B.P.

Poddar Institute of Management and Technology Department of

Computer Science & Engineering

Term Paper Details

Paper Name: Cloud Computing
Code CS701B

Term Paper Title: Term Paper on Cloud Computing

Student Details

Name University Roll No.

Kuntal Roy 11500119045

Debjyoti Das 11500120126

Isha Sarkar 11500120136

Abstract
Cloud Computing has come of age later Amazons introduce the first of its kind of cloud services in2006.
It is particularly suitable to Hong Kong because of the unbelievable amounts of the data that are being
processed here daily in several sectors, and there are signs that subscription to cloud services by the local
companies will soon be on a skyrocket course, despite a slow start in beginning years. As a research
theme, cloud computing now easily tops any schedule of topics in a computer science because of its
far-reaching suggestion in many sector in computing, especially a big data which without cloud
computing is at the great concept. The current creation of a main cloud R&D centre in Hong Kong by
Lenovo (January 2015) attests to this fact.

Cloud computing, the life time dream of computing as a utility, has the capacity to convert a huge part of
the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is
designed and purchased. Developers with new invention ideas for new Internet services no longer require
the huge capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or the human expense to operate it. They need
not be worried about overprovisioning for a service whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus
wasting costly resources, or under provisioning for one that becomes wildly popular, thus missing
potential customers and revenue. In addition to, companies with huge batch-oriented tasks can get results
as fastest as their programs can scale, since using 1,000 servers for one hour costs no more than using one
server for 1,000 hours. Without paying a premium for large scale, is unprecedented in the history of IT, by
this elasticity of resources.

Introduction
Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider in the 1960s developed Cloud Computing with his work on ARPSNET to
interact with people and data from in any place at any time. In 1983, CompuServe
presented its users as a little amount of disk space that could be used to accumulate any files they choose
to upload. Simply put, Cloud working out is the distribution of Computing services-including servers,
database, networking, storage, software, analytics and intelligence-over the Internet (“the Cloud“) to offer
faster revolution, flexible resources, and economies of scale. Cloud working out is the delivery of
computing services such as servers, storage, database, networking, software, analytics, intelligence, and
more, over the Cloud (Internet). Cloud Computing gives a different to the on-premises datacentre.
Mobility.

One of the other largest outward uses of cloud calculating is the mobility that it brings, Both to the
pleasurable user, as well as to the commercial and business user. Many of us are already conversant with
some Cloud Computing services, like Google Docs, or even email services. The utmost popular
Cloud Computing products include AWS Elastic Compute, Google Cloud Engine and AWS Lambda.
The most famous cloud computing services are including Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud
platform and Microsoft Azure. Cloud Computing is flexible. Cloud-based services are model for
businesses with increasing or changeable bandwidth demands. If your requirements increase, it’s easy
to ruler up your cloud capacity, drawing on the service’s remote servers. Accessibility; Cloud computing
smooth’s the entrance of implementation and data from any location worldwide and from any
device with an internet connection. Cost savings; Cloud computing proposals businesses with
accessible computing resources hence saving them on the cost of obtaining and maintaining them.
Examples of Cloud Computing Dropbox, Facebook, Gmail. Cloud can be used for storage of files.
Banking, Financial Services.

Consumers accumulation financial information to cloud computing serviced providers. Health care.
Education. Government. Big data Analytics. Communication. Business Process. Variety of Cloud
Computing There are three important types of cloud environment, also known as cloud distribution
models. Businesses can select to run applications on communal, personal or mixture clouds —
depending on their definite requirements.

Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the
hardware and systems software in the data centres that gives those services. The services themselves
have huge been referred to as Software as a Service (SaaS).a Some vendors use terms such as IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service) and PaaS (Platform as a Service) to reate their products, but we eschew
these because accepted definitions for them still vary broadly. The line between "low-level"
infrastructure and a higher-level "platform" is not crisp. We believe the two are more alike than
different, and we examine them together. Likewise it is, the related term "grid computing," from
the high-performance computing community, suggests protocols to offer shared computation and
storage over long distances, but those protocols did not lead to a software environment that grew
beyond its community.

We see three specifically compelling use cases that favour utility computing over conventional hosting.
A opening case is when demand for a service varies with time. For example, provisioning a data
centre for the peak load it must sustain a few days per month leads to underutilization at other
times. rather, cloud computing lets an company pay by the hour for computing resources, potentially
leading to cost savings even if the hourly rate to rent a machine from a cloud giver is larger than the rate
to own one. A second case is when demand is unknown in advance. For example, a Web start up
will need to support a spike in demand when it becomes famous, followed potentially by a reduction
once some visitors turn away. Finally, company that perform batch analytics can use the "cost
associativity" of cloud computing to finished computations faster: using 1,000 EC2 machines for one
hour costs the same as using one machine for 1,000 hours.

While the economic appeal of cloud computing is often related as "converting capital expenses to
operating expenses" (CapEx to OpEx), we believe the phrase "pay as you go" more directly captures
the economic benefit to the buyer. Hours purchased via cloud computing can be distributed
non-uniformly in time (for example, use 100 server-hours today and no server-hours tomorrow, and still
pay only for 100); in the networking community, this way of selling bandwidth is since known as
usage-based pricing’s In extension, the absenteeism of up-front capital expense allows capital to be
redirected to core business investment.

Therefore, even if Amazon's pay-as-you-go pricing was more expensive than buying and
depreciating a comparable server over the same period, we argue that the cost is outweighed by the
extremely main cloud computing economic advantage of elasticity and transference of risk,
especially the risks of overprovisioning (underutilization) and under provisioning (saturation).
We start with elasticity. The key examination is that cloud computing's ability to add or remove
resources at a fine grain (one server at a time with EC2) and with a lead time of minutes rather
than weeks allows matching resources to workload much more closely. Real world estimates of average
server used in data centres range from 5% to 20%.15,17 This may sound shockingly low, but it is
consistent with the observation that for many services the peak workload beat the average by factors
of 2 to 10. Since few users intentionally provision for less than the expected peak, resources are idle
at nonpeak times. The large pronounced the variation, the large the waste.

For a simplified example, assume that users of a hypothetical site fall into two classes: active users
(those who use the site regularly) and defectors (those who abandon the site or are turned away from the
site due to poor performance). Additionally, suppose that 10% of active users who receive poor
service due to under provisioning are "permanently lost" opportunities (become defectors), that is, users
who would have remained regular visitors with a better experience. The site is initially provisioned
to handle an expected peak of 400,000 users (1,000 users per server × 400 servers), but
unexpected positive press drives 500,000 users in the first hour. Of the 100,000 who are turned away
or receive inferior service, by our assumption 10,000 of them are everlasting lost, leaving an active
user base of 390,000. The next hour sees 250,000 new distinctive users.

From a hardware provisioning and pricing point of view, three aspects are new in cloud
computing which are as follows:
• The arrival of unlimited computing resources available on demand, fatly enough to follow load
surges, thereby eliminating the need for cloud computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning.

• The destruction of an up-front commitment by cloud users, thereby allowing companies to start little
and rise hardware resources only when there is an rise in their needs’

• The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (for example,
processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as needed, thereby rewarding
conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no long time useful

For those deploying software out in the cloud, adaptability is a crucial issue—the need to marshal
resources in such a way that a program continues running smoothly even as the number of users
grows. It is not just that servers must respond to hundreds or thousands of requests per second; the system
must also coordinate information coming from number of sources, not all of which are under the
control of the same organization. The pattern of communication is many-to-many, with each server
talking to number of clients and each client invoking programs on number of servers.

The another end of the cloud-computing transaction—the browser-based user interface—presents

challenges of another kind. The intimate window-and-menu layer of modern operating systems has
been fine-tuned over decades to meet user wants and belief. Duplicating this functionality inside a
Web browser is a considerable feat. Besides, it has to be done in a similarly impoverished expansion
of environment. A programmer creating a desktop application for Windows or one of the Unix variants
can choose from a broad array of programming languages, code libraries, and application
frameworks; major parts of the user interface can be gathered from pre-built components. The
equivalent scaffolding for the Web computing platform is much extra primitive.

A major problem of moving applications to the cloud is the need to master number of languages and
operating environments. In number of cloud applications a back-end process relies on a relational
database, so part of the code is written in SQL or other query language. On the client side,
program logic is likely to be execute in JavaScript embedded within HTML documents. Standing
between the database and the client is a server application that might be written in a scripting
language (such as PHP, Java, and Python). Information exchanged between the several layers is
likely to be encoded in some variation of XML.

Al though the new model of remote computing seems to reverse the 1980s "liberation" movement
that give individual users custody over programs and data, the shift does not necessarily restore
control to managers in the corporate IT department.

To the expand that cloud computing succeeds, it constitute an obvious competitive challenge to
vendors of shrink-wrap software. Ironically, the open-source motion could also have a tough time
modifying to the new computing model. It's one thing to create and distribute an open-source word
processor competing with Microsoft Word; not so obvious is how a consortium of volunteers would
generate a Web service to compete with Google Docs.

Public Cloud
A public cloud environment is maintained by an outsourced cloud provider and is reachable to many
businesses through the internet on a pay-per-use model. This distribution model provides services and
organization to businesses who want to save money on IT operational costs, but it’s the cloud
provider who is responsible for the invention and safeguarding of the resources. Public clouds are
model aimed at minor with average magnitude businesses with a constricted budget requiring a quick
and easy platform in which to deploy IT resources. Merits of a public cloud Easy scalability No
geographical restrictions Cost effective Highly reliable Easy to manage Demerits of a public is Not
examine the safest option for sensitive data.
Private Cloud

This cloud distribution model is a modified infrastructure maintained by a single business. It offers a
precise environment in which contact to IT resources is additionally centralized within the business.
The present exemplary perhaps visibly introduced either obtainable handled internal. Even though
secluded cloud introducing obtainable valuable, as largest productions it could be action a developed
equal of safety and extra self-sufficiency to modify the storing, interacting and calculate
mechanisms toward ensemble their IT necessities.

Merits of an isolated cloud

Better-quality level of safety Superior switch ended the slave Customizable benefit of an individual
cloud firm to approach details out of isolated position Requires IT expertise Hybrid Cloud For
businesses in search of the good of both secluded and communal cloud distribution copies, a mixture
cloud atmosphere is a moral decision. By merging the two representations, a mixture cloud
prototypical provides a more tailor-made IT solution that meets explicit business requirements.

Merits of a mixture cloud

Highly changeable and accessible Cost effective Enhanced security Scams of a mixture cloud
Communication in network level may be disagreed as it’s used in equally personally and publicly
clouds.

Cloud Services

Following are three foremost service models of cloud computing — Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) Platform as a Provision (PaaS) Program as a Provision There are pure changes among the three
and what they can suggestion a occupational in rapports of storing and basis combining, then they
can too cooperate through individually additional method of wide-ranging prototypical of cloud
computing.

IaaS (Infrastructure as Service)

This is the most communal service method of cloud adding as it offers the fundamental
infrastructure of virtual servers, network, operating systems and data storage drives. It consents for
the flexibility, reliability and the scalability that many businesses pursue with the cloud, and
remove the need for hardware in the office. This makes it model for minor and average sized
structuring observing for a charge virtual IT explanation to provision occupational development.
IaaS is a entirely subcontracted recompense-for-custom facility and is obtainable as a communal,
isolated or mixture organization. This is where a cloud computing breadwinner array the
infrastructure and the program substructure, but productions can grow and route their own appeal.
Web use can be shaped rapidly and simply via PaaS, and the Organization Engineer, Cloud
Designer, Cloud Initiative Designer, and Cloud Software Plans, are in huge mandate rendering to a
account.

Conclusion

Cloud computing marks the commencement of a new stage in the arena of data and communication
technology as it carries with an development paradigm which has the possible to change the way in
which computing was done. Users are still getting aware through this expertise and a change from
conformist subtracting to cloud computing will ensue but progressively. Owed to this technology,
developers with novel ideas about internet services will no longer need to spend large amounts of
currency in structure their programs and tools substructure abilities.

References
1. https://www.bing.com/search?q=link+for+
2. https://www.ijsr.net INTERNET SOURCES
3. www.leadingedgetech.co.uk/it-services/it…
4. www.sam-solutions.com/blog/four-best-cloud…
5. myventurepad.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-hybrid
6. community.spiceworks.com/cloud/articles/2504
7. www.tutorialspoint.com/cIoud_computing/cloud…
8. www.coursehero.com/file/pvI9c3b/This-model-can…
9. www.branex.com/blog/cloud-service-models-saas-vs…
 Cloud Computing Questions and Answers
1. Which of the following is an example of a SaaS cloud service?
a) Google Workspace
b) Dropbox
c) Salesforce
d) All of the above

Answer: d
Explanation: SaaS stands for Software-as-a-Service. In SaaS, the provider hosts the application and
is made available to the users. Google Workspace, Dropbox, Salesforce are examples of an IaaS
service.

2. Which of the following is the Cloud Platform provided by Amazon?

a) AWS
b) Cloudera
c) Azure
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a

Explanation: Amazon Web Services (AWS), an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering that
allows users to rent virtual machines on Amazon’s own infrastructure, is one of the most successful
cloud-based enterprises.

3. Point out the wrong statement.

a) With a pay-as-you-go, endlessly expandable, and universally available system, cloud computing
realises the long-held goal of utility computing

b) The widespread use of the Internet enables the huge size of cloud computing systems

c) Soft computing represents a significant change in the way computers are delivered

d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Cloud computing is differentiated by the idea that resources are virtual and infinite,
and that the user is shielded from the specifics of the actual infrastructure on which software
operates.

4. Which of the following model consists of the service that you can access on a cloud computing
platform?

a) Deployment

b) Service

c) Application

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

Explanation: The sort of service that the service provider provides is described by the service
model. Three types of service provided are:

1) Platform-as-a-Service

2) Software-as-a-Service

3) Infrastructure-as-a-Service

5. How many phases are there in Cloud Computing Planning?

a) 1

b) 5

c) 3

d) 6
Answer: c

Explanation: Strategy Phase, Planning Phase, and Deployment Phase are the three phases of Cloud
Planning.

6. Which of the following is the Virtual machine conversion cloud?

a) Amazon CloudWatch
b) AbiCloud
c) BMC Cloud Computing Initiative
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: BMC Cloud Computing Initiative is used for Cloud planning, lifecycle management,
optimization, and guidance.

7. Security methods such as private encryption, VLANs and firewalls comes under __________
subject area.
a) Accounting Management
b) Compliance
c) Data Privacy
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c

Explanation: To ensure data privacy in the cloud, additional security methods such as private
encryption, VLANs, firewalls, and local storage of sensitive data are necessary.

8. The reputation for cloud computing services for the quality of those services is shared by
_________
a) replicas
b) shards
c) tenants
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Clouds often have higher reliability than private systems.

9. Cloud ________ are standardized in order to appeal to the majority of its audience.
a) SVAs
b) SLAs
c) SALs
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Custom SLAs that allow for multiple data sources are difficult to obtain or enforce.

10. The most commonly used set of protocols uses ______ as the messaging format.
a) XML
b) JSON
c) BSON
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Cloud computing builds on the architecture developed for staging large distributed
network applications on the Internet.