of foreign body entering eyes
     Intervention: eye drops, artificial tears, eyeglasses, avoid cigarette
    smoking
    o Thyromegaly (goiter)
     DOB
     Compress esophagus -> dysphagia -> soft diet

    DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

     ↑ T3, ↑ T4
     ↓ TSH

    MANAGEMENT

     Radioactive iodine therapy


    o Administer one dose of I131 -> destroy the overactive TG
    o Side effect: hypothyroidism -> management = levothyroxine for life to prevent
    development of hyperthyroidism
    o Radiation precaution
     Considered radioactive for 48 hours after therapy
     Isolate patient
     Flush toilet 3 times
     Surgery
    o Thyroidectomy -> removal of the thyroid gland)
    o Side effects = hypothyroidism -> levothyroxine for life
    o Preop = Lugol’s solution -> ↓ vascularity of the TG -> ↓ risk of bleeding and ↓
    risk of thyroid storm
    o Lugol’s solution = taken with juice and straw

    You might also like