MATHEMATICS

(UNIT-V)
Contents
S. NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

6. Application of Derivatives 6.1 – 6.63

Chapter Assignment 6.30 – 6.35
Previous Year Questions,
Competitive Examinations Questions 6.36 – 6.53
Chapter Test 6.54 – 6.57
Answers and Hints 6.58 – 6.63

7. Indefinite Integral 7.1 – 7.57

Chapter Assignment 7.37 – 7.42
Previous Year Questions,
Competitive Examinations Questions 7.43 – 7.47
Chapter Test 7.48 – 7.50
Answers and Hints 7.51 – 7.57

8. Definite Integral 8.1 – 8.62

Chapter Assignment 8.34 – 8.39
Previous Year Questions,
Competitive Examinations Questions 8.40 – 8.54
Chapter Test 8.55– 8.57
Answers and Hints 8.58 – 8.62

9. Areas 9.1 – 9.38

Chapter Assignment 9.17 – 9.21
Previous Year Questions,
Competitive Examinations Questions 9.22 – 9.28
Chapter Test 9.29 – 9.32
Answers and Hints 9.33 – 9.38

2021
 6
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
6.1. DERIVATIVE AS A RATE MEASURE
The meaning of differential coefficient can be interpreted as rate of change of the dependent
dy
variable with respect to the independent variable, for example is the rate of change of y with
dx
dv ds
respect to x. Similarly and etc. represent the rate of change of volume and surface area
dt dt
w.r.t. time.
Sample Problem-1:
1 3
Displacement ‘s’ of a particle at time ‘t’ is expressed as s = t 6t , find the acceleration at the
2
time when the velocity vanishes (i.e., velocity tends to zero).
1
Solution: s = t 3 6t
2
ds 3t 2
Thus velocity, v 6
dt 2
d 2s db
and acceleration, a 3t
dt 2 dt
3t 2
Velocity vanishes when 6 0
2
t2 = 4 t=2
Thus acceleration when velocity vanishes is a = 3t = 6 units.
Sample Problem-2:
On the curve x3 = 12y, find the interval of values of x for which the abscissa changes at a faster rate
than the ordinate?
Solution: Given x3 = 12y, differentiating with respect to y
dx
3x2 12
dy
dx 12
dy 3x 2
The interval in which the abscissa changes at a faster rate than the ordinate, we must have
dx 12
or 1
dy 3x 2
4 4 x2
or 1 0
x2 x2
x (–2, 2) – {0}
Thus x (–2, 2) – {0} is the required interval in which abscissa changes at a faster rate than
the ordinate.

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- 6.1-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.1:

1. A point is moving along the curve y3 = 27 x. The interval of values of x in which the ordinate
changes faster than abscissa is
8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10
(a) x , – {0} (b) x , (c) x , (d) x ,
27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

2. An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 3 cm per second. How fast is the volume of
the cube increasing when the edge is 10 cm long ?
(a) 800cm3/sec (b) 900cm3/sec (c) 100cm3/sec (d) 700cm3/sec

3. A particle moves along the curve 6y = x3 + 2. The points on the curve at which the y-coordinate is
changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.
(a) (4, 10) or (–4, –31/2) (b) (3, 11) or (–3, –31/3)
(c) (4, 11) or (–4, –31/3) (d) (5, 11) or (–5, –31/3)

4. At what point of the ellipse 16x2 + 9y2 = 400, does the ordinate decrease at the same rate at which
the abscissa increases ?
(a) (2, 16/3) or (–2, –16/3) (b) (1, 16/3) or (–1, –16/3)
(c) (5, 16/3) or (–5, –16/3) (d) (3, 16/3) or (–3, –16/3)

5. The top of a ladder 13m long is resting against a vertical wall when a ladder begins to slide. When
the foot of the ladder is 5m from the wall, it is sliding at the rate of 2m/s. How fast then is the top
sliding downwards ?
5 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 3 3

6. An inverted cone has a depth of 10 cm and a base of radius 5 cm. Water is poured into it at the rate
of 1.5 cm3 /min. The rate at which level of water in the cone is rising, when the depth of water is 4
cm.
3 1 1 2
(a) cm/sec (b) cm/sec (c) cm/sec (d) cm/sec
8 2 3 3
7. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel, at the uniform rate of 2 cm3/sec through a tiny hole at
the vertex at the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 4 cm, The rate of decrease of the
slant height of the water given that the vertical angle of the funnel is 120°
1 1 1 1
(a) m/ sec (b) m/ sec (c) m/ sec (d) m/ sec
2 3 4 5

8. Sand is being poured at the rate of 0.3 m3/sec into a conical pile. If the height of the conical pile is
thrice the radius of the base, The rate of change of height when the pile is 5 cm high.
81 27 81 81
(a) m/ sec (b) m/ sec (c) m/ sec (d) m/ sec
250 250 25 50

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

9. A man 2 mt high walks at a uniform speed of 6 km/hour away from a lamp-post 6 mt high. The rate
at which the length of his shadow increases.
(a) 3 km/sec (b) 2 km/sec (c) 4 km/sec (d) 5 km/sec

10. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm per
second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base.
(a) 3 b cm2/sec (b) 3 b cm2/sec (c) 2 b cm2/sec (d) b cm2 /sec

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.1:

dy dy 9
1. (a): 3 y 2 27 1
dx dx y2
dv dx
2. (b): v = x2 3x 2
dt dt
dy x2
3. (c): 8
dx 2
dy dx
4. (d): Given
dt dt

5. (a): x2 + y2 = 132
xdx ydy
0
dt dt y 13
dy x dx
dt 13 x
2 2 dt
x

r 5 1 5
6. (a):
h 10 2
h
r= r
2
10 cm
1 2
v= r h h
3
1 3
v= h
12
1 2
7. (b): V = r h
3
1 2
8. (b): V = r h
3
x y 6
9. (a): 3
y 2
6
x + y = 3y 2
x =2 y x y

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

x x b 2x b
10. (b): s = x
2 2 x

= s(s x )( s x )( s b )
b

6.2. ANGLE OF INTERSECTION OF TWO CURVES

Let y = f(x) and y = g(x) be two given intersecting curves. Angle of intersection of these curves is
defined as the acute angle between the tangents that can be drawn to the given curves at the point
of intersection.
Let (x1, y1) be the point of intersection.
y1 = f (x1) = g(x1)
df
Slope of the tangent drawn to the curve y = f(x) at (x1, y1) i.e., m1 =
dx ( x1 , y1 )

dg
Similarly slope of the tangent drawn to the curve y = g(x) at (x1, y1) i.e., m2 =
dx ( x1 , y1 )

m1 m2
If be the angle (acute) of intersection, then tan .
1 m1m2

If = 0, then m1 = m2. Thus the given curves will touch each other at (x1, y1). If , then
2
m1 m2 = –1. Thus the given curves will meet at right angles at (x1, y1) (or curves cut each other
orthogonally at (x1 , y1)).

Sample Problem-3:
Find the acute angle between the curves y = |x2 – 1| and y = |x2 – 3| at their points of intersection.

Solution: The points of intersection are ( 2,1)

2
y =|x -1| y =|x -3|
2

Since the curves are symmetrical about y-axis,

the angle of intersection at ( 2,1)
= the angle of intersection at ( 2,1) . (– 3 , 0 ) (-1, 0) (1, 0)
( 3 , 0)
At ( 2 , 1), m1 =2x = 2 2 , m2 = –2x = –2 2 .
4 2 4 2 1 4 2
tan tan
1 8 7 7

6.3. EQUATIONS OF TANGENT AND NORMAL

Cartesian Equations: The angle which the tangent at any point (x, y) on the curve y = f(x)
makes with x-axis, is given by
dy
tan f ( x) .
dx
Thus, the equation of the tangent at the point (x, y) on the curve y = f(x) is
Y – y = f (x) (X – x)
Where (X, Y) is an arbitrary point on the tangent.

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- 6.4-
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

The equation of the normal at (x, y) to the curve y = f (x) is

Y – y = –[1/f (x)] (X – x) (X – x) + f (x) (Y – y) = 0, f (x) 0.

Sample Problem-4:
Find the equation of normal to the curve x + y = xy, where it cuts the x-axis.
Solution: Given curve is x + y = xy
at x-axis y = 0,
x + 0 = x° x=1
Now to differentiate x + y = xy, take log on both sides
ln(x + y) = y ln x
1 dy 1 dy
1 y (ln x)
x y dx x dx

Putting x = 1, y = 0, we get
dy
1 0
dx
dy
1
dx (1, 0)

slope of normal = 1
Equation of normal is,
y 0
1 y = x – 1.
x 1

Sample Problem-5:
For the curve xy = c2, prove that the portion of the tangent intercepted between the coordinate axes
is bisected at the point of contact.
Solution: Let the point at which tangent is drawn be ( ) on the curve xy = c2.
dy
dx ( , )

Thus, the equation of tangent is,

y (x )

y =–x +
x +y =2
x y
1
2 2
It is clear that the tangent line cuts x and y-axis at A(2 , 0) and B(0, 2 ) and the point ( ) bisects
AB.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

Sample Problem-6:

If the tangent at the point P (at2, at3) on the curve ay2 = x3 intersects the curve again at
the point Q, find the point Q.

Solution: ay2 = x3 2 ay dy/dx = 3x2

Slope of tangent at P is (3x 2 2ay) P 3a2t 4 2a2 t 3 3t 2
at13 at 3 t12 tt1 t 2
Let Q be (at12, at13). Slope of line PQ = which must be the slope of
at12 at 2 t1 t
tangent at P. Hence,
t12 tt1 t 2 3t
=
t1 t 2

2t12 – tt1 – t2 = 0

(t1–t)(2t1+t) = 0
t
t1=
2
at 2 at 3
Thus Q has coordinates ,
4 8

Sample Problem-7:
1 1 1 1
Show that the curves ax2 + by2 = 1 and cx2 + dy2 = 1 cut orthogonally if – –
a b c d

Solution: Let the two curves cut each other at the point (x1, y1); then,

ax12 + by12 = 1 ...(i)

& cx12 + dy12 = 1 ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

(a – c) x12 + (b – d) y12 = 0 ...(iii)
Slope of the tangent to the curve ax2 + by2 = 1 at (x1, y1) is given by

dy ax1
=–
dx ( x1 , y1 ) by1

Slope of the tangent to the curve cx2 + dy2 = 1 at (x1, y1) is given by

dy cx1
=–
dx ( x1 , y1 ) dy1

ax1 cx1
If the two curves cut orthogonally, we must have – – = –1
by1 dy1

acx12 + bdy12 = 0 ...(iv)

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

From (iii) and (iv), we have

a –c b–d 1 1 1 1
– –
ac bd a b c d

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.2:
1. The angle of intersection of the curves y = 4 – x2 and y = x2 is
1 4 2 1 2 1 8 2 1 3 2
(a) tan (b) tan (c) tan (d) tan
7 7 7 7

x2 y2
2. The angle of intersection of the curves 1 and x2 + y2 = ab, where b > a > 0 is
a2 b2
1 b a 1 ab 1 b a 1 b a
(a) tan (b) tan (c) tan (d) tan
ab b a ab ab3

3. The angle of intersection of the curves y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4by, where a > 0 and b > 0, at origin is
(a) /2 (b) /3 (c) /4 (d) /12
4. The angle of intersection of curves y = 2 sin2 x and y = cos 2 x at /3 is.
(a) /6 (b) /3 (c) /2 (d) /4

x2 y2
5. If the curves 1 and y3 = 16x intersect at right angle, then a2 =
a2 b2
(a) 4/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 5/4 (d) 5/2

6. If the curve y = ax2 + bx + c is to pass through the point (1, 2) and is to be tangent to the line y = x
at the origin.Then, the value of a + b + c is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1

x2 y2
7. If the straight line, x cos + y sin = p will be a tangent to the curve 1 , then p2 = .
a2 b2
(a) a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 (b) a2 sin + b2 cos
(c) a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 (d) a2 cos + b2 sin
x y
8. If the line c touches the curve y = b e–x/a at the point where it crosses the y-axis.Then, the
a b
value of c is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

9. The equation of the normal to the curve x3 + y3 = 8xy at the point other than origin where it meets
the curve y2 = 4x is.
(a) y = 2x (b) y = 3x (c) y = x (d) y = 4x

10. The equation of the normal to the curve y = (1 + x)y + sin–1 (sin2 x) at x = 0 is.
(a) x + y–1 = 0 (b) x + y + 1 = 0 (c) x + y – 2 = 0 (d) x + y –2 = 0

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.2:

dy dy
1. (a): 4 – x2 = x2 x = 2. 2x & 2x
dx 1 dx 2

2 2 2 2
tan =
1 8

x2 ab x 2 1 1 a a 2b
2. (b): 1 x2 1 x=
a2 b2 a2 b2 b a b

x2
3. (a): 4ax x3 = 64 ab or x = 0
4b

dy
4. (b): 4sin x cos x = 4sin cos 3
dx 1 3 3

dy 2
2sin 2 x 2sin 3
dx 2 3

dy dy
5. (a): 1
dx 1 dx 2

6. (a): (0, 0) lies on y = ax2 + bx + c, then c = 0

(1, 2) lies on y = ax2 + bx, then a + b = 2
2
p
7. (b): Using the condition c2 = a2m2 + b2 gives a 2 cot 2 b 2 sin 2
sin

p2 = a2cos2 + b2sin2

8. (a): Put x = 0 in y = be–x/a, gives y = b

dy b x/ a dy b
Now e
dx a dx a
b
Tangent is y – b = (x – 0)
a
y2
9. (c): Put x = in x3 + y3 = 8xy.
4
dy dy 2sin x cos x
10. (a): For x = 0, y = 1, (1 x) ( y log(1 x))
dx dx 1 sin 4 x

= 1 at x = 0, y = 1.

6.4. LENGTHS OF THE TANGENT, NORMAL, SUB-TANGENT AND SUB-NORMAL AT

ANY POINT OF A CURVE
Let the tangent and the normal at any point (x, y) of the curve y = f(x) meet the x-axis at T and G
respectively. Draw the ordinate PM.

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- 6.8-
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

Then the lengths TM, MG are called the sub-tangent and sub-normal respectively.
The lengths PT, PG are sometimes referred to as the lengths of the tangent and the normal
respectively.
Clearly MPG =
dy
Also tan
dx
y = f(x)
From the figure, we have
(i) Length of Tangent
= TP = MP |cosec | = | y | (1 cot 2 )
2
dx
= | y| 1
dy
dx
(ii) Length of Sub-tangent = TM = MP | cot | | y |
dy
(iii) Length of Normal = GP = MP |sec | = | y | (1 tan 2 )

dy
2

| y| 1
dx
dy
(iv) Length of Sub-normal = MG = MP| tan | | y |
dx

Sample Problem-8:
Find the equation of family of curves for which the length of normal is equal to the radius vector.
Solution: Let P(x, y) be the point on the curve.
OP = radius vector = x2 y2 Y Tangent
P(x, y)
PN = length of normal
1 y
Now, tan
dy
dx
N O X
y
PN
sin

It is given OP = PN

dy
2

x2 y2 y 1
dx

dy
2
dy dy x
2 2

x 2
y 2
y 1 2
x2 = y2 =±
dx dx dx y

ydy = ± x dx
integrating both sides, y2 = ± x2 + c is the required family of curves.

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- 6.9-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.3:

1. For, the curve y = c ex/a, the subtangent is

(a) Constant (b) depends on x (c) depends on y (d) none of these

2. The length of normal at t, to the curve x = a sin3 t, y = a cos3t is.

(a) |y cos t| (b) |y cosec t| (c) |y cot t| (d) |y tan t|

3. For, the curve y = c , the subtangent is

(a) Constant (b) 0 (c) not defined (d) none of these

4. For, the curve y = c, the subnormal is

(a) Constant (b) 0 (c) not defined (d) none of these

5. For, the curve y = c, the length of normal is

(a) Constant (b) 0 (c) not defined (d) none of these

6. For, the curve y = c, the length of tangent is

(a) Constant (b) 0 (c) not defined (d) none of these

n n 1
7. For the curve y a x the subnormal at any point is constant. The value of n must be:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2

8. If the normal to the curve x = a (cos + sin ), y = a (sin – cos ) is at distance p from the
origin, then p=

(a) 1 (b) 2|a| (c) |a| (d) none of these

9. The subtangent, ordinate and subnormal to the parabola y 2 4ax at a point other than origin are
in

(a) A.P. (b) H.P. (c) G.P. (d) none of these

a a a 2
y 2
10. The portion of the tangent to the curve x = a2 y2 log between the point of
2 a a 2
y2

contact and the x-axis is of length.

(a) a (b) 2a (c) 3a (d) 4a

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.3:

dy c x/a y
1. (a): e
dx a a
dx a
Subtangent = y y a
dy y

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

dx dy
2. (b): 3a sin 2 t cos t , 3a cos 2 t sin t
dt dt
dy
then cot t
dx

dy
2
Length of normal = y 1 = |y cosec t|
dx

dy ydx
3. (c): 0, subtangent =
dx dy
dy ydy
4. (b): 0, subnormal =
dx dx

dy
2
dy
5. (b): 0 , length of normal = y 1
dx dx
2
dy dx
6. (c): 0 , length of tangent = y 1
dx dy
n 1
dy dy a 1
7. (d): ny n 1
an 1
dx dx y n
ydy na n 1
Subnormal = then n = 2
dx yn 2
dx
8. (b): = a(– sin + sin + cos ) = a cos
d
dy
= a (cos – cos + sin ) = a sin
d
dy
then = tan
dx
dy dy 2a
9. (c): 2 y 4a
dx dx y

dx
10. (a): Put y = a sin , then find
d

6.5. ROLLE’S THEOREM (RT)

It is one of the most fundamental theorem of differential calculus and has far reaching
consequences.
It states that if y = f(x) be a given function and satisfies,
f(x) is continuous in [a, b]
f(x) is differentiable in (a, b)
f(a) = f(b)
Then f (x) = 0 at least once for some x (a, b).

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- 6.11 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

6.5.1. Geometrical Interpretation

Y
If the graph of y = f (x) has the ordinates at two point
C
A, B equal, and if the graph be continuous
throughout the interval from A to B and if the curve B
A
has a tangent at every point on it from A to B except
possibly at the two extreme points A and B, then X
O x=a x=c x=b
there exists a point between A and B where the
tangent is parallel to the x-axis.

Sample Problem-9:
Let f(x) = x2 – 3x + 4. Verify Rolle’s theorem in [1, 2].

Solution: f(1) = f(2) = 2

Now, f (x) = 0 2x – 3 = 0
3
x (1, 2).
2
Hence, Rolle’s theorem is verified.

Sample Problem-10:
Let f(x) = (x – a) (x – b)(x – c), a < b < c, show that f (x) = 0 has two roots one belonging to
(a, b) and other belonging to (b, c).

Solution : Here, f(x) being a polynomial is continuous and differentiable for all real values of x. We also
have f(a) = f(b) = f(c). If we apply Rolle’s theorem to f(x) in [a, b] and [b, c] we would observe
that f (x)= 0 would have at least one root in (a, b) and at least one root in (b, c). But f (x) is a
polynomial of degree two, hence f (x)= 0 can not have more than two roots. It implies that
exactly one root of f (x)= 0 would lie in (a, b) and exactly one root of f (x) = 0 would lie in (b,
c).
Remarks:
Let y = f(x) be a polynomial function of degree n. If f(x) = 0 has real roots only, then f (x)= 0, f (x)
= 0, ... , f n–1(x) = 0 would have only real roots. It is so because if f(x) = 0 has all real roots, then
between two consecutive roots of f(x) = 0, exactly one roots of f (x) = 0 would lie.

Sample Problem-11:
a0 a1 a
Prove that if a0, a1, a2, ..., an are real numbers such that ... n 1 an 0
n 1 n 2
then there exists at least one real number x between 0 and 1 such that
a0xn + a1xn–1 + a2 xn–2 + ... + an = 0,

Solution : Consider a function f defined as

a0 n 1 a1 n a
f(x) = x x ... n 1 x 2 a n x , x [0,1]
n 1 n 2
f being a polynomial satisfies the following conditions.

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- 6.12 -
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

(i) f is continuous in [0, 1]

(ii) f is derivable in (0, 1)
(iii) Since f(0) = 0 and f(1) = 0 by hypothesis,
f(0) = f(1)
Hence there is some x (0, 1) such that f (x) = 0
a0 a1 n 1 a
( n 1) x n nx ... n 1 .2 x an 0
n 1 n 2
a0 xn + a1xn–1 + ..... + an –1 x + an = 0

6.6. LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE THEOREM (LMVT)

If a function f is
(i) continuous in a closed interval [a, b] and
(ii) derivable in the open interval (a, b), then there exists at least one value c (a, b) such that
f (b ) f ( a )
f (c ) .
b a
6.6.1. Geometrical Interpretation:
f (b ) f (a )
Let P be a point [c, f (c)] on the curve y = f(x) such that f (c )
b a
f (b) f ( a )
The slope of the chord AB is and that of the tangent at P(c, f(c)) is f (c). These being
b a
equal, it follows that there exists a point P on the curve, the tangent which is parallel to the chord
AB.
2
1

Sample Problem-12:
If f(x) and g(x) be differentiable functions in (a, b), continuous at a and b and g(x) 0 in [a, b],
g (a ) f (b) f (a ) g (b ) (b a) g (a ) g (b )
then prove that for atleast one c (a, b).
g (c) f (c) f (c) g (c ) g (c )
2

Solution: We have to prove (after rearranging the terms)

f (b) f ( a )
g (b) g (a ) g (c) f (c) f (c ) g (c)
(b a ) ( g (c )) 2
f ( x)
Let F(x) =
g ( x)
As f(x) and g(x) are differentiable function in (a, b), F(x) will also be differentiable in (a, b).
Further F is continuous at a and b. So according to LMVT, there exist one c (a, b) such that
F (b ) F ( a )
F (c ) , which proves the required result.
b a

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

Sample Problem-13:
If the function f : [0, 4] R is differentiable, then show that, (f (4))2 – (f(0))2 = 8 f (a) f (b) for
some a, b (0, 4)
Solution: Since, f is differentiable f is continuous also.
Thus by Lagrange’s mean value theorem, a (0, 4) such that
f (4) f (0) f (4) f (0)
f ( a) ... (1)
4 0 4
Also, by Intermediate value theorem there exists b (0, 4) such that
f (4) f (0)
f(b) = ... (2)
2
( f (4)) 2 ( f (0)) 2
f (a ) f (b )
8
(f(4)) – (f(0)) = 8f (a) f (b) for some a, b (0, 4).
2 2

Sample Problem-14:
If f(x) is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b) then prove that there exists atleast one
f (c ) f (b) f (a )
c (a, b) such that .
3c 2 b3 a 3
Solution: We have to prove
(b3 – a3) f (c) – (f(b) – f(a)) (3c2) = 0
Let us assume a function
F(x) = (b3 – a3) f(x) – (f(b) – f(a)) x3
which will be continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b) as f(x) and x3 both are continuous.
Also F(a) = b3f(a) – a3 f(b) = F(b)
So, according to Rolle’s theorem, there exists atleast one c (a, b) such that, F (c) = 0, which
proves the required result.

Sample Problem-15:
Find a point on f (x) = (x – 3)2, where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining (3, 0) and (4, 1).

Solution: f (x) = (x – 3)2; f (x) = 2(x – 3)

f (x) is continuous in [3, 4] and f (x) exists in (3, 4), as they are polynomials.
By Lagrange’s mean value theorem, there exists c ]3, 4[ such that
f (4) f (3)
= f (c)
4 3
1 0
= 2(c – 3)
4 3
7
c=
2
7 1
Hence the required point is ,
2 4

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.4:

1. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then, the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one real root in

(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 2) (c) (–1, 2) (d) (–1, 0)

2. The equation 4x3 – 9x2 + 6x – 3 = 0 has a real root lying between

(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 2) (c) (–1, 2) (d) (–1, 0)

3. The number of real root of x4 + 3x + 1 = 0 between x = – 2 and x = – 1,is.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4

sin b sin a
4. If there exists c, a < c < b , then =
cos b cos a
(a) –cot c (b) –tan c (c) sec c (d) cosec c

5. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(1) = –2 and f (x) 2 for all x [1, 6]. Then the least value of
f(6) is
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
1 1
6. Let f(x) = x sin for x 0 and f(0) = 0. Then, in the interval 0, , the number of values of x,
x
where f vanishes is.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite

7. Let f(x) = (x – 3) (x – 4) (x – 5) (x – 6) then that f (x) = 0 has exactly number of real roots in (3, 6),
is.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

8. Let ( ) be two real roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then, between and the real
number must lies is.
b b b b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a 2a a a

9. If an interval (a, b) contains k roots of a real polynomial p(x) and p (x) has at least n real roots in
(a, b), then n =.
(a) k (b) k – 1 (c) k + 1 (d) k + 2

10. Suppose that the function f and g are continuous in a neighbourhood N of a point c and are
differentiable in the deleted neighbourhood. N – {c} of c . Assume further that f(c) = 0 = g(c) but
f ( x) f ( x)
that g does not vanish in N – {c} and Lim L .Then, value of lim is.
x c g ( x) x c g ( x)

(a) L (b) 2L (c) 3L (d) 4L

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.4:

ax3 bx 2
1. (a): Let f (x) = cx , f (0) = f (1) = 0
3 2

2. (b): Let f (x) = x4 – 3x3 + 3x2 – 3x, f (1) = f (2) = –2

3. (b): Let f (x) = x4 + 3x + 1, f (–2) = 16 – 6 + 1 = 11, f (1) = 5.

f (x) = 4x3 + 3
sin b sin a
4. (a): Let f (x) = sin x, then cos c =
b a
and g (x) = cos x, then –sin c = cos b – cos a
f (6) f (1)
5. (d): f '( x) 2 f (6) – f (1) 10
5
1
6. (d): f (0) = f 0

7. (c): f (3) = f (4) = f (5) = f (6) = 0

b
8. (a): 2ax + b = 0 x=
2a
9. (b): p (x) = 0 has k –1 real roots.
f ( x) f '( x )
10. (a): lim lim =L
x c g ( x) x c g '( x)

6.7. MONOTONICITY
Let y = f(x) be a given function with D as it’s domain.
Let D1 D, then
6.7.1. Increasing Function
f(x) is said to be increasing in D1 if for every x1, x2 D1,
x1 > x2 f (x1) > f (x2)
It means that there is a certain increase in the value of f(x)
with an increase in the value of x (Refer to the adjacent figure).
6.7.2. Non-Decreasing Function
f(x) is said to be non-decreasing in D1 if for every x1, x2 D1,
x1 > x2 f(x1) f(x2). It means that the value of f(x)
would never decrease with an increase in the value of x
(Refer to the adjacent figure).

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

6.7.3. Decreasing Function

f(x) is said to be decreasing in D1
if for every x1, x2 D1, x1 > x2 f(x1) < f(x2)
it means that there is a certain decrease
in the value of f(x) with an increase in the value of x
(Refer to the adjacent figure).

6.7.4. Non-increasing Function

f(x) is said to be non-increasing in D1
if for every x1. x2 D1, x1 > x2 f(x1) f(x2).
It means that the value of f(x) would
never increase with an increase in the value of x
(Refer to the adjacent figure)

6.7.5. Basic Theorems

Let y = f(x) be a given function, continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b). Then
f(x) is increasing in (a, b) if f ( x) 0 x (a, b) .
f(x) is non-decreasing in (a, b) if f ( x) 0 x (a, b) .
f(x) is decreasing in (a, b) if f ( x) 0 x ( a, b) .
f(x) is non-increasing in (a, b) if f ( x) 0 x ( a, b) .

Remarks :
(i) If f ( x) 0 x ( a, b) and points which make f (x) equal to zero (in between (a, b))
don’t form an interval, then f(x) would be increasing in (a, b).
(ii) If f ( x) 0 x (a, b) and points which make f (x) equal to zero (in between (a, b))
don’t form an interval, f(x) would be decreasing in (a, b).
(iii) If f(0) = 0 and f ( x) 0 x R, then f ( x ) 0 x ( , 0) and f ( x ) 0 x (0, ) .
(iv) If f(0) = 0 and f ( x) 0 x R then f ( x) 0 x ( ,0) and f ( x) 0 x (0, ).
(v) A function is said to be monotonic if it’s either increasing or decreasing.
(vi) The points for which f ( x) is equal to zero or doesn’t exist are called critical points. Here it
should also be noted that critical points are the interior points of the domain of the function.
(vii)The stationary points are the points of the domain where f ( x) = 0.
(viii) If f (x)= 0 or dose not exist at points where f (x)exists and if f (x) changes sign when
passing through x = x0 and f (x)doesn’t change its sign then x0 is called a point of inflection.
If f (x)< 0, x (a, b) then the curve y = f(x) is convex in (a, b)
If f (x) > 0, x (a, b) then the curve y = f(x) is concave in (a, b)
At the point of inflection, the curve changes its concavity.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

Sample Problem-16:
(i) Find the critical points and the intervals of increase and decrease for
f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 – 6x2 + 24x + 7.
(ii) Find the intervals of monotonicity of the following functions:
(a) f(x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 7
(b) f(x) = x ln x
Solution: (i) f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 – 6x2 + 24x + 7 sign scheme for f (x):
f (x) = 12x – 24x – 12x + 24 = 0
3 2

12(x3 – 2x2 – x + 2) = 0
12(x – 1) (x – 2) (x + 1) = 0
Critical points are –1, 1 and 2.
The wavy curve of the derivative is given in the figure.
Hence function increases in the interval [–1, 1] [2, ) and
decreases in the interval (– , –1] [1, 2].
(ii) (a) we have: f(x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 7, x R
f (x) = 4x – 24x + 44 x – 24 = 4 (x –1) (x –2) (x –3)
3 2

From the sign scheme for f (x), we can see that f(x)
decreases in (– , 1]
increases in [1, 2]
decreases in [2, 3]
and increases in [3, ).
(b) we have f(x) = x ln x, x > 0
f (x) = ln x + 1 < 0 x e 1

f(x) decreases in (0, e–1 ]

increases in [e–1, ).

Sample Problem-17:
Prove the following inequalities :
x2
(a) ln(1 + x) > x – x (0, ) (b) sin x < x < tan x x 0,
2 2
Solution: (a) Consider the function
x2
f(x) = ln (1 + x) – x + , x (0, )
2
1 x2
Then f ( x) 1 x 0 x (0, )
1 x 1 x
f(x) increases in (0, ) f(x) > f(0+) = 0
x 2
i.e., ln(1 + x) > x –
2
which is the desired result.

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

(b) Consider the function

f(x) = tan x – x, x 0,
2

f (x) = sec2 x 1 0 x 0,
2
Thus f(x) increases in f(x) f(0) = 0
i.e., tan x x
Now, consider the function
g(x) = x – sin x, x 0,
2
x
Then g (x) = 1 – cos x = 2 sin2 0 x 0,
2 2

g(x) increases in 0, g(x) > g(0) = 0

2
i.e., sin x < x

Sample Problem-18:
Find intervals in which f (x) = 2 x2 – log |x| : x 0, is increasing /decreasing.

2 x 2 – log (– x ) if x 0
Solution: f (x) =
2x 2
log x if x 0
4 x – 1 / x if x 0
f (x) =
4x –1 / x if x 0
f (x) = 4x – 1/x = (4x2 – 1)/x = (2x – 1) (2x + 1)/x ; x 0
1 1
f (x) < 0 in , 0,
2 2
1 1 1 1
f decreases in , 0, and increases in ,0 ,
2 2 2 2

Sample Problem-19:
x3
Prove that x sin x x; 0 x .
6 2

Solution: Let f (x) = sin x – x ; f (x) = cos x – 1 0

f (x) is a decreasing function.

f (x) < f (0) = 0 in (0, /2]

sin x < x. ...(i)
x 3
x 2

Let g(x) = x – – sin x ; g (x) = 1 – – cos x (x) (say)

6 2
(x) = –x + sin x < 0 (by (i))

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

(x) is a decreasing function.

g (x) = (x) < (0) 0<x

2
g(x) is a decreasing function and g(x) < g(0) = 0
Hence x – x3/6 < sin x. ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii); x – x3/6 < sin x < x.

Sample Problem-20:
Find the subintervals of [0, 2 ] in which f (x) = x – 2 sin x is an increasing function.

Solution: f (x) = 1 – 2 cos x

1
f (x) > 0 if cos x <
2

i.e., if x , 2
3 3

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.5:
1. The intervals in which the function f(x) = 3x4 + 4x3 – 12x2 – 7 is increasing is
(a) [–2, 0] (b) [1, 2] (c) (–1, 2) (d) (–1, 0)

2. The values ‘a’ for which the function f(x) = (a + 2)x3 – 3a x2 + 9a x – 1 decreases for all real values
of x is
(a) , (b) , 3 (c) ,3 (d) ,0

3. The function f(x) = tan–1(sin x + cos x) is decreasing function on the interval.

(a) 0, (b) , (c) (0, ) (d) ,

2 4 2 4 2

4. The function f(x) = 2sin x + tan x - 3 x is increasing in the interval .

(a) , (b) , (c) (0, ) (d) ,

2 2 2 4 2

[ a sin x b cos x]
5. The relation between the constants a, b, c and d so that the function, f ( x) is
[c sin x d cos x]
always increasing is.
(a) ad < bc (b) ad > bc (c) ab > cd (d) ab < cd

x2
6. The interval of decreasing of g(x), where g(x) = 2 f f (6 x 2 ) for all x R. It is given that
2
f (x) > 0 for all x R.
(a) , 2 0,2 (b) , 2 0,1 (c) , 1 0,1 (d) , 1 0, 2

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

x3
dt
7. If f ( x) , x 0, 1 then
x 2 ln t

(a) f(x) is an increasing function (b) f(x) has a minima at x = 1

(c) f(x) is a decreasing function (d) f(x) has a maxima at x = 1

8. If S is the set, such that f(x) = 8x2 – ln |x| increases in S, then S contains
1 4 1
(a) ,0 (b) , (c) 0, (d) none of these
4 4 4

9. Let f(x) = 2x – tan–1x-ln x 1 x 2 ; x R . Then

(a) f(x) is increasing in (– , ) (b) f(x) is non-decreasing in (– , )

(c) f(x) is decreasing in (– , ) (d) f(x) is non-increasing in (– , )

10. The number of critical points of f(x) = max {sin x, cos x} for x (0, 2 ) is
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) none of these

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.5:

1. (a): f (x) 0

2. (b): f (x) 0
cos x sin x
3. (d): f (x) =
1 (cos x sin x )2

4. (a): f (x) = 2 cos x + sec2x –3.

5. (b): f (x) > 0

x2
6. (a): g (x) < 0 xf ' xf '(6 x 2 )
2

x2 x2
6 x 2 for x > 0 and 6 x 2 for x < 0
2 2
3x 2 2x x
7. (a): f (x) = ( x 1)
3ln x 2ln x ln x

8. (a): f (x) = 16 x – 1/x

1 1
9. (a): f (x) = 2 –
1 x2 1 x2
10. (c):

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- 6.21 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

6.8. MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF A FUNCTION

6.8.1. Concept of Local Maxima and Local Minima
Let y = f(x) be a function defined at x = a and also in the vicinity of the point x = a. Then, f(x) is
said to have a local maximum at x = a, if the value of the function at
x = a is greater than the value of the function at the neighboring points of x = a. Mathematically,
f(a) > f(a – h) and f(a) > f(a + h) where h > 0 (very small quantity).

Similarly, f(x) is said to have a local minimum at x = a, if the value of the function at x = a is less
than the value of the function at the neighboring points of x = a.
Mathematically, f(a) < f(a – h) and f(a) < f(a + h) where h > 0.
A local maximum or a local minimum is also called a local extremum.

6.8.2. Tests for Local Maxima/Minima

6.8.2.1. Test for Local Maximum/Minimum at x = a if f(x) is Differentiable at x = a.
If f(x) is differentiable at x = a and if it is a critical point of the function (i.e., f (a) = 0) then we
have the following three tests to decide whether f(x) has a local maximum or local minimum or
neither at x = a.
6.8.2.2. First Derivative Test :
If f (a)= 0 and f (x) changes it’s sign while passing through the point x = a, then
(i) f(x) would have a local maximum at x = a if f (a – 0)> 0 and f (a + 0) < 0. It means that
f (x) should change it’s sign from positive to negative.
(ii) f(x) would have a local minimum at x = a if f (a – 0) < 0 and f (a + 0) > 0. It means that
f (x) should change it’s sign from negative to positive.
(iii) If f(x) doesn’t change it’s sign while passing through x = a, then f(x) would have neither a
maximum nor a minimum at x = a.
6.8.2.3. Second Derivative Test:
This test is basically the mathematical representation of the first derivative test. It simply says that,
(i) If f (a) = 0 and f (a) < 0, then f(x) would have a local maximum at x = a.
(ii) If f (a)= 0 and f (a) > 0, then f(x) would have a local minimum at x = a.

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

(iii) If f (a)= 0 and f (a) = 0, then this test fails and the existence of a local maximum/minimum
at x = a is decided on the basis of the nth derivative test.
6.8.2.4. nth Derivative Test
It is nothing but the general version of the second derivative test, It says that if, f (a) = f (a)
=f (a) = ... f n(a) = 0 and f n+1
(a) 0 (all derivatives of the function up to order n vanishes and
(n + 1) order derivative does not vanish at x = a), then f(x) would have a local maximum or local
th

minimum at x = a if n is odd natural number and that x = a would be a point of local maxima if
f n+1
(a) < 0 and would be a point of local minima if f n+1
(a) > 0. However if n is even, then f has
neither a maxima nor a minima at x = a.
It is clear that the last two tests are basically the mathematical representation of the first derivative
test. But that shouldn’t diminish the importance of these tests. Because at that times it becomes
very difficult to decide whether f (x) changes it’s sign or not while passing through point x = a,
and the remaining tests may come handy in these kind of situations.

Sample Problem-21:
1
Let f(x) = x + , x 0 . Discuss the maximum and minimum values of f(x).
x
+ – +
1 x 2 1 ( x 1)( x 1)
Solution: Here, f (x) = 1 – 2 f ( x) –1 1
x x2 x2
sign scheme for f (x):
Using number line rule, we have maximum at x = –1 and minimum at x = 1
at x = –1 we have local maximum fmax(x) = – 2

and at x = 1 we have local minimum fmin(x) = 2

6.8.2.5. Test for Local Maximum/Minimum at x = a if f(x) is not differentiable at x = a

Case 1 : When f(x) is continuous at x = a and f (a – h) and f (a + h) exist and are non-zero, then
f(x) has a local maximum or minimum at x = a if f (a – h) and f (a + h) are of opposite signs.
If f (a – h) > 0 and f (a + h) < 0 then x = a will be a point of local maximum.
If f (a – h) < 0 and f (a + h) > 0 then x = a will be a point of local minimum.
Case 2: When f(x) is continuous and f (a – h) and f (a + h) exist but one of them is zero, we
should infer the information about the existence of local maxima/minima from the basic definition
of local maxima/minima.
Case 3: If f(x) is not continuous at x = a and f (a – h) and/or f (a + h) are not finite, then compare
the values of f(x) at the neighboring points of x = a.
Remark: It is advisable to draw the graph of the function in the vicinity of the point x = a because
the graph would given us the clear picture about the existence of local maxima/minima at x = a.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

Sample Problem-22:
x3 x 2 10 x, x 0
Let f(x) = . Investigate x = 0 for local maxima/ minima.
3sin x, x 0

Solution: Clearly f(x) is continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 0 as f(0) = f(0 – 0) = f (0 + 0) = 0

f ( h) f (0)
f (0) lim
h 0 h
h3
h 2 10h 0
lim = 10
h 0 h
f (h) f (0) 3sinh
But f (0) lim lim 3
h 0 h h 0 h
Since f (0) 0 and f (0) 0, x 0 is the point of local maximum.

Sample Problem-23:

Find the points of local maxima and local minima for the function f (x) = (x – 1)3 (x + 1)2. Also find
corresponding values of f (x).

Solution: f (x) = 3(x – 1)2(x + 1)2 + 2(x – 1)3(x + 1)

= (x – 1)2(x + 1){3x + 3 + 2x – 2}
= (x – 1)2(x + 1)(5x + 1)
1
f (x) = 0 x = 1, –1,
5

By the signs of f (x), we conclude;

f has local maximum at x = – 1 and f (–1) = 0
1 1 3456
f has local minimum at x = and f
5 5 3125

Sample Problem-24:

Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x) = x + sin 2x in [0, ].

Solution: f (x) = 1 + 2 cos 2x ;

1
f (x) = 0 cos 2x = –
2
2 4 2
2x = , or x = ,
3 3 3 3
Now for absolute max/min, we compare values of
3 3
f (0) = 0, f = + , f = – , f( )=
3 3 2 3 3 2

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

Absolute max. f (x) = f ( )

Absolute min. f (x) = f (0) 0.

Sample Problem-25:

Show that the semi-vertical angle of a right circular cone of maximum volume and of given slant
height is tan–1 2 .

O
Solution: Let slant height OA be l and semi-verical angle of the cone
be .
l
From figure,

r = radius of the base

A B
= l sin C

h = height of the cone = OC = lcos

1
V = volume = r2 h
3
1 1 3 2
= (l sin )2 (l cos ) = l sin cos
3 3
dV 1 3
= l (2 sin cos2 – sin3 )
d 3
1 3
= l sin (2 cos2 – sin2 ).
3
d 2V 1 3
= l {cos (2 cos2 – sin2 ) + sin (–4 cos sin – 2 sin cos )}
d 3
1 3
= l {2 cos3 – 7 sin2 cos }
3
1 3
= l cos3 (2 – 7 tan2 )
3
=0 sin =0 or tan2 =2

= 0, tan–1 2 ( 0< < )

2
d 2V
We reject “ = 0”. Further, < 0 for = tan–1 2
d
Hence volume is maximum when = tan–1 2 .

Sample Problem-26:

If f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 1,

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

max. ( f (t )) , 0 t x :0 x 2
g(x) = . Test continuity of g(x) in [0, 3].
x 2 3x 7 : 2 x 3

Solution: f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 +1

f (x) = 6x2 – 6x = 6x(x – 1)
f (x) = 0 if x = 0, 1
f (x) > 0 if x > 1 or x < 0
f (x) < 0 if 0 < x < 1

x = 0 is point of local maxima and f (0) = 1

3
f (x) = 1 2x3 – 3x2 = 0 x = 0,
2
3
f (0) 1 if 0 x
2
3
g(x) = f (x) if x 2
2
x2 3 x 7 if 2 x 3

g can be easily verified to be discontinuous at x = 2 alone.

6.9. CONCEPT OF GLOBAL MAXIMUM/MINIMUM

Let y = f(x) be a given function with domain D. Let [a, b] D. Global maximum/minimum of f(x)
in [a, b] is basically the greatest/least value of f(x) in [a, b].
Global maximum and minimum in [a, b] would always occur at critical points of f(x) within [a, b]
or at the end points of the interval, if f is continuous in [a, b].

6.9.1 Global Maximum/Minimum in [a, b]

In order to find the global maximum and minimum of a continuous function f(x) in [a, b], find out
all the critical points of f(x) in (a, b). Let c1, c2, ... , cn be the different critical points. Find the value
of the function at these critical points. Let f(c1 ), f(c2), .... , f(cn) be the values of the function at
critical points.
Say, M1 = max {f(a), f(c1), f(c2), .... , f(cn), f(b)}
and M2 = min {f(a), f(c), f(c2), ..., f(cn), f(b)}
Then M1 is the greatest value of f(x) in [a, b] and M2 is the least value of f(x) in [a, b].

6.9.2. Global Maximum/Minimum in (a, b)

Method for obtaining the greatest and least values of f(x) in (a, b) is almost same as the method
used for obtaining the greatest and least values in [a, b] however with a caution.
Let y = f(x) be a continuous function and c1, c2 ... c3 be the different critical points of the function in
(a, b).

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

Let M1 = max. {f(c1), f(c2), f(c3) .... f(cn)}

and M2 = min {f(c1), f(c2), f(c3) ... f(cn)}
Now if lim f(x) > M1 or < M2, f(x) would not have global maximum (or global minimum) in
x a 0
( or x b 0)

(a, b).
This means that if the limiting values at the end points are greater than M1 or less than M2, then f(x)
would not have global maximum/minimum in (a, b). On the other hand if M1 > lim f(x) and
x a 0
(and x b 0)

M2 < lim f(x), then M1 and M2 would respectively be the global maximum and global
x a 0
( and x b 0)

minimum of f(x) in (a, b).

Sample Problem-27:
Let f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 6. Discuss the global maximum and minimum of f(x) in [0, 2] and
in (1, 3).

Solution: f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 6

f (x) = 6x2 – 18x + 12 = 6 (x2 – 3x + 2) = 6 (x – 1) (x– 2)
First of all let us discuss [0, 2].
Clearly the critical point of f(x) in [0, 2] is x = 1.
f(0) = 6, f(1) = 11, f(2) = 10
Thus x = 0 is the point of global minimum of f(x) in [0, 2] and x = 1 is the point of global
maximum.
Now let us consider (1, 3)
Clearly, x = 2 is the only critical point in (1, 3),
f(2) = 10 lim f ( x) ,= 11 and lim f ( x) = 15
x 1 0 x 3 0

Thus x = 2 is the point of global minimum in (1, 3) and the global maximum in (1, 3) does not
exist.

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.6:
x
1. The local maximum value of the function y = , 1 x 4 is.
( x 1) ( x 4)

(a) –1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

ax b
2. If y = has a turning value at (2, -1) then the value of a + b is
( x 1)( x 4)

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

5
3. The value of ‘a’, for which all the extrema for the function f(x) = a 2 x3 2ax 2 9 x b are
3
positive and the function has a maximum at the point x = –5/9, is.
81
(a) (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
25
4. If the function f(x) = sin x (1 + cos x) is maximum in the interval [0, ] at x = .

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3 2 6 4

5. The absolute maximum value and the absolute minimum value of the function, f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 +
12x2 – 48x + 25 in the interval [0, 3] are.
(a) 25, –30 (b) 20, –39 (c) 25, –39 (d) 20, –40
6. The maximum value of f (x) = cos ( 3x) + cos ( 5x) is
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 4

7. If is the root (having least absolute value) of the equation x2 – bx – 1 = 0 (b R+) then
(a) <–1 (b) –1 < <0 (c) 0 < <1 (d) >1

N
8. Let N be any four digit number say x1 x2 x3 x4. Then maximum value of is equal to
x1 x2 x3 x4
1111
(a) 1000 (b) (c) 800 (d) none of these
4

| x 1| a , x 1
9. Let f(x) = . If f(x) has a local minima at x = 1, then
2 x 3, x 1

(a) a = 5 (b) a < 5 (c) a > 5 (d) none of these

10. If f(x) = a0 + a1 x2 + a2x4 + ... + anx2n be a polynomial where a0 < a1 < a2 < ...< an and all are positive
then f(x) has
(a) neither a maximum nor a minimum (b) only one maximum
(c) only one minimum (d) none of these

HINTS/SOLUTION OBJECTIVE QUESTION-6.6:

x dy ( x2 5 x 4) x (2 x 5)
1. (a): y = ,
x2 5 x 4 dx ( x 2 5 x 4) 2
2a b
2. (b): Given –1 = 2a + b = 2 and y´(2) = 0
(2 1)(2 4)

5
3. (a): f 0
9

4. (a): f (x) = cos x(1 + cos x) – sin x . sin x = 0

5. (c): f (x) = 12 x3 – 24x2 + 24x – 48 = 0

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

6. (c): f (0) = 1 + 1 = 2

7. (b): 2x – b = 0
b
x=
2

8. (a): x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 4(N)1/4
9. (a): f (1) lim f ( x) 5 a
x 1

10. (c): f (x) = 2a1x + 4a2x3 + ... + 2nanx2n –1 = 0

x = 0 and f (0) > 0

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

CHAPTER ASSIGNMENT
STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
| x 1|
1. If f ( x ) , its critical points are
x2
(a) 1, 2 (b) 0, 1 (c) 0, 2 (d) none of these

2. The number of tangents to the curve x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3, which are equally inclined to the axes of
coordinates is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

3. If f ´(x) > 0, x R, f ´(1) = 0 and g(x) = f (tan2x – tan x + 4), 0 < x < , then g(x) is increasing in
2

(a) 0, (b) 0, (c) 0, (d) none of these

3 6 4

4. The absolute minimum value of f (x) = cos x + 10x + 3x2 + x3 when x [–2, 3], is
(a) –12 (b) –15 (c) –18 (d) none of these

5. If I = [–1, 4] and f : I R, where f (x) = x3 – 3x, then range of f (x) is

(a) [–2, 52] (b) [2, 52] (c) [–2, 64] (d) none of these

6. If f (x) = 3 – 2 (x + 1)1/3, then f (x) has

(a) a local maximum point (b) a local minimum point

(c) no local maximum/minimum point (d) none of these

7. Number of real roots of f (x) = ex–1 + x – 2 = 0, is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0

| x 1| , x 1
8. If f ( x) has a local minimum at x = 1, then
2x 3 , x 1

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) none of these

9. The distance between the origin and normal to the curve y = e2x + x2 at the point A where x = 0, is
equal to
1 2
(a) (b) (c) 5 (d) none of these
5 5

10. Equation of one of the tangents to curve y = cos (x + y), x [– , ], which are parallel to line
x + 2y + 1 = 0, is

(a) 2 y x (b) 2 y x (c) 2y + x = 1 (d) none of these

2 4

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

11. If f (x) = x3 + 4x2 + x + 1 is a monotonically decreasing function of x in the largest possible interval
(–2, –2/3), then
(a) =4 (b) =2 (c) = –1 (d) has no real value

12. If f (x) and g(x) are two increasing function such that (g o f )(x) is defined, then
(a) (g of) (x) is an increasing function (b) (f og) is a decreasing function
(c) (f o g)(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing (d) none of these

13. Normal to the curve x = 3t2 + 1, y = t2 – t + 1 is parallel to x-axis at

(a) t = 10 (b) t = 0 (c) t = 3 (d) t = –3

14. The curves x3 – 3x2y + 2 = 0 and 3xy2 – y3 – 2 = 0 meet each other at an angle of
(a) 45º (b) 90º (c) 60º (d) 0º

15. Let P(x) = a1x + a2x3 + a3x5 + ....... + anx2n–1 be a polynomial in a real variable x with
0 < a1, a2, ....., an, then the function P(x) has

(a) no extremum (b) one minimum

(c) one maximum (d) More than one extrema

a0 a1 a2 an –1
16. If ..... + an = 0. Then the function
n 1 n n –1 2

f (x) = a0xn + a1xn–1 + a2xn–1 + ..... + an has in (0, 1)

(a) at least one zero (b) at most one zero

(c) only 3 zeros (d) only 2 zeros.
x dx
17. The slope of the tangent to the curve y = at the point where x = 1 is
0 1 x3
1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) none of these
2 4

18. The interval of increase of f (x) = xex (1 – x) is

1 1
(a) (0, 1) (b) (– , 0) (1, ) (c) ,1 (d) , (1, )
2 2

19. The maximum value of (1 / x)2 x is

2

(a) e (b) e1/e (c) 1 (d) ee

3 |x k| x k
20. If f(x) = sin( x k ) has maximum at x = k, then
a2 2 x k
x k

(a) a R (b) |a| < 2 (c) |a| > 2 (d) 1 < |a| > 2

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

21. If a = cos 1 x , b = cos–1(x) and c = (cos–1x)2 and a > b > c, then x lies in the interval.

(a) (cos–1, 1) (b) (0, cos–1) (c) –1, 1) (d) (–1, cos cos–1)

22. The maximum value of cos [cos (sinx)] is

(a) cos (cos1) (b) cos 1 (c) 1 (d) 0
x
23. The number of critical points of the function f (x) = et (t 1)(t 2)(t 3)dt is
0

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 12 (d) none of these

24. The curve x + y = exy has a vertical tangent at point ( ). Then is equal to
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –2

25. If f (x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 and g (x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 are such that min f (x) > max g (x) then
(a) 0 < c < b/2 (b) |c| < |b| < 2 (c) |c| > |b| > 2 (d) |b| < |c| < 2

b
26. If ax + c x > 0 and a, b, c are positive constants then
x
c2 c2 a2 b2
(a) ab (b) ab (c) bc (d) ac
4 4 4 4

xn yn x y
27. The curve = 2 touches the line = 2 at the point
an b n
a b
1 1
(a) (b, a) (b) (a, b) (c) (1, 1) (d) ,
b a

28. The tangent to the curve x y a at any point on it cuts the axes –X and –Y at P and Q

respectively then OP + OQ is

(a) 2 a (b) a (c) a/2 (d) none of these

29. In a ABC, B = 90° and a + b = 4. The area of the triangle is the maximum when C is

(a) /4 (b) /6 (c) /3 (d) none of these

30. If 3(a + 2c) = 4(b + 3d), then the equation ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 will have
(a) no real solution (b) at least one real root in (– 1, 0)
(c) at least on real root in (0, 1) (d) none of these
31. In the interval [0, 1], the function x25(1 – x)75 takes its maximum value at the point
(a) 0 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/3
x2
x 1
32. For real x, maximum value of is
x2 x 1
(a) 1/2 (b) 2 (c) 1/3 (d) 3

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

x
1
33. What is the maximum value of ?
x
(a) (e)1/e (b) (1/e)e (c) e–e (d) none of these
34. Let f (x) = cos x sin 2x. Then
8 3
(a) min {f (x) ; (– x )} > – (b) min {f (x) ; (– x )} > –
9 7
1 2
(c) min {f (x) ; (– x )} > – (d) min {f (x) ; (– x )} > –
9 9
35. For what value of a, f (x) = –x3 + 4ax2 + 2x – 5 is decreasing x R
(a) (1, 2) (b) (3, 4) (c) R (d) no value of a

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

36. If f (x) = 2 log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1, then f (x) is
(a) increasing in (2, 3) (b) decreasing in (3, )
(c) increasing in (– , 2) (d) none of these

37. If f (x) = x (log x)2, then extreme values of f (x) are

(a) local maximum = 4e–2 (b) local minimum = 0
(c) no local maximum/local minimum (d) none of these

38. Let f (x) > 0 and g (x) < 0 for all x R. Then

(a) f {g(x)} > f {g(x + 1)} (b) f {g(x)} > f {g(x – 1)}
(c) g{f (x)} > g{f (x + 1)} (d) g{f (x)} > g{f (x – 1)}

x2 1
39. Let f ( x) ,1 x 4. [.] denotes the greatest integer function. Then
[ x]
(a) f (x) is monotonically decreasing in [1, 3.9] (b) f (x) is monotonically increasing in [1, 3.9]
17
(c) the greatest value of f (x) is (d) the least value of f (x) is 2.
3

40. Let g(x) = f (x) + f (1 – x) and f (x) < 0, 0 x 1. Then

1 1
(a) g(x) increases on ,1 (b) g(x) decreases on ,1
2 2
1 1
(c) g(x) decreases on 0, (d) g(x) increases on 0,
2 2

x 1 0 x 1
41. f(x) = 3 x 1 is increasing in
x–3 x 1

(a) [0, 1] (b) [1, ) (c) (1, ) (d) [0, )

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

42. Let f(x) = (x – 1)p. (x – 2)q where p > 1, q > 1. Each critical point of f (x) is a point of extremum
when
(a) p = 3, q = 4 (b) p = 4, q = 2 (c) p = 2, q = 3 (d) p = 2, q = 4.

43. Let f(x) = a5x5 + a4x4 + a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x, where ai s are real find f(x) = 0 has a positive root 0. Then
(a) f (x) = 0 has a root 1 such that 0 < 1 < 0 (b) f (x) = 0 has at least one real root
(c) f (x) = 0 has at least one real root (d) none of these

44. Let the parabolas y = x(c – x) and y = x2 + ax + b touch each other at the point (1, 0), then
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a + b = 2 (c) b – c = 1 (d) a + c = –2

45. The angle between the tangents at any point P and the line joining P to the origin 0, where P is a
y
point on the curve ln (x2 + y2) = c tan–1 , c is a constant, is
x
(a) independent of x (b) independent of y
(c) independent of x but dependent on y (d) independent of y but dependent on x

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

Comprehension-1
Recall the definition of Rolle’s Theorem.
Let f (x) be a function defined on [a, b] such that f (x) is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on
(a, b) and also f (a) = f (b). Then f (x) will have at least one root in (a, b)

46. Let (x) = f (x) + Ax, where f (x) is a polynomial, the value of A so that (x) satisfies Rolle’s
theorem on [a, b] is
f (b ) f ( a ) f (a ) f (b) f (b) f ( a ) f (b ) 2 f (a )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b a b a b a b a

47. For the function f (x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b, f (1) = f (3) = 0 the value of a so that f (x) has a root at
1
x=2+ is
3

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 11 (d) none of these

48. In which of the following functions Rolle’s theorem is not applicable

(a) f (x) = x(x – 4)2 for [0, 4]
(b) f (x) = e1–x2 for [–1, 1]
1
(c) f (x) = sin + x2 + 1 for [–1, 1]
| x|
x 2 ab
(d) f (x) = log on [a, b] where 0<a<b
x( a b)

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

11 5/6 8 1/3 3 1/2

49. The function f (x) = x x x 2 will have a root in the interval
6 3 2
(a) [2, 4] (b) [3, 4] (c) [1, 4] (d) none of these

Comprehension-2
If f (x) is a polynomial of degree n and has the root repeated r times e.g., f (x) = (x – )r g (x), then
f ´ ( ) = f ´´( ) = 0. ....... so on (i.e. all derivatives till r –1th derivative are zero). Also between any
two roots of f (x) = 0 lies at least one root of f ´ (x) = 0.
Answer the following questions for f (x) = (x – )3 (x – )3 ( ).

50. Which of the following must be true?

(a) all the roots of f ´´ (x) = 0 are real and distinct
(b) all the roots of f ´´(x) = 0 are real and nothing can be said if these are distinct or equal
(c) f ´´ (x) = 0 has only two real roots
(d) f ´´ (x) = 0 has only three real roots

51. The equation f ´ (x) = f ´´ (x) has

(a) all real roots (b) only two real roots

(c) at least two real roots (d) nothing can be said in general

52. The equation f ´´ (x) = f ´´´ (x) has

(a) all real roots (b) one real root
(c) two real roots (d) nothing can be said

53. Which of the following must be true?

(a) f (x) has only one local maxima and one local minima

(b) f (x) has two points of inflection

(c) f ´ (x) has two local maximum and two local minimum
(d) nothing can be said

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

e x e | x| 1
54. A. Range of the function f (x) = (p) 0,
e x e| x| 2

B. The function f (x) = 2log (x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1 increases on the interval (q) (2, 3)

1
C. f (x) = xex (1 – x) increases in (r) ,1
2

4 x2
D. f (x) = sin log . Domain of f (x) is (s) (–2, 1)
1 x

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

55. A. The sides of a triangle vary slightly in such a way that its circum-radius (p) 1
da db dc
remains constant, if 1 = |m|, then the alues of m is
cos A cos B cos C

B. The length of sub-tangent to the curve x2y2 = 16 at the point (–2, 2) is |k|, (q) –1

then the value of k is

C. The curve y = 2e2x intersects the y-axis at an angle cot–1 |(8n – 4)/3, (r) 2
then the value of n is
D. The area of a triangle formed by normal at the point (1, 0) on the (s) –2
curve x = esin y with axes is |2t + 1|/6 sq. units, then the value of t is

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

56. If be the angle of intersection of x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y – 10 = 0 and y = 2x – 5, then tan is.

57. Total number of values of ‘x’ where f (x) = cos x + cos 2x attains its maximum value is/are
58. If xy = 10, then minimum value of 12 x2 + 13y2 is equal to 10m 10m 1. Find m.

59. f (x) = ex. cos x, x [0, 2 ]. The slope of tangent of the function is minimum for x = , then sin is.

60. Let f (x) = maximum {sin x, cos x} x R . If the minimum value of f (x) is , then tan (sin–1( )) is.

61. If the tangent at any point (4m2, 8m3) of x3 – y2 = 0 is a normal to the curve x3 – y2 = 0, then the
value of 3m2 is

62. If P is the point on the curve 3x2 – 4y2 = 72 which is nearest to the line 3x + 2y + 1 = 0, then its
distance from the point (0, 3) is

63. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(1) = –2 and f ´(x) 2 for all x [1, 6], then the minimum value
of f(6) is

64. For a twice-differentiable function f(x), g(x) is defined as g(x) = (f ´(x))2 + f ´´(x)f(x) on [a, e]. If for
a < b < c < d < e, f(a) = 0, f(b) = 2, f(c) = –1, f(d) = 2 and f(e) = 0, then the minimum number of
zero of g(x) is

65. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve f(x) = x2 + bx – b at the point (1, 1) and the
coordinate axes lies in the first quadrant. If its area is 2, then the value of |b| is

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS QUESTIONS

1. A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative f (x) = 6(x – 1). If its graph passes through the
point (2, 1) and at that point the tangent to the graph is y = 3x – 5, then the function is [AIEEE-2004]
(a) (x – 1)2 (b) (x + 1)2 (c) (x + 1)3 (d) (x – 1)3

2. The normal to the curve x = a(1 + cos ), y = a sin at always passes through the fixed
point [AIEEE-2004]
(a) (a, 0) (b) (a, a) (c) (0, 0) (d) (0, a)

3. The normal to the curve x = a (cos + sin ), y = a (sin + cos ) at any point ‘ ’ is such that
[AIEEE-2005]

(a) it passes through a , a (b) it is at a constant distance from the origin

2

(c) it passes through the origin (d) it makes angle with the x-axis
2

4. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(a) = –2 and f (x) 2 for x [1, 6], then [AIEEE-2005]
(a) f(6) < 5 (b) f(6) = 5 (c) f(6) 8 (d) f(6) < 8

5. If the equation anxn + an – 1xn – 1 + ... + a1x = 0, a1 0, n 2, has a positive root x = , then the
equation nan xn–1 + (n – 1)an–1 xn–2 + ... + a1 = 0 has a positive root, which is [AIEEE-2005]

(a) greater than or equal to (b) equal to

(c) greater than (d) smaller than

6. If the function f (x) = 2x3 – 9 ax2 + 12 a2x + 1, where a > 0, attains its maximum & minimum at p
and q respectively such that p2 = q, then ‘a’ equals [AIEEE-2003]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 3

x 2
7. The function f ( x) has a local minimum at [AIEEE-2006]
2 x
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 2 (c) x = –2 (d) x = 0

3 x 2 9 x 17
8. If x is real, the maximum value of is [AIEEE-2006]
3 x2 9 x 7
17 1
(a) (b) (c) 41 (d) 1
7 4

9. A value of C for which the conclusion of Mean Value Theorem holds for the function f (x) = loge x
on the interval [1, 3] is [AIEEE 2007]
(a) log3 e (b) loge 3 (c) 2 log3 e (d) (1/2)loge 3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

10. The function f (x) = tan–1(sinx + cos x) is an increasing function in [AIEEE 2007]

(a) 0, (b) , (c) , (d) ,

2 2 2 4 2 2 4

11. Suppose the cubic x3 – px + q has three distinct real roots where p > 0 and q > 0. Then which one of
the following holds? [AIEEE 2008]
p p
(a) The cubic has minima at and maxima at
3 3
p p
(b) The cubic has minima at both and –
3 3
p p
(c) The cubic has maxima at both and –
3 3
p p
(d) The cubic has minima at and maxima at –
3 3
12. Given P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d such that x = 0 is the only real root of P´(x) = 0. If
P(–1) < P(1), then in the interval [–1, 1] : [AIEEE 2009]
(a) P(–1) is not minimum but P(1) is the maximum of P
(b) P(–1) is the minimum but P(1) is not the maximum of P
(c) neither P(–1) is the minimum nor P(1) is the maximum of P
(d) P(–1) is the minimum and P(1) is the maximum of P

k 2 x , if x 1
13. Let f : R R be defined by f (x)
2 x 3, if x 1
If f has a local minimum at x = –1, then a possible value of k is [AIEEE 2010]
1
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d)
2
4
14. The equation of the tangent to the curve y x , that the parallel to the x-axis, is [AIEEE 2010]
x2
(a) y = 3 (b) y = 0 (c) y = 1 (d) y = 2
x
5
15. For x 0, , define f ( x ) t sin t dt . Then f has [AIEEE 2011]
2 0

(a) local maximum at and 2

(b) local minimum at and 2
(c) local minimum at and local maximum at 2
(d) local maximum at and local minimum at 2

16. The shortest distance between line y – x = 1 and curve x = y2 is : [AIEEE 2011]
3 3 2 8 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 3 2 3

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

17. A spherical balloon is filled with 4500 cubic meters of helium gas. If a leak in the balloon causes
the gas to escape at the rate of 72 cubic meters per minute, then the rate (in meters per minute) at
which the radius of the balloon decreases 49 minutes after the leakage began is [AIEEE 2012]
(a) 9/7 (b) 7/9 (c) 2/9 (d) 9/2

18. Let a, b R be such that the function f given by f(x) = ln |x| + bx2 + ax, x 0 has extreme values at x
= –1 and x = 2.
Statement 1 : f has local maximum at x = –1 and x = 2.
1 1
Statement 2 : a and b . [AIEEE 2012]
2 4
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is a correct explanation for Statement 1
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement 1
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false

19. A line is drawn through the point (1, 2) to meet the coordinate axes at P and Q such that it forms a
triangle OPQ, where O is the origin. If the area of the triangle OPQ is least, then the slope of the
line PQ is [AIEEE 2012]
(a) –1/4 (b) –4 (c) –2 (d) –1/2
x
20. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, y | t | dt, x R , which are parallel to the
0

line y = 2x, are equal to [JEE-Mains 2013]

(a) ± 3 (b) ± 4 (c) ± 1 (d) ± 2

21. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying f (0) = 2 = g (1), g(0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then
for some c ]0, 1[: [JEE-Mains 2014]
(a) 2f (c) = g (c) (b) 2f (c) = 3g (c) (c) f (c) = g (c) (d) f (c) = 2g (c)

22. If x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points of f (x) = log |x| + x2 + x then [JEE-Mains 2014]
1 1 1 1
(a) = – 6, = (b) = – 6, = – (c) = 2, = – (d) = 2, =
2 2 2 2

23. The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy –3 y2 = 0 at (1, 1) : [JEE-Mains 2015]

(a) does not meet the curve again.
(b) meets the curve again in the second quadrant.
(c) meets the curve again in the third quadrant.
(d) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

24. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent respectively to form a square of side = x
units and a circle of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the square and the circle so formed is
minimum, then : [JEE-Mains 2016]
(a) 2x = r (b) 2x = ( + 4)r (c) (4 – )x = r (d) x = 2r

25. Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower-bed in the form of a circular sector.
Then the maximum area (in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is [JEE-Mains 2017]
(a) 30 (b) 12.5 (c) 10 (d) 25

26. The normal to the curve y(x – 2)(x – 3) = x + 6 at the point where the curve intersects the
y-axis passes through the point [JEE-Mains 2017]
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3

27. If the curves y2 = 6x, 9x2 + by2 = 16 intersect each other at right angles, then the value of b is:
[JEE-Mains 2018]
9 7
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d) 4
2 2
1 1 f (x)
28. Let f(x) = x2 + and g(x) = x – , x R – {–1, 0, 1}. If h(x) = , then the local minimum
x2 x g( x )
value of h(x) is: [JEE-Mains 2018]
(a) 2 2 (b) 3 (c) –3 (d) 2 2

29. Tangent and normal are drawn at P(16, 16) on the parabola y2 = 16x, which intersect the axis of the
parabola at A and B, respectively. If C is the centre of the circle through the points P, A and B and
CPB = , then a value of tan is [JEE-Mains 2018]
4 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
3 2

30. The tangent to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 5, parallel to the line 2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the
point. [JEE-Mains 2019]
1 7 7 1 1 1
(a) , (b) , (c) ,7 (d) , 7
4 2 2 4 8 8

31. The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its base on the x-axis and its other two
vertices on the parabola, y = 12 – x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the parabola, is
[JEE-Mains 2019]
(a) 20 2 (b) 18 3 (c) 32 (d) 36

2 dy
32. For x > 1, if (2x)2y = 4e2x – 2y, then 1 log e 2 x is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2019]
dx
x log e 2 x log e 2
(a) loge2x (b)
x
x log e 2 x log e 2
(c) x loge 2x (d)
x

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

33. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers. The maximum value of the expression
xmy n
is : [JEE-Mains 2019]
(1 x 2 m )(1 y 2 n )
1 1 m n
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
2 4 6 mn

34. The maximum volume (in cu. m) of the right circular cone having slant height 3 m is:
[JEE-Mains 2019]
4
(a) 6 (b) 3 3 (c) (d) 2 3
3

35. The tangent to the curve, y = xex2 passing through the point (1, e) also passes through the point :
[JEE-Mains 2019]
4 5
(a) , 2e (b) (2, 3e) (c) ,2e (d) (3, 6e)
3 3

36. Let f : (–1,1) R be a function defined by f(x) = max{-|x|,– 1 x 2 }. If K be the set of all points at
which f is not differentiable, then K has exactly : [JEE-Mains 2019]
(a) Three elements (b) One element (c) Five elements (d) Two elements

37. A helicopter is flying along the curve given by y – x3/2 = 7, (x 0). A soldier positioned at the point
1
,7 wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Then this nearest distance is :
2
[JEE-Mains 2019]
1 1 7 1 7 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 6 3 6

38. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 40 on the set
S= {x R : x2 + 30 11 x} is : [JEE-Mains 2019]
(a) 122 (b) –222 (c) –122 (d) 222

x d x
39. Let f (x) = , x R , where a, b and d are non-zero real constants. Then :-
2 2 2
a x b ( d x )2

(a) f is a decreasing function of x

(b) f is neither increasing nor decreasing function of x
(c) f is not a continuous function of x
(d) f is an increasing function of x [JEE-Mains 2019]

40. If the function f given by f(x) = x3 –3(a – 2)x2 + 3ax + 7, for some a R is increasing in
f ( x ) 14
(0, 1] and decreasing in [1, 5), then a root of the equation, 0( x 1) is :
( x 1)2
[JEE-Mains 2019]
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) –7

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

41. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and f (x) = f(x) for all x R. If h(x) = f(f(x)), then
h (1) is equal to : [JEE-Mains 2019]

(a) 4e (b) 4e2 (c) 2e (d) 2e2

42. Let the function, f : [–7, 0] R be continuous on [–7, 0] and differentiable on (–7, 0). If
f(–7) = –3 and f ‘ (x) 2, for all x (–7, 0), then for all such functions f, f(–1) + f (0) lies in the
interval : [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) [–6, 20] (b) (– , 20] (c) (– , 11] (d) [–3, 11]

43. The value of c in the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x +
11, when x [0, 1] is : [JEE-Mains 2020]
2 7 2 4 5 4 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3

44. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 5 such that x = ±1 are its critical points. If
f ( x)
lim 2 4 , then which one of the following is not true? [JEE-Mains 2020]
x 0 x3

(a) f is an odd function

(b) x = 1 is a point of minima and x = –1 is a point of maxima of f.

(c) x = 1 is a point of maxima and x = –1 is a point of minimum of f.

(d) f(1) – 4f(–1) = 4

x2
45. If c is a point at which Rolle’s theorem holds for the function, f ( x) log e in
7x

theinterval [3, 4], where R, then f (c) is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]

3 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 12 24 12

46. Let f (x) = x cos–1(–sin|x|), x , then which of the following is true?

2 2

(a) f is decreasing in ,0 and increasing in 0,

2 2
(b) f is not differentiable at x = 0
(c) f '(0)
2
(d) f is increasing in ,0 and decreasing in 0, [JEE-Mains 2020]
2 2

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

3
47. Let the normal at a point P on the curve y2 – 3x2 + y + 10 = 0 intersect the y-axis at 0, . If
2
m is the slope of the tangent at P to the curve, then |m| is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]

48. The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2
= 0 at the point (2, 2) is
(a) 4 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 2

49. Let S be the set of all functions ƒ : [0,1] R, which are continuous on [0, 1] and
differentiable on (0, 1). Then for every ƒ in S, there exists a c (0, 1), depending on ƒ, such
that
(a) |ƒ(c) – ƒ(1)| < (1 – c)|ƒ’(c)| (b) |ƒ(c) – ƒ(1)| < |ƒ’(c)|
f (1) f (c)
(c) ƒ(c) + ƒ(1)| < (1 + c)|ƒ’(c)| (d) f '(c) [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 c

50. Let ƒ(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that ƒ(–1) = 10, ƒ(1) = –6, ƒ(x) has a critical point
at x = –1 and ƒ’(x) has a critical point at x = 1. Then ƒ(x) has a local minima at x = _______.
[JEE-Mains 2020]

51. A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness the
melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate (in cm/min.)
at which of the thickness of ice decreases, is : [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 5 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
36 6 18 54
52. Let ƒ be any function continuous on [a, b] and twice differentiable on (a, b). If for all x (a,
f (c ) f ( a )
b), ƒ’(x) > 0 and ƒ’’(x) < 0, then for any c (a, b), is greater than :
f (b) f (c )
[JEE-Mains 2020]

b a b c c a
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
b a c a b c
3
53. If the tangent to the curve y = x + sin y at a point (a, b) is parallel to the line joining 0, and
2
1
,2 , then [JEE-Mains 2020]
2

(a) b = a (b) b a (c) |b – a| = 1 (d) |a + b| = 1

2
54. Let P(h, k) be a point on the curve y = x2 + 7x + 2, nearest to the line, y = 3x –3. Then the equation
of the normal to the curve at P is: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) x + 3y – 62 = 0 (b) x – 3y – 11 = 0 (c) x – 3y + 22 = 0 (d) x + 3y + 26 = 0

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

55. If p(x) be a polynomial of degree three that has a local maximum value 8 at x = 1 and a local

minimum value 4 at x = 2; then p(0) is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) 12 (b) –24 (c) 6 (d) –12

1
56. Let f : (–1, ) R be defined by f(0) = 1 and f (x) = log e (1 x ), x 0. Then the function f
x

[JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) decreases in (–1, ) (b) decreases in (–1, 0) and increases in (0, )

(c) increases in (–1, ) (d) increases in (–1, 0) and increases in (0, )

57. The equation of the normal to the curve y = (1 + x)2y + cos2(sin–1x) at x = 0 is: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) y = 4x + 2 (b) x + 4y = 8 (c) y + 4x = 2 (d) 2y + x = 4

58. The function, f(x) = (3x – 7)x2/3, x R, is increasing for all x lying in [JEE-Mains 2020]
3 14 14 14
(a) ( ,0) , (b) ( ,0) , (c) , (d) , (0, )
7 15 15 15

59. If the surface area of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3.6 cm2/sec, retaining its shape, then the rate of

change of its volume (in cm3/sec.), when the length of a side of the cube is 10 cm, is

[JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) 18 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 9

60. Suppose f (x) is a polynomial of degree for, having critical point at –1, 0, 1. If T = {x R|f(x) =

f(0)}, then the sum of squares of all the elements of T is: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 4

61. If the tangent of the curve, y = ex at a point (c, ec) and the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4x at the

point (1, 2) intersect at the same point on the x-axis, then the value of c is [JEE-Mains 2020]

62. Let f be a twice differentiable function on (1, 6). If f (2) = 8, f (2) = 5, f (x) 1 and f (x) 4, for all

x (1, 6), then: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) f(5) + f (5) 28 (b) f(5) + f (5) 26 (c) f (5)+ f (5) 28 (d) f (5) 10

63. The area (in sq. units) of the largest rectangle ABCD whose vertices A and B lie on the x-axis and

vertices and D lie on the parabola, y = x2 –1 below the x-axis, is: [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 4 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

64. If x = 1 is a critical point of the function f (x) = (3x2 + ax–2 –a)ex , then: [JEE-Mains 2020]
2
(a) x = 1 is a local minima and x is a local maxima of f
3
2
(b) x = 1 is a local maxima and x is a local minima of f
3
2
(c) x = 1 and x are local minima of f
3
2
(d) x = 1 and x are local maxima of f
3

65. Which of the following points lies on the tangent to the curve x 4 e y 2 y 1 3 at the point

(1, 0)? [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) (2, 2) (b) (–2, 6) (c) (–2, 4) (d) (2, 6)

66. The position of a moving car at time t is given by f (t) = at2 + bt + c, t > 0, where a, b and c are real

numbers greater than 1. Then the average speed of the car over the time interval [t1, t2] is attained at

the point: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) a(t2 – t1) + b (b) (t1 + t2)/2 (c) 2a(t1 + t2) + b (d) (t2 – t1)/2

67. Let AD and BC be two vertical poles at A and B respectively on a horizontal ground. If AD = 8 m,

BC = 11 m and AB = 10 m; then the distance (in meters) of a point M on AB from the point A such

that MD2 MC2 is minimum is. [JEE-Mains 2020]

68. The set of all real values of for which the function f (x) = (1 – cos2x). ( + sin x), x , ,
2 2

has exactly one maxima and exactly one minima, is [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3
(a) , {0} (b) , (c) , (d) , {0}
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

69. For all twice differentiable functions f : R R, with f(0) = f (1) = f (0) = 0 [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) f (x) = 0, for some x (0, 1) (b) f (0) = 0

(c) f (x) 0 at every point x (0, 1) (d) f (x) = 0 at every point x (0, 1)

70. If the tangent to the curve, y = f(x) = x loge x, (x > 0) at a point (c, f(c)) is parallel to the line –

segment joining the points (1, 0) and (e, e), then c is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 1
1 e 1
(a) (b) e 1 e
(c) e e 1
(d)
e 1 e

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

71. If the tangent to the curve y = x3 at the point P(t, t3) meets the curve again at Q, then the

ordinate of the point which divides PQ internally in the ratio 1 : 2 is : [JEE-Mains 2021]

(a) –2t3 (b) 0 (c) –t3 (d) 2t3

4x 3 3x 2
72. The function f ( x ) 2 sin x (2 x 1)cos x : [JEE-Mains 2021]
6
1 1
(a) increase in , (b) increase in ,
2 2
1 1
(c) decrease in , (d) decrease in ,
2 2
55x , if x 5
73. Let f : R R be defined as, f ( x) 2x 3
2 x 2 120 x , if 5 x 4 Let A = {x R : f is
2x 3 3x 2 36x 336, if x 4
.

increasing}. Then A is equal to : [JEE-Mains 2021]

(a) (– , –5) (4, ) (b) (–5, )

(c) (– , –5) (–4, ) (d) (–5, –4) (4, )

74. For which of the following curves, the line x 3y 2 3 is the tangent at the point
3 3 1
, ? [JEE-Mains 2021]
2 2
1
(a) x2 + y2 = 7 (b) y 2 x (c) 2x2 – 18y2 = 9 (d) x2 + 9y2 = 9
6 3

75. If the curve y = ax2 + bx + c, x R, passes through the point (1, 2) and the tangent line to

this curve at origin is y = x, then the possible values of a, b, c are : [JEE-Mains 2021]
1 1
(a) a ,b , c 1 (b) a = l, b = 0, c = 1 (c) a = l, b = l, c = 0 (d) a = –1, b =l, c = l
2 2

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS

1. If f (c) 0 x (a, b) and c is a point such that a < c < b, and (c, f(x)) is the point lying on the
curve for which F(c) is maximum, then f (c) is equal to [IIT 2006]
f (b ) f ( a ) f ( b) f ( a ) 2 f (b ) f (a )
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
b a b a b a

2. Let f ( ) = sin (sin + sin 3 ), then f ( ) [IIT Sc. 2000]

(a) 0 only when 0 (b) 0 for all

(c) 0 for all real (d) 0 only when 0

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

3. If f(x) = xex (1– x), then f(x) is [IIT Sc. 2001]

1
(a) increasing on ,1 (b) decreasing on R
2
1
(c) increasing on R (d) decreasing on ,1
2

4. On the interval [0,1] the function x25 (1 – x)75 takes its maximum value at the point [IIT Sc. 95]

(a) 0 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/3

5. The number of values of x where the function f(x) = cos x + cos ( 2 x) attains its maximum is
[IIT Sc. 1998]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite

x2 1
6. If f(x) = , for every real number x, then the minimum value of f [IIT Sc. 98]
x2 1

(a) does not exist because f is unbounded (b) is not attained even through f is bounded
(c) is equal to 1 (d) is equal to –1

| x | for 0 | x | 2
7. Let f(x) = . Then at x = 0, f has [IIT Sc. 2000]
1 for x 0

(a) a local maximum (b) no local maximum (c) a local minimum (d) no extremum

8. Let f(x) = (1 + b 2) x2 + 2bx + 1 and let m(b) the minimum values of f(x). As b varies, the range of m
(b) is [IIT Sc. 2001]
1 1
(a) [0, 1] (b) 0, (c) ,1 (d) ]0, 1]
2 2
x
9. The function f(x) = 1
t (et –1) (t – 1) (t – 2)3 (t – 3)5 dt has a local minimum at x = [IIT Sc. 99]

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

10. On the ellipse 4 x2 + 9y2 = 1, the points at which the tangents are parallel to the line 8x = 9y are
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3
11. If the normal to the curve y = f(x) at the point (3, 4) makes an angle with the positive x-axis,
4
then f (3) = [IIT Sc. 2000]
(a) –1 (b) – 3/4 (c) 4/3 (d) 1

12. The point (s) on the curve y3 + 3x2 = 12y where the tangent is vertical, is (are) [IIT Sc. 2002]
4 11 4
(a) , 2 (b) ,1 (c) (0, 0) (d) ,2
3 3 3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

13. Let h(x) = f(x) – (f(x))2 + (f(x))3 for every real number x. Then [IIT Sc. 1998]

(a) h is increasing whenever f is increasing (b) h is increasing whenever f is decreasing

(c) h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing (d) nothing can be said in general

14. The function f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x increases if [IIT Sc. 1999]
3 5 5 3
(a) 0 < x < (b) x (c) x (d) x
8 4 8 8 8 8 4

15. The length of a longest interval in which the function 3 sin x – 4 sin3x is increasing, is [IIT Sc. 2002]
3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 2
x x
16. If f(x) = and g(x) = , where 0 < x 1, then in this interval [IIT Sc. 1997]
sin x tan x

(a) Both f(x) and g(x) are increasing functions. (b) Both f(x) and g(x) are decreasing functions
(c) f(x) is an increasing function (d) g(x) is an increasing function

17. For all x (0, 1) [IIT Sc. 2000]

(a) ex < 1 + x (b) loge (1 + x) < x (c) sin x > x (d) loge x > x

18. Let f(x)= ex (x – 1) (x – 2)dx. Then f decreases in the interval [IIT Sc. 2000]

(a) (– , –2) (b) (– 2, –1) (c) (1, 2) (d) (2, + )

19. P1 (tan )tan , P2 (cot )tan , P3 (cot )cot , P4 (tan )cot , (0, / 4). Write increasing
order P1, P2, P3, P4 [IIT 2006]
(a) P1 > P2 > P3 > P4 (b) P3 > P2 > P1 > P4
(c) P4 > P3 > P1 > P2 (d) P2 > P3 > P1 > P4

ex 0 x 1
x
20. y 2 e x 1
1 x 2 and g(x) = f (t ) dt , x [1,3] , then g(x)= has [IIT 2006]
x e 2 x 3
0

(a) no any local minima (b) no any local maxima

(c) max at 1 and min at ln 2 + 1 (d) max at x = 1 + ln 2 and min at x = e

21. f (x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at x = –1. If f (2) = 18, f (1) = –1 and f (x) has
local minima at x = 0, then [IIT 2006]
(a) the distance between point of maxima and minima is 2 5
(b) f (x) is increasing for x 1, 2 5

(c) f (x) has local minima at x = 1

(d) the value of f (0) = 5

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

22. If f (x) is twice differentiable function such that f(a) = 0, f(b) = 2, f(c) = –1, f(d) = 2, f(e) = 0, where
a < b < c < d < e, then the minimum number of zeroes of g(x) = f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) in the
2

interval [a, e] is .... [IIT 2006]

23. The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec) intersects the line joining the points
(c – 1, ec–1 ) and (c + 1, ec+1) [IIT 2007 (P-I)]
(a) on the left of x = c (b) on the right of x = c
(c) at no point (d) at all points

Paragraph for Question Nos. 24 to 26

If a continuous function f defined on the real line R, assumes positive and negative values in R then
the equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R. For example, if it is known that a continuous function f on R is
positive at some point and its minimum value is negative then the equation f (x) = 0 has a root in R.
Consider f (x) = kex – x for all real x where k is a real constant. [IIT 2007 (P-II)]

24. The line y = x meets y = kex for k 0 [IIT 2007 (P-II)]

(a) no point (b) one point
(c) two points (d) more than two point

25. The positive value of k for which kex – x = 0 has only one root is [IIT 2007 (P-II)]
(a) 1/e (b) 1 (c) e (d) loge 2

26. For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which kex – x = 0 has two distinct roots is [IIT 2007 (P-II)]
1 1 1
(a) 0, (b) ,1 (c) , (d) (0, 1)
e e e

27. The total number of local maxima and local minima of the function [IIT 2008]
(2 x)3 , 3 x 1
f (x) = is
x 2/3 , 1 x 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
f (t )
x
e
28. Let g (x) = dt . Which of the following is true? [IIT 2008]
0 1 t2
(a) g (x) is positive on (– , 0) and negative on (0, )
(b) g (x) is negative on (– , 0) and positive on (0, )
(c) g (x) changes sign on both (– , 0) and (0, )
(d) g (x) does not change sign on (– , )

29. Let the function g : (– , ) , be given by g(u) = 2 tan–1(eu) – . Then, g is [IIT 2008]
2 2 2
(a) even and is strictly increasing in (0, )
(b) odd and is strictly decreasing in (– , – )
(c) odd and is strictly increasing in (– , )
(d) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in (– , )

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

30. In the following [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. [IIT 2007 (P-I)]
Column-I Column-II
A x|x | (p) continuous in (–1, 1)
B | x| (q) differentiable in (–1, 1)

C x + [x] (r) strictly increasing in (–1, 1)

D |x – 1| + |x + 1| (s) not differentiable at least at one point in (–1, 1).
31. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the interval [0, 1] by
x2 x2 x2 x2 2 x2 x2
f ( x) e e , g ( x) xe e and h( x) xe e . If a, b and c denote, respectively, the
absolute maximum of f, g and h on [0, 1], then [IIT 2010]

(a) a = b and c b (b) a = c and a b (c) a b and c b (d) a = b = c

32. Let f be a real -valued differentiable function on R (the set of all real numbers) such that f(1) = 1. If
the y-intercept of the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f(x) is equal to the cube of the
abscissa of P, then the value of f(–3) is equal to [IIT 2010]
x
2 t 1
33. Let f(x) = (1 – x)2 sin2x + x2 for all x IR and let g(x) = ln t f (t ) dt for all x (1, ).
1
t 1
Which of the following is true ? [IIT 2012]
(a) g is increasing on (1, )
(b) g is decreasing on (1, )
(c) g is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (2, )
(d) g is decreasing on (1, 2) and increasing on (2, )
x
34. If f ( x) et (t 2)(t 3) dt for all x (0, ) , then
2
[IIT 2012]
0

(a) f has a local maximum at x = 2

(b) f is decreasing on (2, 3)
(c) there exists some c (0, ) such that f´´(c) = 0
(d) f has a local minimum at x = 3

35. Let p(x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a local maximum at x = 1 and a local
minimum at x = 3. If p(1) = 6 and p(3) = 2, then p´(0) is [IIT 2012]

36. The number of points in ( , ) , for which x2 – x sin x – cos x = 0, is [JEE-Adv. 2013]

(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0

37. A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted
into an open rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four corners.
If the total area of removed squares in 100, the resulting box has maximum volume. Then the
lengths of the sides of the rectangular sheet are [JEE-Adv. 2013]
(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) 45 (d) 60

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- 6.50 -
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

38. The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2| – 2|x|| has a local minimum or a local maximum at x =
2 2
(a) –2 (b) (c) 2 (d) [JEE-Adv. 2013]
3 3

Paragraph for Question 39 to 40

Let f : [0, 1] R (the set of all real numbers) be a function. Suppose the function f is twice
differentiable, f(0) = f(1) = 0 and satisfies f ´´(x) – 2f ´(x) + f(x) > ex, x [0, 1]. [JEE-Adv. 2013]

39. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ?

1 1 1
(a) 0 f ( x) (b) f ( x) (c) f ( x) 1 (d) f ( x) 0
2 2 4
1
40. If the function e–x f(x) assumes its minimum in the interval [0, 1] at x , which of the following is
4
true?
1 3 1
(a) f ´( x) f ( x), x (b) f ´( x) f ( x),0 x
4 4 4
1 3
(c) f ´( x ) f ( x ),0 x (d) f ´( x ) f ( x), x 1
4 4

41. The slope of the tangent to the curve (y – x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at the point (1, 3) is [JEE-Advanced 2014]

42. For even pair of continuous functions f, g :[0, 1] R such that

max {f (x) : x [0, 1]} = max {g(x): x [0, 1]}, the correct statement(s) is(are):

(a) (f(c))2 + 3f(c) = (g(c))2 + 3g(c) for some c [0, 1]

(b) (f(c))2 + f(c) = (g(c))2 + 3g(c) for some c [0, 1]

(c) (f(c))2 + 3f(c) = (g(c))2 + g(c) for some c [0, 1]

(d) (f(c))2 = (g(c))2 for some c [0, 1] [JEE-Advanced 2014]

43. Let a R and let f : R R be given by f (x) = x5 – 5x + a. Then [JEE-Advanced 2014]

(a) f (x) has three real roots if a > 4 (b) f (x) has only one real roots if a < 4
(c) f (x) has three real roots if a < –4 (d) f (x) has three real roots if –4 < a < 4

44. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid material with the following constraints: it
has a fixed inner volume of V mm3, has a 2 mm thick solid wall and is open at the top. The bottom
of the container is a solid circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to the outer radius
of the container. If the volume of the material used to make the container is minimum when the
V
inner radius of the container is 10 mm, then the value of is [JEE-Advanced 2015]
250

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

1
45. The least value of for which 4 x 2 x 1 , for all x > 0, is [JEE-Advanced 2016]
8
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
64 32 27 28

46. Let f : (0, ) and g : be twice differentiable functions such that f´´ and g´´ are
continuous functions on . Suppose f ´(2) 0, g (2) 0 and f ´´(2) 0 and g´(2) 0 . If
f ( x) g ( x)
lim 1 , then [JEE-Advanced 2016]
x 2 f ´( x ) g´( x )

(a) f has a local minimum at x = 2 (b) f has a local maximum at x = 2

(c) f´´(2) > f(2) (d) f(x) – f´´(x) = 0 for at least one x

47. If f : is a twice differentiable function such that f ´´(x) 0 for all x , and
1 1
f , f (1) 1, then [JEE-Advanced 2017]
2 2
1 1
(a) f ´(1) 1 (b) f ´(1) 0 (c) f ´(1) 1 (d) 0 f ´(1)
2 2

Answer Q. 48, Q.49and Q.50 by appropriately matching the information given in the
three columns of the following table. [JEE-Advanced 2017]
Let f (x) = x + loge x - x loge x, x (0, ).
Column 1 contains information about zeros of f (x), f (x) and f (x).
Column 2 contains information about the limiting behavior of f(x), f (x) and f (x) at infinity.
Column 3 contains information about increasing/decreasing nature of f (x) and f ( x)
Column1 Column 2 Column 3
(I) f(x) = 0 for some x (1, e2) (i) lim f (x) 0 (P) f is increasing in (0, 1)
x

(II) f (x) = 0 for some x (1, e) (ii) lim f ( x) (Q) f is decreasing in (e, e2)
x

(III) f (x) = 0 for some x (0, 1) (iii) lim f '(x ) (R) f is increasing in (0, 1)
x

(IV) f (x) = 0 for some x (1, e) (iv) lim f ''( x) 0 (S) f is decreasing in (e, e2)
x

48. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination?

(a) (IV) (iv) (S) (b) (II) (ii) (Q) (c) (I) (i) (P) (d) (III) (iii) (R)

49. Which of the following options is the only INCORRECT combination?

(a) (II) (iii) (P) (b) (II) (iv) (Q) (c) (I) (iii) (P) (d) (III) (i) (R)

50. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination?

(a) (II) (iii) (S) (b) (I) (ii) (R) (c) (III) (iv) (P) (d) (IV) (i) (S)

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

51. Let denote a curve y = y(x) which is in the first quadrant and let the point (1, 0) lie on it. Let the
tangent to at a point P intersect the y-axis at YP. If PYP has length l for each point P on , then
which of the following option is/are correct? [JEE-Advanced 2019]
1 1 x2
(a) y log e 1 x2 (b) xy ' 1 x2 0
x

1 1 x2
(c) y log e 1 x2 (d) xy ' 1 x2 0
x

sin x
52. Let f ( x ) , x 0 . Let x1 < x2 < x3 < ... < xn < .... be all the points of local maximum of f and
x2
y1 < y2 < y3 < .... < yn < .... be all the points of local minimum of f. Then which of the following
options is/are correct? [JEE-Advanced 2019]
(a) x1 < y1 (b) |xn – yn| > 1 for every n
1
(c) xn 2 n ,2 n for every n (d) xn +1 – xn > 2 for every n.
2

53. Consider all rectangles lying in the region ( x, y ) R R : 0 x and 0 y 2sin(2 x )

2
and having one side on the -axis. The area of the rectangle which has the maximum perimeter
among all such rectangles, is [JEE-Advanced 2020]
3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 2

54. Let :[0,2] be the function defined by f ( x) (3 sin(2 x))sin x sin 3 x . If

4 4
, [0,2] are such that { [0,2] ( ) , ], then the value of is. [JEE-Advanced 2020]

55. For a polynomial ( ) with real coefficients, let denote the number of distinct real roots of ( ).
Suppose is the set of polynomials with real coefficients defined by
2
={( 1)2( 0+ 1 + 2 2+ 3 3) 0, 1, 2, 3 }.
For a polynomial , let and denote its first and second order derivatives, respectively. Then the
minimum possible value of ( + ), where , is _____ [JEE-Advanced 2020]

56. Let b be a nonzero real number. Suppose f : R R is a differentiable function such that (0) = 1. If
f (x )
the derivative f of f satisfies the equation f '( x ) for all x R, then which of the following
b x2
2

statements is/are TRUE? [JEE-Advanced 2020]

(a) If b> 0, then f is an increasing function (b) If b < 0, then f is a decreasing function
(c) (x) (–x) = 1 for all x R (d) (x) – f (–x) = 0 for all x R
57. Let the function : (0, ) R be defined by ( ) = (sin 2
+ cos ) + (sin – cos )4. Suppose the
function f has a local minimum at precisely when { 1 ,……, r }, where 0< 1 < ….. < r <
1. Then the value of 1 + ….. + r is. [JEE-Advanced 2020]

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

CHAPTER TEST
SECTION-I: STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 1 to 5. Each question has 4 choices
(A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY-ONE is correct.

x2 x2
1. Point 'A' lies on the curve y e and has the coordinate (x, e ) where x > 0. Point B has the
coordinates (x, 0). If 'O' is the origin then the maximum area of the triangle AOB is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2e 4e e 8e

2. The angle at which the curve y = kekx intersects the y-axis is :

(a) tan 1 k2 (b) cot 1 (k2) (c) sec 1 1 k4 (d) none

x
3. The angle between the tangent lines to the graph of the function f (x) = (2t 5) dt at the points
2

where the graph cuts the x-axis is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

6 4 3 2

4. The equation sin x + x cos x = 0 has at least one root in

3
(a) ,0 (b) (0, ) (c) , (d) 0,
2 2 2
tan x 6
5. The minimum value of is :
tan x

(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 3

SECTION-II: MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 6 to 10. Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.

6. The function f (x) = x1/3(x – 1)

(a) has 2 inflection points.
(b) is strictly increasing for x > 1/4 and strictly decreasing for x < 1/4.
(c) is concave down in (– 1/2, 0).
(d) Area enclosed by the curve lying in the fourth quadrant is 9/28.
x y K
7. If = 1 is a tangent to the curve x = Kt, y = , K > 0 then :
a b t
(a) a > 0, b > 0 (b) a > 0, b < 0 (c) a < 0, b > 0 (d) a < 0, b < 0

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

x
8. The function f(x) = 1 t 4 dt is such that :
0

(a) it is defined on the interval [ 1, 1] (b) it is an increasing function

(c) it is an odd function (d) the point (0, 0) is the point of inflection

x3 5 x2
9. The co-ordinates of the point(s) on the graph of the function, f(x) = + 7x – 4 where the
3 2
tangent drawn cut off intercepts from the co-ordinate axes which are equal in magnitude but
opposite in sign, is
(a) (2, 8/3) (b) (3, 7/2) (c) (1, 5/6) (d) none of these

a x sgn x a x sgn x
10. If f(x) = a ; g(x) = a for a > 0, a 1 and x R, where { } & [ ] denote the
fractional part and integral part functions respectively, then which of the following statements can
hold good for the function h(x), where (ln a) h(x) = (ln f(x) + ln g(x)).
(a) ‘h’ is even and increasing (b) ‘h’ is odd and decreasing
(c) ‘h’ is even and decreasing (d) ‘h’ is odd and increasing.

SECTION- III: LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

This section contains 1 Paragraphs. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice questions
have to be answered. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY
ONE is correct.

1
x
x ln 1 (1 x) if 0 x 1
Let f (x) = 1 (x > 0) and g (x) =
x
0 if x 0
11. lim g ( x )
x 0

(a) is equal to 0 (b) is equal to 1 (c) is equal to e (d) is non existent

12. The function f

(a) has a maxima but no minima (b) has a minima but no maxima
(c) has both a maxima and minima (d) is monotonic
1n
1 2 3 n
13. Lim f ·f ·f .........f equals
n n n n n
(a) 2e (b) 2e (c) 2 e (d) e

SECTION- IV: MATRIX MATCH TYPE

This Section contains 4 multiple choice questions. Each question has matching lists. The codes for
lists have choice (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE may be correct.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

14. Match the following columns (I) and (II).

Column-I Column-II
2 1
x x 2
4 2
A. The value of the definite integral dx equals (p) 0
2 1
( x 2 1)2
1
ln x
B. If f (x) = x , then, the number of value of x, for which f (x) = 0 is (q) 1
C. The cosine of the angle of intersection of curves f (x) = 2x ln x (r) 2
and g (x) = x2x – 1, is
D. If H is the number of horizontal tangents and V is the number of vertical (s) 3
tangents to the curve y3 – 3xy + 2 = 0, then the value of (H + V-2) equals

SECTION- V: INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

This section contains 8 questions. The answer to each of the question is a single digit integer,
ranging from 0 to 9. The bubble corresponding to the correct answer is to be darkened in the
ORS.

15. Let C be the curve y = x3 (where x takes all real values). The tangent at A meets the curve again at
B. If the gradient at B is K times the gradient at A then K is equal to
4 1
16. The least value of 'a' for which the equation, = a has atleast one solution on the
sin x 1 sin x
interval (0, /2) is

Min f (t ) : 0 t x ; 0 x 1 1 3
17. If f(x) = 4x3 x2 2x + 1 and g(x) = and g +g
3 x ; 1 x 2 4 4
5
+g has 2k, the value value of k equal to :
4
tan [ x]
2/3 ,x 0
18. Given: f (x) = 4
1
x g (x) = x
2
1 , x 0
h (x) = {x} k (x) = 5log2 ( x 3)

then in [0, 1], Lagranges Mean Value Theorem is NOT applicable to nubmer of function/s is/are
where [x] and {x} denotes the greatest integer and fraction part function.

19. If the function f (x) = x4 + bx2 + 8x + 1 has a horizontal tangent and a point of inflection for the
same value of x then the value of –b is equal to

20. The lower corner of a leaf in a book is folded over so as to just reach the inner edge of the page. The
fraction of width folded over if the area of the folded part is minimum is 3k, then k is:

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

21. A closed vessel tapers to a point both at its top E and its bottom F and is fixed with EF vertical
when the depth of the liquid in it is x cm, the volume of the liquid in it is, x2 (15 x) cu. cm. The
length EF is 2k, then k is:

22. Coffee is draining from a conical filter, height and diameter both 15 cms into a cylinderical coffee
pot diameter 15 cm. The rate at which coffee drains from the filter into the pot is 100 cu cm /min.

The rate in cms/min at which the level in the pot is rising at the instant when the coffee in the pot is
9 k
10 cm, is , then k is
4

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- 6.57 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

ANSWERS
Chapter Assignment
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a)
16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (c)

26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d)
36. (a,b) 37. (a,b) 38. (a,c) 39. (c,d) 40. (b,d)
41. (a,c) 42. (b,d) 43. (a,b,c) 44. (a,c,d) 45. (a,b)
46. (b) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (a)
51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(s)
55. A-(p),(q); B-(r),(s); C-(r),(q); D-(p),(s)
56. (1) 57. (1) 58. (4) 59. (0) 60. (1)
61. (2) 62. (6) 63. (8) 64. (6) 65. (3)

Chapter Assignment Hints

1. (a): |x –1| = 0 and f (x) = 0
dy
2. (d): Given 1
dx
3. (d): g (x) > 0 f (tan2x – tan x + 4) (2tan x –1) sec2x > 0
tan x > 1/2
4. (b): f (x) > 0, so minimum value is f (–2)
5. (a): f (x) = 0 x=1
2 1
6. (c): f (x) = . 0
3 ( x 1)2/3

7. (a):

y=e

y = 2– x

8. (a): lim f ( x) 5
x 1

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- 6.58 -
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

dy dy
9. (b): 2e 2 x 2x 2
dx dx x 0

dy dy dy 1
10. (a): sin( x y) 1 , given
dx dx dx 2
2
11. (a): f (–2) < 0 and f ' 0
3
dy
12. (a): g '( f ( x)) f '( x)
dx
dx
13. (b): 0
dy
dy
14. (d): Find for both equations.
dx
15. (a): f (x) > 0
16. (a): Let g (x) = f(x) dx
given g (0) = g(1) = 0
dy 1
17. (a): 1
dx 1 x 3

18. (c): f ´(x) = e(x – x2)(1 + x –2x2) > 0

2 x2
dy 1 d 1
19. (b): 2 x 2 log
dx x dx x
20. (c): f (k) > lim f ( x)
x k

3 > a2 – 1 |a| < 2.

21. (a): cos–1x > (cos–1x)2 cos–1x(1 – cos–1x) > 0.

22. (a): f ´(x) = sin (cos(sin x)) sin (sin x) cos x 0 in x [0, k]
so, maximum value is f ( /2)
23. (a): f ´(x) = ex(x –1) (x –2) (x – 3) = 0
dy
24. (b): For vertical tangent 0
dx
25. (c): Min (f (x)) = f (–b)
max (g(x)) = g(–c)
b
26. (a): Let f (x) = ax + , so, 2 ab c
x
n n 1
dy b x
27. (b):
dx a y
1 1 dy dy y
28. (b): 0
2 x 2 y dx dx x

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- 6.59 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

1 1
29. (c): ac a b2 a2
2 2
A

c b

B a C

30. (b): Given 3a – 4b + 4c – 12d = 0

ax 4 bx 3 cx 2
Let g (x) = f ( x )dx dx
4 3 2
g (0) = g(–1) = 0
1
31. (b): f (x) = 0 x =
4
x2 x 1 x2 x 1
32. (d): Let y , then find y
x2 x 1 x2 x 1
x
1 dy 1
33. (a): Let y log y = –x log x 0 x
x dx e
2
34. (a): Find f (x) = 0 cos 2 x
3
35. (d): f (x) = –3x2 + 8ax + 2 < 0 D<0
2 2(1 ( x 2 4 x 4)) 2( x 2 4 x 3)
36. (a,b): f ´(x) = 2x 4
x 2 x 2 x 2
37. (a,b): f ´(x) = (log x)2 + 2 log x
1
= log x (log x + 2) = 0 x = 1,
e2
38. (a,c) : x < x + 1 g (x) > g(x + 1) f (g (x)) > f (g(x + 1))
x 2
1 1 x 2
(x 2
1) / 2 2 x 3
39. (c,d): f ( x)
(x 2
1) / 3 3 x 4
17 / 4 x 4

40. (b,d): g´(x) > 0 f ´(x) > f ´(1 – x) x < 1 – x.

41. (a,c):

0 1

42. (b,d): f ´(x) = (x –1)p –1(x –2)q –1 (p(x –2) + q (x –1))

43. (a,b,c): f ´(x) = 5a5x4 + 4a4x3 + 3a3x2 + 2a2x + a1

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- 6.60 -
Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

f ´´(x) = 2a5x3 + 12a4x2 + 6a3x + 2a2

44. (a,c,d):

dy
x y
1 dy c dx
45. (a,b): 2x 2y
x2 y2 dx y
2
x2
1
x

f (b ) f (a )
46. (b): f = f (x) + A = 0 A 0
b a

47. (c): f (1) = f (3) 2a = 22 a = 11

48. (c): |x| is not differentiable at x = 0

49. (c):

50. (a): f (x) = 0 is 4 degree polynomial.

51. (a): f (x) = f (x) is also a 4 degree polynomial.

52. (a): f (x) = f (x) is a 3 degree polynomial.

53. (b):

54. A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(s)

ex e x
, x 0 2
A. f '( x) 2e x B. f '( x ) 2x 4
x 2
0, x 0

C. f '( x) e( x x2 )
(1 x 2 x2 ) D. 4 – x2 > 0 –2 < x < 2 and 1 – x > 0 x<1

55. A-(p),(q); B-(r),(s); C-(r),(q); D-(p),(s)

2
a b c dx
A. k B. Length of subtangent = |y| 1
sin A sin B sin C dy

dy dx dx
B. 4e2 x D. cos yesin y 1
dx dy dy (1,0)

56. (1): x2 + (2x – 5)2 – 6x – 6(2x – 5) – 10 = 0

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- 6.61 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Applications of Derivatives

5x2 – 38x + 45 = 0

57. (1): Put x = 0

2
10
58. (4): Let z = 12x2 +13
x

59. (0): f ´(x) = ex(cos x – sin x)

f ´´(x) = ex(cos x – sin x – sin x – cos x)
= –2sin x ex .

60. (1):

dy 3x2 3(4m 2 )2
61. (2): For x3 – y2 = 0 9m
dx 2y 2(8m 3 )

x2 y 2
62. (6): Given hyperbola, 1
24 18
3
Equation of tangent for slope = is
2
2
3 3
y= x 24 18
2 2

f (6) f (1)
63. (8): f '( x ) 2
6 1
d
64. (6): g ( x) ( f ( x) f '( x ))
dx
dy
65. (3): Given 2x b b 2
dx
Previous Year Questions
AIEEE/JEE-MAINS
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (d)

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Applications of Derivatives AICE (IIT-JEE)

26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (a)
36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (b)
46. (a) 47. (4.00) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (c)
51. (c) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (d)
56. (a) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (d)
61. (4) 62. (a) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (b)
66. (b) 67. (5.00) 68. (d) 69. (a) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (c)

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b, d) 10. (b, d)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (a, c) 14. (b) 15. (a)
16. (c, d) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (b,c) 22. 6 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (a)
26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c)
30. A-(p),(q),(r); B-(p),(s); C-(r),(s); D-(p),(q)
31. (d) 32. 9 33. (d) 34. (a,b,c,d) 35. (9)
36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (a,b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (8) 42. (a,d) 43. (b,d) 44. (4) 45. (c)
46. (a,d) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (d) 50. (a)
51. (a,b) 52. (b,c,d) 53. (c) 54. (1.00) 55. (5.00)
56. (a,c) 57. (0.50)

Chapter Test
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d)
6. (a,b,c,d) 7. (a,d) 8. (a,b,c,d) 9. (a,b) 10. (b,d)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. A-(r); B-(s); C-(p); D-(q)
15. (4) 16. (9) 17. (5) 18. (3) 19. (6)
20. (2) 21. (5) 22. (4)

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- 6.63 -
 7
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
7.1. INDEFINITE INTEGRATION AS REVERSE OF DIFFERENTIATION

If f and F are functions of x such that F (x) = f(x), then F (x) = f(x) (F (x) + C) = f (x)
f (x) dx = F (x) + C and the function F(x) is called as primitive of f (x) w.r.t. “x”.

Here “C” is constant of integration; f (x) is called the integrand and F(x) + C is called its indefinite
integral with respect to x.
d
so if (f(x)) = g (x)
dx

then g(x) dx = f (x) + c

d
e.g., (sin x) = cos x cos x dx = sin x + c
dx
d xn 1 xn 1
= xn x n dx c
dx n 1 n 1

7.1.1. STANDARD RESULTS

1 ( ax b )n 1
xn 1
( ax b )n dx c x n dx c, n 1
a n 1 n 1
1
dx ln | x | c , where x 0 e x dx e x c
x
ax
a x dx c ; a 1, a 0 sin xdx cos x c
ln a
cos x dx sin x c sec2 x dx tan x c

cosec2 x dx cot x c sec x tan xdx sec x c

1
cosec x cot x dx –cosec x c dx = sin–1 x + c
1 x2
1 1
dx = tan–1 x + c dx = sec–1 x + c
1 x2 | x | x2 1

7.1.2. PROPERTIES OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

[ f1 ( x) f 2 ( x)] dx f1 ( x) dx f 2 ( x)dx

kf ( x) dx k f ( x) dx , k is a constant.

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- 7.1-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Sample Problem-1:
Evaluate: 3 sin x cos x dx .

Solution: 3sin x cos x dx

= 3 sin x dx cos dx

= 3 cos x sin x c

= 2 cos x.cos sin x.sin c

6 6

= 2cos x c
6

If in illustration 1, we write 3 sin x cos x as 2 cos x , then what will be integral?

3

Sample Problem-2:
Evaluate: sec 2 (3 x 5)dx

Solution: We know that sec2 x dx tan x c

1
so sec 2 (3 x 5)dx tan(3 x 5) c
3

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.1:

1. Which one of the following is TRUE.

dx dx
(a) x . x ln | x | C (b) x . x ln | x | Cx
x x
1 1
(c) . cos x dx tan x C (d) . cos x dx x C
cos x cos x

2. Let g (x) be an antiderivative for f (x). Then ln (1 + (g(x))2) is an antiderivative for

2 f ( x ) g ( x) 2 f ( x) g ( x) 2 f ( x)
(a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d) none
1 f ( x) 1 g ( x) 1 f ( x)

3. A differentiable function satisfies 3f 2(x) f '(x) = 2x. Given f (2) = 1 then the value of f (3) is
3 3
(a) 24 (b) 6 (c) 6 (d) 2

4. Which of the following statements could be true if, f (x) = x1/3.

9 7/3 9 7/3
I. f (x) = x +9 II. f (x) = x 2
28 28
3 4/3 3 4/3
III. f (x) = x +6 IV. f (x)= x 4
4 4

(a) I only (b) III only (c) II & IV only (d) I & III only

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- 7.2-
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

( x 2)
5. dx is equal to
( x 1)2
1 1
(a) ln |x + 1| – C (b) ln |x + 1| – C
( x 1) ( x 1)2
1
(c) ln |x + 1| + C (d) none of these
( x 1)

2x 1
5x 1
6. dx is equal to
10 x
x x
1 1
2
5 1 2 log 2 x 1 log 5x 1
(a) C (b) C
1 5 1 log 2 log 5
log log
5 2
x 2
1 1
1 5 1 2
(c) C (d) none of these
2 1 5 1
log log
5 2

(1 x )3
7. dx is equal to
x
6 5/2 1 7/2 6 5/2 2 7/2
(a) 2 x 2x2 x x C (b) 2 x 2 x3/2 x x C
5 7 5 7
6 5/2 1 7/2
(c) 2 x 2 x x x x C (d) none of these
5 7

8. sec2x cosec2x dx equals

(a) tan x + cot x + C (b) cot x – tan x + C (c) tan x – cot x + C (d) none of these

cos3 x
9. sin 3 xdx A cos x C , then A is
12
(a) 3/4 (b) –3/4 (c) 1/4 (d) none of these

cos 2 x cos 2
10. dx is
cos x cos
(a) (sin x + cos ) + C (b) 2(sin x + x cos ) + C
(c) (sin x + x cos ) + C (d) none of these

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.1:

dx
1. (b): x . x (ln | x | C ) = x ln | x | + Cx
x

2. (b): Given f(x)dx = g(x) g (x) = f (x)

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- 7.3-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

d 2 g ( x) g '( x) 2 f ( x) g ( x)
now ln(1 g 2 ( x) = =
dx 1 g ( x)
2
1 g 2 ( x)

3. (b): Integrating both sides we gets f 3(x) = x2 + C ; f (2) = 1 C=–3

f 3(x) = x2 – 3 f 3(3) = 6 f (3) = 3
6

4. (d): f (x) = x1/3 f (x) = 3/4 x4/3 + C1 .....(1)

3 3 7/3 9 7/3
f (x) = x C1 x C2 = x C1x C2 I if C1 = 0
4 7 28

x 2 x 1 1
5. (a):
( x 1)2 ( x 1)2 ( x 1)2

x x
2x 1
5x 1
1 1 1
6. (a): 2
10 x 5 5 2

xn 1
7. (b): use x n dx C
n 1

8. (c): sec2x. cosec2x = sec2x + cosec2x

3sin x sin 3 x
9. (b): sin3x =
4

cos 2 x cos 2 (2cos 2 x 1) (2cos 2 1)

10. (b): dx dx = 2 (cos x + cos )dx
cos x cos (cos x cos )

7.2. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

It is not always possible to find the integral of a complicated function only by observation, so we
need some methods of integration and integration by substitution is one of them. This methods has
3 parts:
(i) Direct substitution (ii) Standard substitution (iii) Indirect substitution

7.2.1. Direct substitution

If f ( x)dx g ( x ) c , then in I = f ( h( x ))h ( x)dx ,

We put h(x) = t
h ( x)dx dt
So I = f (t )dt g (t ) c g (h ( x)) c

Sample Problem-3:
Evaluate: cot x dx .
cos x dx
Solution: I = cot x dx =
sin x

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- 7.4-
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Put sin x = t
cos x dx = dt
dt
So I = = ln | t | c
t
= ln | sin x | c

Sample Problem-4:
dx
Evaluate: .
2 x ( x 1)

Solution: Put x = t2 dx = 2t dt
dx 2t dt
So I = =
2 x ( x 1) 2t (t 2 1)
dt
= = tan–1 t + c
1 t2
= tan 1
x c

7.2.2. Standard Substitution

In some standard integrand or a part of it, we have standard substitution. List of standard
substitution is as follows :

Integrand Substitution
x +a
2 2
or x 2
a 2
x = a tan
x –a
2 2
or x 2
a 2
x = a sec
a2 – x2 or a 2
x 2
x = a sin or x = a cos
a x and a x x = a cos 2
n
x x2 a2 expression inside the bracket = t

2x 2x a2 x2
, , x = a tan
a 2
x 2
a 2
x 2
a2 x2
2x2 – 1 x = cos
1 x a
( n N, n 1) t
1
1
1
1
x b
(x a) n
( x b) n

x a
or ( x a)( b x ) x = a cos2 + b sin2
b x
x a
or ( x a)( x b ) x = a sec2 – b tan2
x b

Sample Problem-5:
dx
Evaluate: .
( x 3) ( x 4)17 /16 15/16

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- 7.5-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

dx
Solution: I =
( x 3)15/16 ( x 4)17 /16
dx
=
x 3
15/16

( x 4) 2
x 4
x 3 ( x 4) ( x 3)
Put t dx dt
x 4 ( x 4)2
dx dt
( x 4) 2 7
1 dt 1
So I = t 15/16
dt
7 t 15/16 7
16 1/16
= t c
7
16 x 3
1/16

= c
7 x 4

Sample Problem-6:
dx
Evaluate: 5/3
.
x x2 4

dx
Solution: I = 5/3
x x2 4

Put x x2 4 t
x
1 dx dt x x2 4 t x2 4 t x
x 2
4
2 2
t2 4 t2 4 t 4 16 8t 2 16t 2 t2 4
x x2 – 4 = 4= =
2t 2t 4t 2
2t
t2 4 1 1
so I = dt t 5/3
dt 2 t 11/3
dt
2t 2 t 5/3 2
1 t 2/3 t 8/3 3
= 2 c t 8/3
[1 t 2 ] c
2 2/3 8/3 4
Where t x x2 4

7.2.3. Indirect Substitution

If integrand f(x) can be rewritten as product of two functions. f(x) = f1(x) f2(x), where f2(x) is a
function of integral of f1(x), then put integral of f 1(x) = t.

Sample Problem-7:
x
Evaluate: dx .
4 x3

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- 7.6-
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

x x dx
Solution: I = dx
4 x 3
4 x3
2 3/ 2
Here integral of x x and 4 – x3 = 4 – (x3/2)2
3
2
Put x3/2 = t x dx dt
3
2 dt
So I
3 4 t2
2 x 3/ 2
= sin 1
c
3 2

Sample Problem-8:

Evaluate: (cos x sin x ) (3 4sin 2 x) dx .

Solution: I = (cos x sin x) (3 4sin 2 x) dx

Here integration of cos x – sin x = sin x + cos x

and 3 + 4 sin 2x = 3 + 4((sin x + cos x)2 – 1)

Put sin x + cos x = 1

= (cos x – sin x)dx = dt

So I = (3 4(t 2 1) dt
t 2
= [4t 3] c
3
sin x cos x
= [4(sin x cos x) 2 3]
3
sin x cos x
= (1 4sin 2 x ) c
3

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.2:
x2
1. Consider f(x) = ; g(t) = f(t)dt.. If g(1) = 0 then g(x) equals
1 x3
1 1 1 x3 1 1 x3 1 1 x3
(a) ln(1 x3 ) (b) ln (c) ln (d) ln
3 3 2 2 3 3 3

ln (6 x 2 )
2. Evaluate the integral : dx
x
1 1 1 1
(a) [ln(6 x 2 )]3 + C (b) [ln(6 x 2 )]2 + C (c) [ln(6 x 2 )] + C (d) [ln(6 x 2 )]4 + C
8 4 2 16

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- 7.7-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

2
3. Primitive of f (x) = x ·2ln ( x 1)
w.r.t. x is
2
2 ln( x 2 1)
( x 2 1)2ln( x 1)
(a) +C (b) +C
2( x 2 1) ln 2 1
( x 2 1)ln 2 1 ( x 2 1)ln 2
(c) +C (d) +C
2(ln 2 1) 2(ln 2 1)
1 x
4. Let f (x) = ln x then its primitive w.r.t. x is
x e
1 x 1 1 2 ex
(a) e – ln x + C (b) ln x – ex + C (c) ln x – x + C (d) +C
2 2 2 2x

5. sec2 (sec tan ) 2 d

(sec tan )
(a) [2 tan (sec tan )] C
2
(sec tan )
(b) [2 4 tan (sec tan )] C
3
(sec tan )
(c) [2 tan (sec tan )] C
3
3(sec tan )
(d) [2 tan (sec tan )] C
2

x x
6. If 1 sin dx = A sin , then value of A is:
2 4 4
1
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) 4 2
2

( x 2 1) dx
7. = ln | f (x) | + C then f (x) is
x2 1
(x 4
3x 2
1) tan 1
x
1 1 1 1
(a) ln x (b) tan–1 x (c) cot–1 x (d) ln tan 1
x
x x x x
sin ln (2 2 x )
8. The value of the integral dx is
x 1
2 2 2
(a) – cos ln (2x + 2) + C (b) ln sin + C (c) cos +C (d) sin +C
x 1 x 1 x 1

1
9. dx =
x log x

(a) log |logx| + A (b) (log x)2 + A (c) (log x)–1 + A (d) none of these

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- 7.8-
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

ln | x |
10. dx equals :
x 1 ln | x |
2 2
(a) 1 ln x (ln x 2) + c (b) 1 ln x (ln x + 2) + c
3 3
1
(c) 1 ln x (ln x 2) + c (d) 2 1 ln x (3 ln x 2) + c
3

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.2:

dt
1. (b): Put 1 + x3 = t x2dx =
3

2. (b): Put ln(6x2) = t

2 dt
3. (c): I = x 2ln ( x 1)
dx let x2 + 1 = t ; x dx =
2
1 ln t 1 ln 2 1 t ln 2 1 1 ( x 2 1)ln 2 1
Hence I = 2 dt t dt · +C= · +C
2 2 2 ln 2 1 2 ln 2 1
1 x 1
4. (c): ln x dx (ln x ln e x ) dx
x e x
ln x x 1 1 1
= dx ln x dx x dx (put ln x = u ; dx du )
x x x x
1
= u dx 1dx (ln x)2 – x + C
2

5. (c): put sec + tan =t

x x x x
6. (d): 1 sin cos sin 2 cos
2 4 4 4 4
x
Now put t
4 4

1 1
1 1 dx
x2 x2 dx
7. (b): dx = 2
1 1
x2 3 tan 1
x x
1
1 tan 1
x
1
x2 x x x
1
8. (a): ln 2(1 + x) = t ; dx =dt
1 x

9. (a): Substitute log x = t.

10. (a): Substitute 1 + ln |x| = t

7.3. INTEGRATION BY PARTS

If integrand can be expressed as product of two functions, then we use the following formula.
f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x)dx f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x) f1 ( x ) f 2 ( x)dx )dx , where f1(x) and f2(x) are known as first and

second function respectively.

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- 7.9-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Remarks :
(i) We do not put constant of integration in 1st integral, we put this only once in the end.
(ii) Order of f1(x) and f2(x) is normally decided by the rule ILATE, where I Inverse,
L Logarithms, A Algebraic, T Trigonometric and E Exponential.

Sample Problem-9:
Evaluate: x 2 sin x dx .

Solution: x 2 sin x dx

= x 2 sin x dx (2 x sin x dx)dx

= x 2 cos x 2[ x cos x dx (1 cos x dx) dx

= – x2 cos x + 2x sin x – 2 cos x + c

Sample Problem-10:
2x 2
Evaluate: sin 1
dx .
4 x 2 8 x 13
2x 2
Solution: I = sin 1
dx
4 x 2 8 x 13

1 2x 2 1 2x 2
Here sin = sin
4x 2
8 x 13 (2 x 2) 2 9

Put 2x + 2 = 3 tan
3
dx = sec2 d
2
2x 2 3 tan
Also = = sin
(2 x 2) 92 3sec
3
So I = sec 2 d
2
3 3
= sec 2 (1 sec2 d )d [ tan ln(cos )] c
2 2
3 2x 3 2x 2 3
= tan 1
ln c
2 3 3 4x 2
8x 13

7.3.1. Special use of Integration by PARTS

(i) f ( x) dx ( f ( x )).1dx

Now integrate taking f(x) as 1st function and 1 as 2nd function.

f ( x) f ( x) g ( x)
(ii) dx . dx
g ( x) n g ( x) g ( x1 ) n
f ( x) g ( x)
Now integrate taking as 1st function and as 2nd function.
g ( x) g ( x1 ) n

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- 7.10 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

(iii) If integrand is of the form ex f(x), then rewrite f(x) as sum of two functions in which one is
derivative of other.
e x f ( x )dx e x ( g ( x) g ( x))dx = ex g(x) + c

Sample Problem-11:
Evaluate: ln x dx .
1
Solution: I = ln x dx = (ln x .1) dx = ln x. x – .x dx
x
= x ln x – x + c = x(ln x –1) + c

Sample Problem-12:
x2
Evaluate: .
( x sin x cos x) 2
x2 x cos x
Solution: I = = x.sec x dx
( x sin x cos x) 2
( x sin x cos x) 2
x sec x
= tan x c
x sin x cos x

Sample Problem-13:
x 1
2

Evaluate: e x dx .
x2 1
x 1 x2 2 x 1
2

Solution: I = =
x2 1 ( x 2 1)2
1 2x
=
( x 1)2
( x 1)2 2

1 2x
Here derivative of 2 is 2
x 1 ( x 1)2
x 1 ex
2

So ex dx = c
x2 1 ( x 2 1)

7.4. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

f ( x)
When integrand is a rational function i.e. of the form , where f(x) and g(x) are the
g ( x)
polynomials functions of x, we use the method of partial fraction.
1 1 1
For example we can rewrite and .
(3 x 1) (3 x 2) 3(3 x 1) 3(3 x 2)
If degree of f(x) is less then degree of g(x) and g(x) = ( x a1 ) 1 ..........( x 2 b1 x c1 ) 1 ......... , then we
f ( x) A1 A2 A1
can put = ........ ........
g ( x) ( x a1 ) ( x a1 ) 2
( x a1 ) 1
B1 x C1 B2 x C2 B1 C1
........ .........
( x b1 x c1 )
2
( x b1 x c1 ) 2
2
(x 2
b1 x c1 ) 1

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- 7.11 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Here A1, A2,........., A 1 ............, B1, B2............. B 1 ..........C1, C2 ...... C 1 ..............are the real
constants and these can be calculated by reducing both sides of the above equation as identity in
polynomial form and then by comparing the coefficients of like powers. The constants can also be
obtained by putting some suitable numerical values of x in both sides of the identity.
If degree of f(x) is more than or equal to degree of g(x), then divide f(x) by g(x) so that the
remainder has degree less than of g(x).

Sample Problem-14:
dx
Evaluate: .
( x 1)( x 2) ( x 3)
1 A B C
Solution: Put =
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3) ( x 1) ( x 2) ( x 3)

1 = A (x – 2) (x – 3) + B (x – 1) (x – 3) + C (x – 1) (x – 2)
1
Put x = 1, we get, A =
2
x = 2, we get, B = – 1
1
x = 3, we get, C =
2
1 dx dx 1 dx x2 4 x 3
So integral = = ln c
2 x 1 x 2 2 x 3 | x 2|

Sample Problem-15:
dx
Evaluate: .
( x 2) ( x 2 1)
1 A Bx C
Solution: Let =
( x 2) ( x 1)
2
x 2 ( x 2 1)

1 = A(x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x + 2)
1
Put x = – 2, we get A =
5
Now compare the coefficients of x2 and constant term we get 0 = A + B and 1 = A + 2C
1 2
B ,C
5 5
1 dx 1 x 2 dx
So I = dx
5 x 2 5 x2 1 5 x2 1
1 1 2
= ln | x 2 | ln( x 2 1) tan 1 x C
5 10 5

Sample Problem-16:
x 4 dx
Evaluate: .
( x 1) ( x 1) 2

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- 7.12 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Solution: Here degree of numerator is more than the degree of denominator so first we have to divide it
to reduce it to proper fraction.
x4 2 x2 1
= ( x 1)
( x 1)( x 1) 2 ( x 1)( x 1) 2
2 x2 1 A B C
Put =
( x 1)( x 1) 2
( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) 2
2x2 – 1 = A(x + 1)2 + B(x – 1) (x + 1) + C(x – 1)
1
Put x = 1, we get A =
2
1
Put x = – 1, we get C = –
2
Comparing the coefficient of x2, we get
3
2=A+B B=
2
1 dx 3 dx 1 dx
So I = ( x 1)dx
2 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2 ( x 2) 2
x2 1 3 1
= x n | x 1| n | x 1| C
2 2 2 2( x 2)

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.3 & 7.4:

1. etan x (sec x – sin x)dx is equal to

(a) etan x cos x + C (b) etan x sin x + C (c) –etan x cos x + C (d) etan x sec x + C
2. xe x cos xdx f ( x) c, then f (x) equal to

ex ex
(a) – {(1 x)sin x x cos x} c (b) {(1 x)sin x x cos x} c
2 2
ex
(c) {(1 x)sin x x cos x} c (d) none of these
2
xe x
3. If dx f ( x) 1 e x 2log g ( x ) C , , then
x
1 e

1 ex 1
(a) f(x) = x – 1 (b) g(x) =
x
1 e 1

1 ex 1
(c) g(x) = (d) none of these
1 ex 1

4. sin 2x . log cos x dx is equal to

1
(a) cos2 x logcos x k (b) cos2x . log cos x + k
2
1
(c) cos2 x log cos x k (d) none of these
2

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- 7.13 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

5. x log (1 + x2)dx = (x). log (1 + x2) + (x) + C, then

1 x 2
1 x2 1 x2
(a) ( x) (b) ( x) (c) ( x) (d) none of these
2 2 2

2x
6. sin–1 dx is equal to
1 x2

(a) x tan–1x – ln |sec (tan–1x)| + C (b) x tan–1x + ln |sec (tan–1x)| + C

(c) x tan–1x – ln |cos(tan–1x)| + C (d) none of these
1
x
7. e tan (1 x x 2 ) dx (cot–1x) is equal to
1 1 1 1
x x x x
(a) e tan C (b) etan C (c) xe tan C (d) xe tan C

2 tan x
8. ex cot 2 x dx is equal to
1 tan x 4

(a) ex tan x C (b) ex tan x C

4 4
3
(c) ex tan x C (d) none of these
4

1
9. x log 1 dx f ( x) log( x 1) g ( x) x 2 Ax C , then
x
1 2
(a) f (x) = x (b) g(x) = log x (c) A = 1 (d) none of these
2

10. If Im, n = cosmx sin nx dx, then 7 I4, 3 – 4I3, 2 is equal to

(a) constant (b) –cos2x + C (c) –cos4x cos 3x+ C (d) cos 7x–cos 4x + C

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.3 & 7.4:

1. c):
2. a): Integrate by parts, by taking x as Ist function and ex cos x as IInd function.
3. b): Put 1 + ex = t x = ln (t – 1) and integrate by parts.
4. c): Integrate by parts by taking log cos x as Ist function and sin 2x as IInd function.
5. a): Put 1 + x2 = t and integrate log t by parts.
6. d): Put x = tan dx = sec2x d .
1
x 1 1
x x
7. c): I = etan (1 x x2 ) dx e tan 1 dx
1 x2 1 x2
2 tan x
8. b): I = ex tan 2 x dx e x tan x sec 2 x dx
1 tan x 4 4 4

9. d): Integrate by parts.

10. c): Integrate by Parts.

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- 7.14 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

7.5. ALGEBRAIC INTEGRALS

Using the technique of standard substitution and integration by parts, we can derive the following
formula :
dx 1 x dx 1 x a
tan 1 c ln c
a2 x2 a a x2 a2 2a x a
dx x dx
sin 1
c ln x x2 a2 c
a 2
x 2 a x 2
a2
dx
ln x x2 a2 c
x 2
a2
x 2 a2 x
a2 x 2 dx a x2 sin 1 c
2 2 a
x 2 a2
x2 a 2 dx x a2 ln x x2 a2
2 2
x 2 a2
x2 a 2 dx x a2 ln x x2 a2
2 2

7.5.1. Integral of the form

dx dx
, , ax 2 bx c dx
ax bx c
2
ax bx c
2

b 4 ac b 2 b
2

Here in each case write ax2 + bx + c = a x put x t and use the standard
2a 4a 2a
formulae.

Sample Problem-17:
dx
Evaluate: .
x 2
4x 6

Solution: – x2 + 4x + 6 = – (x2 – 4x + 4) + 10 = 10 – (x – 2)2

dx
I= Put x – 2 = t dx = dt
10 ( x 2) 2
dt t
I= = sin 1
c
10 t 2
10
x 2
= sin 1
c
10

Sample Problem-18:
Evaluate: 3x 2 6 x 10 dx .

Solution: 3 x2 – 6x + 10 = 3(x – 1)2 + 7

Put x – 1 = t
dx = dt

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- 7.15 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

7
I = 3 t2 dt
3
t 2 7 7 7
= 3 t ln t t2 c
2 3 6 3

where t = x – 1

7.5.2. Integrals of the Form

(ax b)dx ( ax b )dx
, , ( ax b) cx 2 ex f dx
cx ex f
2 cx 2 ex f

Here write ax + b = A(2cx + e) + B

Find A and B by comparing, the coefficients of x and constant term.

Sample Problem-19:
(3 x 5) dx
Evaluate: .
x2 4 x 3

Solution: Write 3x + 5 = A(2x + 4) + B

3
A= , B=–1
2
3 2x 4 dx
So I =
2 x 4x 3
2
x 4x 3
2

In 1st integral put x2 + 4x + 3 = t

(2x + 4)dx = dt
3 dt dx
I=
2 t ( x 2) 2 1
= 3 x2 4 x 3 ln ( x 2) x2 4x 3 c

7.5.3. Integrals of the Form

(ax 2 bx c) dx (ax 2 bx c)dx
, , (ax 2 bx c) (ex 2 fx g ) dx
(ex 2 fx g ) (ex 2 fx g )

Here put ax2 + bx + c = A(ex2 + fx + g) + B(2ex + f) + c find the values of A, B and C by comparing
the coefficients of x2, x and constant term.

Sample Problem-20:
(x2 4 x 7)
Evaluate: .
x 2
x 1
Solution: Let x2 + 4x + 7 = A(x2 + x + 1) + B(2x + 1) + C
Comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we get
A = 1, A + 2B = 4, A + B + C = 7

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- 7.16 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

3 9
A = 1, B = ,C=
2 2
3 (2 x 1) dx 9 dx
So I = x2 x 1 dx
2 x 2
x 1 2 x 2
x 1
2 2
1 3
Now x2 + x + 1 = x
2 2

1
x
2 3 1
I= x2 x 1 ln x x2 x 1
2 8 2

9 1
3 x2 x 1 ln x x2 x 1 c
2 2

7.5.4. Integrals of the Form

dx 1
. Here ax b .
( ax b) ex 2
fx g t

Sample Problem-21:
dx
Evaluate: .
( x 2) x 2 4x 8
1 dt
Solution: Put x 2 dx
t t2

Now x2 + 4x + 8 = (x + 2)2 + 4
dt dt
So I = =
t
1
4 1 4t 2
t2

1 dt 1 1
= = ln t t2 c
2 1 2 4
t2
4

1 1 1 1
= ln c
2 x 2 ( x 2) 2
4

7.5.5. Integrals of the Form

( ax b)dx
. Here put (ax + b) = A(cx + d) + B, find the values of A and B by
(cx d ) ex 2 fx g

comparing the coefficients of x and constant term.

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- 7.17 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Sample Problem-22:
(4 x 7)
Evaluate: .
( x 2) x 2 4x 8
Solution: Let 4x + 7 = A(x + 2) + B
A = 4, B = – 1
dx dx
So I = 4
x 2
4x 8 ( x 2) x 2 4x 8
1 1 1 1
= 4 ln x 2 x2 4x 8 ln c
2 x 2 ( x 2) 2 4

7.5.6. Integrals of the Form

( ax 2 bx c)dx
. Here put ax2 + bx + c = A(ex + f) (2gx + h) + B(ex + f) + C, find the
(ex f ) gx 2 hx i
values of A, B and C by comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant term.

Sample Problem-23:
2x2 7 x 11
Evaluate: .
( x 2) x 2 4x 8
Solution: Put 2x2 + 7x + 11 = A(x + 2) (2x + 4) + B(x + 2) + C
Compare the coefficient of x2, x and constant term, we get
A = 1, 7 = 8 A + B, C + 2B + 8A = 11 B = – 1, C = 5
2x 4 dx dx
So I = 5
x 4x 8
2
x 4x 8
2
( x 2) x 2 4x 8
5 1 1 1
= 2 x2 4 x 8 ln ( x 2) x2 4x 8 ln c
2 ( x 2) ( x 2) 2
4

7.5.7. Integrals of the Form

x dx
, here put cx2 + e = t2.
( ax b) (cx 2 e)
2

Sample Problem-24:
x dx
Evaluate: .
(2 x 2
3) x 2 1
Solution: Put x2 – 1 = t2
x dx = t dt
t dt dt 1 dt
So I =
(2t 2
5)t 2t 2
5 2 t2 5
2
1 2 2
= tan 1
x 1 c
10 5

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- 7.18 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

7.5.8. Integrals of the Form

dx 1
. Here 1st put x = and then the expression inside the square root as y2.
( ax b) (cx e)
2 2 t

Sample Problem-25:
dx
Evaluate: .
(x 2
5) 2 x 2 3
1
Solution: Put x =
t
dt
dx =
t2
dt t dt
So I = =
t2
1
5
2
3 (1 5t ) 2 3t 2
2

t2 t2
Put 2 – 3t2 = y2
y dy
– t dt =
3
1 y dy 1 y 13 / 5
So I = ln C
3 13 5 y 2
5 y 13 / 5
y
3

7.5.9. Integrals of the Type

x m (a bx n ) p dx( p 0) . Here we have the following cases.

Case I : If p is a natural number, then expand (a + bxn)p by binomial theorem and integrate.
Case II : If p is a negative integer and m and n are rational number, put x = t k, when k is the LCM
of denominators of m and n.
m 1
Case III : If is an integer and p is rational number, put (a + bxn) = tk, when k is the
n
denominator of p.
m 1 a bx n
Case IV : If +p is an integer, put t k , where k is the denominator of p.
n xn

Sample Problem-26:
2 2 1

Evaluate: x 3 1 x3 .

Solution: Here p = – 1, is a negative integer and m and n are rational numbers.

Put x = t3
dx = 3t2 dt
3 dt
So I = t 2 (1 t 2 ) 1 3t 2 dt = 3tan 1 ( x1/3 ) c
1 t2

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- 7.19 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Sample Problem-27:
1 1 1/ 4
Evaluate: x 3 1 x3 dx .

1 1 1
Solution: Here m = ,n= ,p=
3 3 4
m 1
2 , which is an integer
n
So (1 + x1/3) = t4
dx
4t 3dt
3 x 2/3
4 5/4
I = 12 (t 4 1)t 4 dt = 1 x1/3 [4 9 x1/3 ] c
15

Sample Problem-28:
Evaluate: x 11
(1 x 4 ) 1/2
dx .

1
Solution: Here m = – 11, m = 4, p =
2
m 1 10 1
p 3 , which is an integer.
n 4 2
1 x4
So put t2
x 4

1 4
1 4 t2 dx 2t dt
x x5
dx 1 2 1
So I = (t 1) 2 . .2t dt
1
1/2
4 t
x13 1
x4
1 4 t5 t3 t
= (t 2t 2 1) dt = c
2 10 3 2
1
Where t = 1 .
x4

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.5:
p 2q 1
px qx q 1
1. The evaluation of dx is
x2 p 2q
2x p q
1
xp xq xq xp
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
xp q
1 xp q
1 xp q
1 xp q
1
1
2 x2 3x 3
2. The value of dx is :
0
( x 1) ( x 2 2 x 2)

(a) + 2 ln 2 tan 1 2 (b) + ln4 + cot 1 2

4 4
(c) 2 ln2 cot 1 3 (d) all of these

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- 7.20 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1 x7
3. dx equals :
x(1 x7 )
2 2
(a) ln x + ln (1 + x7) + C (b) ln x ln (1 x7) + C
7 7
2 2
(c) ln x ln (1 + x7) + C (d) ln x + ln (1 x7) + C
7 7
ln | x |
4. dx equals :
x 1 ln | x |
2 2
(a) 1 ln | x | (ln x 2) + C (b) 1 ln | x | (ln x + 2) + C
3 3
1
(c) 1 ln | x | (ln x 2) +C (d) 2 1 ln | x | (3 ln x 2) + C
3

3x 4 1
5. Primitive of w.r.t. x is :
(x 4
x 1) 2
x x x 1 x 1
(a) +C (b) + C (c) +C (d) +C
x 4
x 1 x 4
x 1 x 4
x 1 x 4
x 1

x4 1 B
6. If dx = A ln x + + C, where C is the constant of integration then :
x x2 1
2
1 x2

(a) A = 1 ; B = 1 (b) A = 1; B = 1 (c) A = 1; B = 1 (d) A = 1; B = 1

(2 x 1)
7. dx
(x 2
4 x 1)3/2
x3 x
(a) C (b) C
(x 2
4 x 1) 1/2
(x 2
4 x 1)1/2
x2 1
(c) C (d) C
( x2 4 x 1)1/2 ( x 2 4 x 1)1/2

x2 2
8. dx is equal to
x4 4
1 x2 2 1
(a) tan 1
C (b) tan 1
( x2 2) C
2 2x 2
1 2x 1 x2 2
(c) tan 1
C (d) tan 1
C
2 x 2
2 2 2x

dx
9. If = A{ln (p)6 + 9p2 – 2p3 – 18p} + c, then
x 22 ( x 7 6)
1 x7 6 1 x7 6
(a) A , p (b) A ,p
9072 x7 54432 x7
1
1 x7 1 x7 6
(c) A ,p (d) A , p
54432 x7 6 9072 x7

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- 7.21 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

(x x 2/3 x1/6 )
10. I dx is equal to
x(1 x1/3 )
3 2/3 3 2/3
(a) x 6 tan 1 x1/6 c (b) x 6 tan 1 ( x1/6 ) c
2 2
3 2/3
(c) x tan 1 ( x1/6 ) c (d) none of these
2

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.5:

p 2q 1
px qx q 1
px p 1
qx q 1
1. (c): dx dx
(x p q
1) 2 (x p x q )2
taking xq as x2q common from Denominator and take it in Nr ]

2. (d): Numerator = 2 (x2 + 2 x + 2) (x + 1)

dx x6
3. (c): I = dx
x 1 x7 1 x7

4. (a): Start : ln | x | = t
1 t dt
dx = dt
x 1 t

3 x4 1 3 x2 x 2
5. (b): =
1 2 1 2
x 2 x3 1 x x3 1 x

6. (c): add and subtract x2 in the numerator

2x 1 2x 1 2x 2
x 3
7. (b): dx = dx = dx
( x2 4 x 1) 3/2
4 1
3/2
4 1
3/2
x3 1 1
x x2 x x2
1 4
now put 1 t2
x 2 x

2
1
x2 2 x2
8. (d): dx = dx
x4 4 2
2
x 4
x
2
Now put x – =t
x

dx
9. (b): I
6
x 29
1
x7
6 42 6
Let 1 p dx dp and x 7
x7 x8 1 p

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.22 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1 (1 p )3 1 1 p3 3 p 3 p 2
I dp dp
42 (6)3 p (42) (216) p
1
[lnp6 + 9p2 – 2p3 – 18p] + c
54432
10. (a): Substituting x = p6, dx = 6p5 dp, we have
6 p5 ( p6 p 4 p) 6( p 5 p 3 1) 6
I dp dp 6 p 3dp dp
p (1 p )
6 2
( p 2 1) p 2
1
6 p4 3 2/3
= 6 tan 1
p x 6 tan 1 ( x1/6 ) c
4 2

7.6. TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS :

7.6.1. Integrals of the Form :
f (sin x, cos x)
dx R (sin x, cos x )dx , where f and g both are polynomials in sin x and cos x.
g (sin x,cos x )
x
2 tan
x 2
Here we can convert them in algebraic by putting tan t after writing sin x = and
2 x
1 tan 2
2
x
1 tan 2
cos x = 2.
2 x
1 tan
2
Some time instead of putting the above substitution we go for below procedure.
(i) If R(– sin x, cos x) = – R(sin x, cos x), put cos x = t
(ii) If R(sin x, – cos x) = R(sin x, cos x) put tan x = t
(iii) If R(–sin x, cos x) = R(sin x, cos x) put tan x = t

Sample Problem-29:
dx
Evaluate: .
sin x(2 cos 2 x 1)
1
Solution: Here R(sin x, cos x) =
sin x (2 cos 2 x 1)
1
R(–sin x, cos x) = = – R(sin x, cos x)
sin x (2 cos 2 x 1)
So we put cos x = t – sin x dx = dt
sin dx dt
I= =
(1 cos x) (2 cos 2 x 1)
2
(t 2
1) (2t 2 1)
dt dt
= 2
t 2
1 2t 2 1
1 cos x 1 1 2 cos x 1
= ln ln C
2 cos x 1 2 2 cos x 1

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.23 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Sample Problem-30:
cos x dx
Evaluate: .
sin x(sin x cos x)
2

cos x dx
Solution: Here R(sin x, cos x) =
sin x(sin x cos x)
2

R(– sin x, – cos x) = R(sin x, cos x)

So put tan x = t sec2 x dx = dt

cos x sec 2 x dx dt
I= =
sec 2 x sin 2 x(sin x cos x) t (1 t )
2

1 A B C
Let
t 2 (1 t ) t t2 (1 t )

or 1 = At(1 + t) + B(1 + t) + ct2

Put t = 0, we get B = 1, put t = –1, we get C = 1

compare the coefficients of t2, we get 0 = A + C A=–1

dt dt dt
So I =
t t2 1 t
1 tan x
= ln cot x c
tan x

7.6.2. Integrals of the Form :

p sin x q cos x r
dx ,
a sin x b cos x c

here put p sin x + q cos x + r = A(a sin x + b cos x + c) + B(a cos x – b sin x) + C values of A, B
and C can be obtained by comparing the coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term by this

technique. The given integral becomes sum of 3 integrals in which 1st two are very easy in 3rd we
x
can put tan t.
2

Sample Problem-31:
(5sin x 6) dx
Evaluate: .
sin x 2cos x 3
Solution: Let 5 sin x + 6 = A(sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + B(cos x – 2 sin x) + C
Equating the coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term, we get

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- 7.24 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

A 2B = 5
2A+ B = 0 A = 1, B = –2, C = 3
3A+ C = 6

(cos x 2sin x) dx dx
I= dx 2 3 x 2 ln | sin x 2cos x 3 | 3
sin x 2cos x 3 sin x cos x 3
1

x x
Put tan t sec2 dx 2dt
2 2
x
1 tan
2dt 2dt t 1 2
So = = tan 1
C = tan 1
C
t2 2t 5 (t 1) 2 4
1
2 2

7.6.3. Integrals of the Form :

p q 2
sin p x cos q x dx , Where p and q are rational number such that is a negative integer,
2
then put tan x = t or cot x = t.

Sample Problem-32:
Evaluate: sin 7/5
x cos 3/5
x dx .

7 3
Solution: Here p = ,q=
5 5
p q 2
2
2
cos 3/5 x
I= sin 7/5
x cos 3/5
x dx = dx
sin 3/5 x sin 2 x

= (cot x) 3/5
cosec2 x dx

Put cot x = t cosec2 x = – dt

5
So I = t 3/5
dt = (cot x ) 2/5 c
2

7.7. SUCCESSIVE REDUCTION IN INTEGRATION

Sometimes the integrand is a function of x as well as on n(n N), then we use this method.

Sample Problem-33:
If In = tann x dx, then prove that (n – 1) (In + In–2) = tann–1 x.

Solution: Here In = tan n x dx tan n 2

x tan 2 x dx

= tann–2 x (sec2 x – 1) dx

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.25 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

= tann–2 x sec2 xdx – tann–2 x dx

= tann–2 x sec2 x dx – In–2

tan n 1 x
In I n
n 1
2

Hence (n – 1) (In + In–2) = tann–1x.

Sample Problem-34:
dx 1 x dx
Prove that (2n 3) , n N . Hence, compute the
(1 x 2 )n 2( n 1) (1 x 2 ) n 1
(1 x 2 )n 1

1
value of dx .
(1 x 2 ) 2
dx 1 n
Solution: If In = = .x – .2 x.x dx
(1 x 2 ) n (1 x 2 ) n (1 x 2 ) n 1

x x2 1 1 x
= 2 n
2n 2 n 1
dx = 2n [In – In+1]
(1 x ) (1 x ) (1 x 2 ) n
x
= 2n In+1 = (2n – 1) In +
(1 x 2 )n

replace n n–1
x
2(n – 1) In = (2n – 3) In–1 +
(1 x 2 )n 1

1 x dx
In = (2n 3) ,n N
2(n 1) (1 x 2 ) n 1
(1 x 2 ) n 1

Now, put n = 2
dx 1 x
tan 1 x c
(1 x 2 ) 2 2 1 x2

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.6 & 7.7:

cos3 x cos5 x
1. dx
sin 2 x sin 4 x

(a) sin x 6 tan 1 (sin x) + c (b) sin x 2 sin 1 x + c

(c) sin x 2 (sin x) 1 6 tan 1 (sin x) + c (d) sin x 2 (sin x) 1 + 5 tan 1 (sin x) + c

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.26 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

dx x
2. = tan 1 m tan + C then :
5 4cos x 2

(a) = 2/3 (b) m = 3 (c) = 1/3 (d) m = 2/3

3. If In = (ln x)n dx, then In + nIn –1

(ln x)n
(a) (b) x (ln x)n –1 (c) x (ln x)n (d) none of these
x
2sin x
4. dx is equal to
(3 sin 2 x )
1 2 sin x cos x 1 sin x cos x
(a) ln tan 1
c
2 2 sin x cos x 2 2
1 2 sin x cos x 1 sin x cos x
(b) ln tan 1
c
2 2 sin x cos x 2 2
1 2 sin x cos x 1 sin x cos x
(c) ln tan 1
c
4 2 sin x cos x 2 2
(d) none of these

cos 4 x 1
5. dx is equal to
cot x tan x
1 1 1 1
(a) ln | sec 2 x | cos 2 2 x c (b) ln | sec 2 x | cos 2 2 x c
2 4 2 4
1 1 1 1
(c) ln | cos 2 x | cos 2 2 x c (d) ln | cos 2 x | cos 2 2 x c
2 4 2 4

3sin x 2cos x
6. If dx ax b ln |2 sin x + 3 cos x| + C, then
3cos x 2sin x
12 15 7 6 12 15 7 6
(a) a ,b (b) a ,b (c) a ,b (d) a ,b
13 39 13 13 13 39 13 13

dx
7. If I = , then I equals
sec x cosec x '
1 1
(a) cos x sin x log(cosec x cos x) C
2 2

1 1
(b) sin x cos x log | cosec x cot x | C
2 2

1 1
(c) sin x cos x log | cosec x cot x | C
2 2
1 1
(d) [sin x cos x] log | cosec( x / 4) cot( x / 4) | C
2 2

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.27 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

sin 2 x
8. If I = dx, then I equals
(3 4cos x)3
3cos x 8 3 8cos x
(a) C (b) C
(3 4cos x) 2 16(3 4cos x) 2
3 cos x 3 8cos x
(c) C (d) C
(3 4cos x) 2 16(3 4cos x) 2

3 2cos x
9. dx is equal to
(2 3cos x )2
sin x 2cos x 2 cos x 2sin x
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
3cos x 2 3sin x 2 3cos x 2 3sin x 2

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-7.6 & 7.7:

(1 t 2 ) (2 t 2 ) ( y 1) ( y 2) 2(1 2 y )
1. (c): sin x = t ; I = dt = dy = 1 + dy ; y = t2
t 2 (1 t 2 ) y (1 y ) y ( y 1)

1 1 2 6
= 1 6 dy = 1 dt
3y y 1 t2 1 t2
dx dx sec 2 ( x / 2)
2. (a): dx
5 4cos x 9cos ( x / 2) sin 2 ( x / 2)
2
9 tan 2 ( x / 2)

Now put tan x/2 = t

x(n)(ln x)n 1
3. (c): In = x (ln x)n – dx = x (ln x)n – n In –1
x
sin x cos x sin x cos x
4. (c): I = dx
3 sin 2 x 3 sin 2 x
I1 I2
Now put t1 = sin x – cos x in I1 and t2 = sin x + cos x in I2.
cos 4 x 1 (cos 2 2 x 1)sin 2 x
5. (c): dx dx
cot x tan x cos 2 x
Now put cos2 x = t dt = –2 sin2x dx

6. (c): Diff. both sides, we get

3sin x 2cos x b(2 cos x 3sin x)
a
3cos x 2sin x (2sin x 3cos x)

Now compare like terms on both side.

sin x cos x 1 (sin x cos x) 2 1
7. (d):
sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x

8. (b): Put 3 + 4 cos x = t

9. (a): Multiplying Nr and Dr by cosec2x

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- 7.28 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Sample Problem-35:

4e x 6e x
Evaluate dx.
9e x 4e x

Solution: Method : To evaluate

P(x)
I= dx ,
Q(x)

If P(x) = AQ(x) +BQ (x) ...(i)

where A and B are constants, then

AQ( x) BQ ( x)
I= dx
Q( x )
Q ( x)
= A dx B dx
Q( x )

= Ax + B log |Q(x)| + C

From (i), by comparing coefficients of same type of terms, one gets constants A and B.

In the present problem

(4e x 6e x )
I= dx
9e x 4e x

Denominator Q(x) = 9ex – 4e–x

Numerator P(x) = 4ex + 6e–x

As Q (x) = 9ex + 4e–x, we take

4ex + 6e–x = A(9ex – 4e–x) + B(9ex + 4e–x)

By comparing the coefficients of ex and e–x , we get

4 = 9A + 9B

6 = –4A + 4B

19 35
A= , B
36 36

A(9e x 4e x ) B(9e x 4e x )
I= dx
9e x 4e x

9e x 4e x

= A dx B dx
9ex 4e x

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.29 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

= Ax + B log |9ex – 4e–x| + C

19 35
= x log | 9e x 4e x | C
36 36

Sample Problem-36:

1 x2 dx
Evaluate : x>0
1 x 1 3x2
2
x4

1 x2 dx
Solution: I =
1 x 1 3x2
2
x4
(1 x 2 )dx
=
x 1
x x x 1
x2
3 x2

( x1 2 1) dx
=
1
x x (x 1 2
x ) 5

1
Put x – 1/x = t; 1 dx dt
x2
dt
I=
t t2 5

Put t2 + 5 = z2 : z > 0 ; 2t dt = 2z dz
dz
I =
z 2
5
1 z 5
= ln C.
2 5 z 5

x2 1 3 5
1 x2
= ln C
2 5
x 2 1 3 5
x2

Sample Problem-37:

Evaluate cosec2 x.ln(cos x cos2 x )dx : sin x > 0

cos 2 x sin 2 x
Solution: I = cosec 2 x. ln sin x cot x dx
sin x

= cosec 2 x.ln [sin x. (cot x cot 2 x 1)] dx

= cosec2 x.ln sin x dx cosec 2 x.ln[cot x cot 2 x 1 ] dx

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- 7.30 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

= I1 + I2

I1 = cosec 2 x.ln sin x dx (integrate by parts)

= (– cot x). ln sin x – (–cot x).cot x dx

= –cot x. ln sin x + (cosec2 x 1) dx

= –cot x.ln sin x – cot x – x

I2 = cosec2 x.ln[cot x cot 2 x 1 ] dx

Put cot x = t ; – cosec2 x dx = dt

I2 = ln[t t 2 1 ] dt (integrate by parts)
t
1
= t.ln (t t 2 1) t. t2 1
dt
t t2 1
t
= t .ln (t t 2 1) dt
t 2
1

= t.ln (t t 2 1) t2 1 C

= cot x . ln (cot x cot 2 x 1) cot 2 x 1 C

Sample Problem-38:

sin x
Evaluate : I = dx .
sin 3 x cos 3 x

Solution: If the integrand contains odd powers in sinx and cos x, put tan x = t to evaluate I.
1 sin x
I = dx
cos x (1 tan 3 x)
3

tan x.sec2 x
= dx (put tan x = t)
1 tan 3 x
t
= dt
1 t3
1 dt 1 t 1
= dt (by partial fractions)
3 1 t 3 t t 1 2

1 1 (2t 1) 3
= log | t 1| dt
3 6 t2 t 1
1 1 1 dt
= log | t 1| log | t 2 t 1|
3 6 2 (t 2 ) 43
1 2

1 1 1 2 t 1
= log | t 1| log | t 2 t 1| tan 1 3 2 C
3 6 2 3 2

1 1 1 2 tan x 1
= log |1 tan x | log |1 tan x tan 2 x | tan 1 C
3 6 3 3

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- 7.31 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Sample Problem-39:

If Im,n = cos m x.cos nx dx , show that (m + n)Im,n = cosm x sin nx + m Im–1, n–1

Solution: Integrating by parts,

sin nx m
Im,n = cosm x cosm 1 x sin x sin nx dx ...(i)
n n
But cos (n – 1)x = cos (nx – x)
= cos nx cos x + sin nx sin x
sin x sin nx = cos(n – 1)x – cosnx cosx ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii):
1 m
Im,n = cosm x. sin nx cos m 1 x [cos(n 1) x cos nx cos x] dx
n n
1 m m
Im,n = cosm x sin nx + Im–1,n–1 – I m,n
n n n
1 m
Im,n = cosm x sin nx + Im–1, n–1.
m n m n

Sample Problem-40:

Evaluate : I = ( x 1 x 2 ) n dx .

Solution: Let x + 1 x 2 = t ; then,

x t
1 dx = dt or dx dt
1 x 2
1 x2
dt
dx = 1 x2
t
As 1 x2 x =t

1 1 1 x2 x
=
t 1 x 2
x 1
1 t2 1
2 1 x2 = t + =
t t
t 2 1 dt
Thus I = tn .
2t t
1 n2 2
= t (t 1) dt
2
1 n n2
= (t t ) dt
2
1 tn 1 tn 1
= C
2 n 1 n 1
where t = x + 1 x 2 .

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- 7.32 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Sample Problem-41:

2 sin 3 ( x 2) dx
Evaluate: I = : cos x > 0
(cos ( x 2)) cos3 x 3 cos 2 x cos x

(2 sin ( x 2 ) cos ( x 2)) (2 sin 2 ( x 2)) dx

Solution: I =
(2 cos 2 ( x 2 )) cos3 x 3 cos 2 x cos x
(1 cos x)sin x dx
I = [put cos x = t]
(1 cos x) cos3 x 3cos2 x cos x
(t 1)dt
=
(1 t ) t 3 3t 2 t
(t 2 1)dt
=
(t 1)2 t t 3 1
t

t 2 (1 1
t2
) dt
=
t (t 2
2t 1) t 1
t 3
(1 1
t2
) dt
=
(t 1
t 2) (t 1
t ) 3
1
Put t 1 3 = z2 : z > 0 ; then 1 2 dt = 2zdz
t t
2 zdz
I =
( z 2 1).z
dz z 1
= 2 log C
z2 1 z 1
cos x sec x 3 1
I = log C.
cos x sec x 3 1

Sample Problem-42:

e x (2 x 2 )dx
Evaluate .
(1 x ) 1 x 2

(1 x 2 ) 1
Solution: I = ex dx
(1 x ) 1 x 2

1 x 1
= ex dx
1 x 2
(1 x ) 1 x 2

d 1 x 1 x
But = (1 x)
dx 1 x (1 x 2 )
3
2
1 x 2 2

1 (1 x) x
=
1 x 2
(1 x)(1 x) 1 x 2

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- 7.33 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

1 x
=
1 x 2
(1 x) 1 x 2
1 x x 1
=
(1 x) 1 x 2
(1 x) 1 x 2
Hence, integrand is of type ex ( f (x) + f (x))
1 x
I = ex C.
1 x2

Sample Problem-43:

(sin x cos x)dx

Evaluate : I = .
(sin x cos x) sin x cos x sin 2 x cos2 x

Solution: Let sin x + cos x = t ; then, (cos x – sin x )dx = dt

Also, t2 = (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 1
sin x cos x =
2
dt
I =
t t 2 1 (1 t 2 1 )
2 2

dt
=
t ( t 2 1)( t 2 1)
4

t 3dt
= 2 [Put t4 – 1 = z2 : z > 0]
t t 1 4 4

1 2 z dz
= 2
4 ( z 2 1) z
dz
=
1 z2
= –tan–1 z + C
= tan 1
t4 1 C
= tan 1
(1 sin 2 x ) 2 1 C
= tan 1
sin 2 2 x 2sin 2 x C .

Sample Problem-44:

dx
Evaluate : I = .
1 x2 x 2

dx
Solution: I =
1 (x 1 2
2) 7
4

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- 7.34 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1 7 7
Put x + = tan : ; then dx = sec 2 d
2 2 2 2 2
7 sec2 d
I =
2 7 sec
1
2
7 d
= 7
2 cos (cos 2 )
1 1
= 7
d
cos cos 2

d 7
= log | sec tan | ; a
a cos 2
I = log |sec + tan | – I1 ...(i)
d
where I1 =
a cos
1 t2
Put tan = t ; cos =
2 1 t2
2dt 1
I1 =
1 t a 11
2 t2
t2

dt
= 2
a (1 t ) 1 t 2
2

2 dt
=
a 1 a 1
a 1 t2

2 a 1 a 1
= tan 1
t C
a 1 a 1 a 1

2 a 1
= tan 1
tan C ...(ii)
a 2
1 a 1 2

From (i) and (ii), we get I.

Sample Problem-45:

2 3 cos
Evaluate: I = d .
sin 2 cos 3

Solution: Write Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of denominator) + n

2 + 3 cos = l (sin + 2 cos + 3) + m (cos – 2 sin ) + n
Comparing constant term and the coefficients of cos and sin ,
3l + n = 2 2l+m=3 l – 2m = 0

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.35 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

l= 6/5 m = 3/5 and n = –8/5

6 3 cos – 2 sin 8 d
I = d d –
5 5 sin 2 cos 3 5 sin 2 cos 3
6 3 8
= ln | sin 2 cos 3| – I3
5 5 5
d
where I3 =
sin 2 cos 3
d
=
2 sin cos 4 cos 2 – 4 sin 2 3 sin 2 3 cos 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
sec ( / 2) d
2
= : put tan = t
tan 2 2 tan 7 2
2 2
dt dt dt
= 2 = 2 = 2
t2 2t 7 (t 1)2 8 (2 2) 2 (t 1)2
1 (2 2 1) tan( / 2)
= log e
2 2 (2 2 1) tan( / 2)

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.36 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

CHAPTER ASSIGNMENT
STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1
sin 2 x
1. If the derivative of f (x) w.r.t. x is 2 , then f (x) is a periodic function with period
f ( x)

(a) (b) 2 (c) /2 (d) none of these

x4 x3
2. If dx A Bx tan 1 x C , then A, B are
1 x2 3

(a) 1, –1 (b) –1, 1 (c) 1, 1 (d) none of these

3. (tan x cot x) 2 dx =

(a) tan x + cot x + A (b) tan x – cot x + A (c) tan x – 2 cot x + A (d) none of these

6x 7 K
4. If dx = 2 A , then K =
(3 x 2 7 x 5) 2 3x 7 x 5

(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these

1 x
5. If dx a log tan A , then a =
cos x sin x 8 2

1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) none of these
2 2

2x 1
6. e2x dx =
4 x2

e2 x e2 x e2 x
(a) +A (b) A (c) A (d) none of these
4x 2x x

x tan 1 x tan 1 x x
7. dx = a A , then a =
(1 x2 )3/ 2 1 x2 1 x2

(a ) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) none of these

2 sin 2 x cos x
8. If dx = a log | sin x 1| b log | sin x 3| A , then a and b are
4 cos 2 x 4 sin x
3 11 3 11 3 11
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) none of these
2 2 2 2 2 2

9. Let A e ax cos bx dx and B e ax sin bx dx , then the value of (A2 + B2) (a2 + b2) is

(a) e2x (b) e2ax (c) ea x

(d) none of these

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

x
10. dx =
x4 x2 1
1 2 x2 1 1 2x2 1
(a) tan 1
C (b) tan 1
C
3 3 3 3
1 2x2 1 1 2 x2
(c) cot 1
C (d) tan 1
C
3 3 3 3
dx
11. The value of the integral is
( x 1) (2 x)
x 3x
(a) sin–1 (2x – 3) + C (b) sin–1 (c) sin–1 (d) none of these
2 2
7x
12.
x
7 7 .7 7 .7 x dx
7x 7x
7x 77 77
(a) 7 7 (log 7) 3 C (b) C (c) (d) none of these
(log 7) 3 (log 7)
dx
13.
(1 x ) 1 x 2 2

1 1 x2 1 1 x2
(a) tan 1
c (b) tan 1
c
2 2x 2 2x

3 1 x2
(c) tan 1
c (d) none of these
2 2x
sin x cos x
14. dx =
1 sin 2 x

(a) log |sin x + cos x| + c (b) –x + c for all x

x c , if sin x cos x 0
(c) (d) x + c for all x.
– x c, if sin x cos x 0

15. xex cos xdx f ( x) c, then f (x) equal to

ex ex
(a) – {(1 x )sin x x cos x} c (b) {(1 x )sin x x cos x} c
2 2
ex
(c) {(1 x)sin x x cos x} c (d) none of these
2
cos 2 x
16. dx is equal to
cos x
(a) 2 sin x + log (sec x – tan x) + c (b) 2 sin x – log (sec x – tan x) + c
(c) 2 sin x + log (sec x + tan x) + c (d) 2 sin x – log (sec x + tan x) + c

2 x2 3 x 1 x
17. dx = a log + b tan–1 , then (a, b) is
( x 2 1) ( x 2 4) x 1 2
1 1 1 1
(a) , (b) , (c) (–1, 1) (d) (1, –1)
2 2 2 2

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

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Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

e x

18. dx
x
ex
(a) e x
(b) (c) 2. e x
(d) x .e x

19. What is the value of the integral

dx
I=
(1 e ) (1 e x )
x

1 ex 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
1 ex 1 ex 1 ex
5x x
20. 55 .55 .5 x dx is equal to
x 5x
55 55
x
3 55
(a) C (b) 5 (log 5) C (c) C (d) none of these
(log5)3 (log 5)3

sin x cos x
21. The value of the dx is
3 sin 2 x
1 2 sin x cos x 1 2 sin x
(a) ln c (b) ln c
4 2 sin x cos x 2 2 sin x
1 1 sin x
(c) ln c (d) none of these
4 1 sin x

dx
22. The value of is
x x 1

x 1
(a) log x x 1 sin 1
c (b) log x x 1 c
x

2 2 x 1 1
(c) ln x x 1 tan 1
c (d) none of these
3 3

1
23. The value of dx is
[( x 1) ( x 2)5 ]1/ 4
3

4 x 1 4 x 1 4 x 1 4 x 1
1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4

(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C

3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x 2

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

x2 cos2 x
24. cosec 2 x dx is equal to :
1 x2

(a) cot x cot 1

x+c (b) c cot x + cot 1
x
cosec x 1x
(c) tan 1
x + c (d) eln tan cot x + c
sec x
where ' c' is constant of integration .

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.39 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

ln (tan x)
25. dx equal :
sin x cos x
1 2 1 2
(a) ln (cot x) + c (b) ln (sec x) + c
2 2
1 2 1 2
(c) ln (sin x sec x) + c (d) ln (cos x cosec x) + c
2 2
dx x
26. If = K tan 1
M tan + C , then
5 4 cos x 2
(a) K = 1 (b) K = 2/3 (c) M = 1/3 (d) M = 2/3
xe x
27. If dx = f (x) 1 e x 2 log g (x) + C , then
x
1 e
1 ex 1
(a) f (x) = x 1 (b) g (x) =
x
1 e 1
x
1 e 1
(c) g (x) = (d) f (x) = 2 (x 2)
x
1 e 1

28. If xe 5 x2
sin 4x2 dx = Ke 5x2
(A sin 4x2 + B cos 4x2) + C. The
1 1
(a) K = (b) K = (c) A = 5 (d) none of these
82 82
x x
29. If the antiderivative of sin-1 is x sin-1 x + fog (x) + C then
x 1 x 1
(a) f (x) = sin-1 x (b) g (x) = x 1 (c) f (x) = tan-1x (d) g(x) = x
15
x 1 x2
30. dx
1 x2
15 15
x 1 x2 x 1 x2
(a) c (b) c
15 16
15
1
(c) 15 x 1 x2 c (d) 15
c
15 x2 1 x

log e ( x 1 x2 )
31. dx fog ( x) c
1 x2
(a) f (x) is even function (b) g(x) is odd function
(c) f (x) is neither even nor odd (d) g(x) is constant

x2 1
32. dx A ln( x 1) B ln( x 2) C ln( x 3) k
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)
(a) A = 1 (b) B2 = 25 (c) BC = –25 (d) ABC = –25
x x
4e 6e
33. dx Ax B loge (9e 2 x 4) c
9e x 4e x

3 3 35 A 35
(a) A (b) A (c) B (d)
2 2 36 B 54

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- 7.40 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

Comprehension-1
y = f (x) is a polynomial function passing through point (0, 1) and which increases in the intervals
(1, 2) and (3, ) and decreases in the intervals (– , 1) and (2, 3)

34. If f (1) = –8, then the value of f (2) is

(a) – 3 (b) –6 (c) –20 (d) –7

35. If f (1) = –8, then the range of f (x) is

(a) [3, ) (b) [–8, ) (c) [–7, ) (d) (– , 6]

36. If f (x) = 0 has four real roots, then the range of values of leading co-efficient of polynomial is
(a) [4/9, 1/2] (b) [4/9, 1] (c) [1/3, 1/2] (d) none of these

Comprehension-2

Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that f (0) = 1, f (1) = 2, x = 0 is a critical point but f (x)
does not have local extremum at x = 0.

37. f (x) will be

(a) x3 + x2 + 1 (b) x3 + 1 (c) x3 – x + 1 (d) x3

f ( x)
38. dx =
x2 7
x2 7 2 x2 7 2
(a) ( x 14) ln | x x2 7 | C (b) ( x 14) ln( x x 2 7) C
3 3
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) none of these

39. If origin is shifted at (0, 1), then w.r.t. new system, function will be
(a) even (b) odd
(c) symmetric about origin (d) no symmetry

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

40. A. The value of 3x 2 dx is (p) 2 log (1 + x)+C

1
B. The value of dx is (q) sin – 1 x + 1 x2 + C
x x 1
1 x 2 3/ 2 2
C. The value of dx is (r) – x + (x +1) 3/2 + C
1 x 3 3
1 2
D. The value of dx is (s) (3x +2 ) 3/ 2 + C
x x 9

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.41 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

41. f (x) dx if
1 x5
A. f (x) = (p) +C
( x 2 1) x2 2 5(1 x 4 )5/2
1 x 1
B. f (x) = (q) sin–1 +C
( x 2) x 2
6x 7 ( x 2) 2
x x 4 8

C. f (x) = (r) – 2 1 x + cos–1 x x 1 x+C

(1 x 4 )7/ 2
1 x
D. f (x) = (s) – tan–1 1 2 / x 2 + C
1 x

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

b
( x x 3 )1/3 1
42. If dx a 2 1 c, then the value of 1/|ab| is
x 4
x
cos x
43. Let f (x) = log x sin x dx and f (1) = 0, then the value of f ( /2) is
x

2 x
44. If f (x) = dx and f (0) = 0, then the value of [f (4)] is ...... (where [.] represents the
(x 1 x )2
greatest integer function.
cos 2 x sin 2 x cos x
45. If dx ax b ln |2 cos x – sin x| + c, then |a + 2b| is
(2cos x sin x) 2 2cos x sin x

sin x 1 1
46. dx x log |sin x – cos x| + C, then m is
sin x cos x m 2

47. If sin 7/5

x cos 3/5
x dx (cot x )2/5 C , then is
2

tan x cot x
48. If ( tan x cot x ) dx = A tan 1
C , then the value of A/B is
B

49. (sin 4 x)e tan x dx = a cosbx e tan

2
x
k
2
If
B
cos 4 x dx 1 1 tan 5 x
50. If k , then the value of A + 5B.
sin 3 x[sin 5 x cos5 x]3/5 A tan 5 x

x (cos 1 3x )2 1 1
51. If dx 1 9x2 (cos 1 3x)3 C , then A is
1 9x 2 A B2

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.42 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS QUESTIONS
sin x
1. If dx = Ax + B log sin(x – ) + C, then value of (A, B) is [AIEEE-2004]
sin( x )

(a) (sin , cos ) (b) (–cos , sin ) (c) (–sin , cos ) (d) (cos , sin )

1
2. dx is equal to [AIEEE-2004]
cos x sin x
1 x 1 x 3
(a) log tan C (b) log tan C
2 2 8 2 2 8
1 x 3 1 x
(c) log tan C (d) log cot C
2 2 8 2 2
2
(log x 1)
3. dx is equal to [AIEEE-2005]
1 (log x) 2
xe x x log x x
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
1 x2 (log x) 2 1 (log x) 2 1 x 2
1

4. The value of integral 2x x 2 dx is [AIEEE-2002]

( x 1) 2 x x 2 sin 1 ( x 1) x 2 x x2
(a) c (b) sin 1 ( x 1) c
2 2 2
2x x2
(c) sin 1 ( x 1) c (d) none of these
2

1
5. dx equals [AIEEE 2007]
cos x 3 sin x
x x
(a) log tan C (b) log tan C
2 12 2 12
1 x 1 x
(c) log tan C (d) log tan C
2 2 12 2 2 12

5 tan x
6. If the integral dx x a ln | sin x 2cos x | k , then a is equal to [AIEEE 2012]
tan x 2
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2

7. If f ( x ) dx ( x ) , then x5 f ( x 3 ) dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2013]

1 3 1 3
(a) x x3 x2 x 3 dx C (b) x x3 x3 x3 dx C
3 3
1 3 1 3
(c) x x3 x2 x3 dx C (d) x x3 3 x3 x3 dx C
3 3

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.43 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

1 x 1x
8. The integral 1 x e dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2014]
x
1 1 1 1
x x x x
(a) ( x 1)e x
c (b) xe x
c (c) ( x 1)e x
c (d) xe x
c

dx
9. The integral equals: [JEE-Mains 2015]
x 2 ( x 4 1)3/4
1/4 1/4
x4 1 x4 1
(a) c (b) (x4 + 1)1/4 + c (c) –(x4 + 1)1/4 + c (d) c
x4 x4

2 x12 5x9
10. The integral 3
dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2016]
x5 x3 1

x10 x5
(a) 2
C (b) 2
C
2 x5 x3 1 x5 x3 1

x10 x5
(c) 2
C (d) 2
C
2 x5 x3 1 2 x5 x3 1

where C is an arbitrary constant.

11. Let I n tan n xdx, ( n 1). If I4 + I6 = a tan5x + bx5 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then

the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to [JEE-Mains 2017]

1 1 1 1
(a) ,0 (b) ,1 (c) ,0 (d) , 1
5 5 5 5

sin 2 x cos 2 x
12. The integral dx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2018]
(sin 5 x cos 3 x sin 2 x sin 3 x cos 2 x cos5 x )2
1 1 1 1
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C
1 cot 3 x 3(1 tan 3 x ) 3(1 tan 3 x ) 1 cot 3 x

(where C is a constant of integration)

3x13 2 x11
13. The integral dx is equal to: (where C is a constant of integration)
(2 x 4 3x 2 1)4
[JEE-Mains 2019]
4 12
x x
(a) 4
C (b) C
(2 x 3x 2 1) 3
6(2x 3x 2 1)3
4

x4 x 12
(c) 4
C (d) C
6(2x 3x 2 1)3 (2 x 4
3x 2 1)3

14. The integral cos(loge x)dx is equal to : (where C is a constant of integration) [JEE-Mains 2019]

x x
(a) [sin(loge x) – cos(loge x)] + C (b) [cos(loge x) + sin(loge x)] + C
2 2

(c) x[cos(loge x) + sin(loge x)] + C (d) x[cos(loge x) – sin(loge x)] + C

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.44 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

x 1
15. If dx f (x ) 2 x 1 C , where C is a constant of integration, then f (x) is equal to:
2x 1
[JEE-Mains 2019]
1 1 2 2
(a) ( x 4) (b) ( x 1) (c) ( x 2) (d) ( x 4)
3 3 3 3

2sin( x 2 1) sin 2( x 2 1)
16. For x2 n + 1, n N (the set of natural numbers), the integral x dx is
2sin( x 2 1) sin 2( x 2 1)

equal to: (where c is a constant of integration) [JEE-Mains 2019]

1 2 2 1
(a) log e sec ( x 1) c (b) log e sec( x 2 1) c
2 2

1 x2 1 x2 1
(c) log e sec 2 c (d) log e sec c
2 2 2

(sin n sin )1/ n cos

17. Let n 2 be a natural number and 0 < < /2. Then d is equal to:
sin n 1

[JEE-Mains 2019]
n 1 n 1
n 1 n n 1 n
(a) 1 C (b) 1 C
n2 1 sin n 1 n2 1 sin n 1
n 1 n 1
n 1 n n 1 n
(c) 1 C (d) 1 C
n2 1 sin n 1
n2 1 sin n 1

4 x3 1 4 x2
18. If x5 e dx e f ( x) C, where C is a constant of integration, then f (x) is equal to:
48

[JEE-Mains 2019]

(a) –4x3 –1 (b) 4x3 + 1 (c) –2x3 –1 (d) ––2x3 +1

1 x2
19. If dx A( x)( 1 x2 ) m C , for a suitable chosen integer m and a function A(x), where C is
x 4

a constant of integration then (A(x))m equals : [JEE-Mains 2019]

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3x3 27x 9 9x4 27x 6

5 x8 7 x6
20. If f (x) = dx,( x 0) and f (0) = 0, then the value of f (1) is : [JEE-Mains 2019]
( x 2 1 2 x 7 )2
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 4 4

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.45 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

cos xdx
21. If f ( x )(1 sin 6 x )1/ c where c is a constant of integration, then f
sin 3 x(1 sin 6 x )2 /3 3

is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]

9 9
(a) –2 (b) (c) 2 (d)
8 8

dx
22. The integral is equal to : (where C is a constant of integration)
( x 4) ( x 3)6/7
8/7

[JEE-Mains 2020]
1/7 1/7
x 3 x 3
(a) C (b) C
x 4 x 4
3/7 13/7
1 x 3 1 x 3
(c) C (d) C
2 x 4 13 x 4

d
23. If = tan + 2 loge |f ( )| + C, where C is a constant of integration, then
cos 2
(tan 2 sec 2 )
the ordered pair ( , f ( )________ is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) (–1, 1 + tan ) (b) (–1, 1 – tan ) (c) (1, 1 – tan ) (d) (1, 1 + tan )

x
24. If sin 1
dx A( a) tan 1 ( x ) B(x ) C , where C is a constant of integration, then
1 x

the ordered pair (A(x), B(x)) can be [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) ( x 1, x ) (b) ( x 1, x) (c) ( x 1, x) (d) ( x 1, x )
2
x
25. The integral dx is equal to (where C is a constant of integration):
x sin x cos x

[JEE-Mains 2020]
x tan x x sec x
(a) sec x C (b) tan x C
x sin x cos x x sin x cos x
x tan x x sec x
(c) sec x C (d) tan x C
x sin x cos x x sin x cos x
x
26. Let f ( x ) dx(x 0). Then f (3) –f(1) is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]
(1 x )2

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 4 12 2 4 12 2 4 6 2 4
x x x x
27. If ( e2 x 2ex e x
1)e( e e )
dx g( x )e ( e e )
c , where c is a constant of integration, then

g (0) is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]

(a) 2 (b) e2 (c) e (d) 1

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.46 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

cos B( )
28. If d A log e |B( )| C , where C is a constant of integration, then
5 7 sin 2 cos 2 A
can be [JEE-Mains 2020]
2 sin 1 2 sin 1 5(sin 3) 5(2 sin 1)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5(sin 3) sin 3 2 sin 1 sin 3

cos x sin x sin x cos x

29. If dx a sin 1 c , where c is a constant of integration, then the
8 sin 2 x b
ordered pair (a, b) is equal to : [JEE-Mains 2021]
(a) (–1, 3) (b) (3, 1) (c) (1, 3) (d) (1, –3)

JEE-ADVANCED QUESTIONS
x2 1
1. dx [IIT 2006]
x3 2x 4 2x 2 1
2 x4 2 x2 1 2x4 2x2 1
(a) c (b) c
x x2
2 x 2 x2 1
4
2x 2x2 1
4

(c) c (d) c
x3 2 x2
x
2. Let f (x) = for n 2 and g(x) = ( f f f )( x) . Then x n 2 g ( x ) dx equals
(1 x n )1/ n f occurs n times

1 1
1 1 1 1
(a) (1 nx n ) n
K (b) (1 nx n ) n
K
n( n 1) n 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
(c) (1 nx n ) n
K (d) (1 nx n ) n
K [IIT 2007 (P-II)]
n( n 1) n 1

ex e x
3. Let I= dx , J = dx
e4x e2 x 1 e 4 x e 2x 1
Then, for an arbitrary constant C, the value of J – I equals [IIT 2008]
1 e4 x e2 x 1 1 e2x ex 1
(a) log 4 x C (b) log C
2 e e2x 1 2 e2 x ex 1
1 e2x ex 1 1 e4x e2x 1
(c) log 2 x C (d) log 4 x C
2 e ex 1 2 e e2 x 1
sec 2 x
4. The integral dx equals (for some arbitrary constant K) [IIT 2012]
(sec x tan x )9/2
1 1 1
(a) (sec x tan x) 2 K
(sec x tan x)11/2
11 7
1 1 1
(b) (sec x tan x)2 K
(sec x tan x )11/2
11 7
1 1 1
(c) (sec x tan x) 2 K
(sec x tan x )11/2 11 7
1 1 1
(d) (sec x tan x)2 K
(sec x tan x )11/2
11 7

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 7.47 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

CHAPTER TEST
SECTION-I: STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 1 to 5. Each question has 4 choices
(A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY-ONE is correct.
1/ 2
dx dy
2 2
1. Let x = f ´´(t) cos t + f ´(t) sin t and y = –f ´´(f) sin t + f ´(t) cos t. Then dt
dt dt

equals

(a) f ´(t) + f ´´ (t) + c (b) f ´´(t) + f ´´´ (t) + c (c) f (t) + f ´´ (t) + c (d) f ´(t) – f ´´ (t) + c
dx
2. If a cot x b tan 3 x c, then
sin x cos x
3 5

(a) a = –1, b = 1/3 (b) a = –3, b = 2/3 (c) a = –2, b = 4/3 (d) none of these
x /2 x
ln a a ln bb
3. x dx (where a, b R+) is equal to
3a5 x /2 b3 x 2a 2 x b4 x

1 2 x 3x a 2 x b3 x 1 1 1
(a) a b ln k (b) 2 3 2 x 3x
ln 2 x 3 x k
6 ln a 2b3 e 6ln a b a b ea b
1 1 1 1
(c) 2 3 2x 3x
ln(a 2 x b3 x ) k (d) 2 3 2 x 3x
ln( a2 x b3 x ) k
6ln a b a b 6ln a b a b

1
4. If f ( x)sin x cos xdx ln f ( x) c, then f (x) is equal to
2(b 2
a2 )
1 1
(a) (b)
a sin x b cos x
2 2 2 2
a sin x b 2 cos 2 x
2 2

1 1
(c) (d)
a 2 sin 2 x b 2 sin 2 x a 2 cos2 x b 2 sin 2 x

( x 2 1)
5. ex dx is equal to
( x 1) 2
x 1 x x 1
(a) e c (b) e x c (c) ex (x + 1) (x –1) + c (d) none of these
x 1 x 1

SECTION-II: MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 6 to 10. Each question has 4 choices
(A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.

6. If sin d(sec x) = f (x) – g(x) + c, then

(a) f (x) = sec x (b) f (x) = tan x (c) g (x) = 2 x (d) g (x) = x

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Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

7. If cosec x 1dx k fog ( x) c, where k is a real constant, then

(a) k = –2, f (x) = cot–1 x, g (x) = cosec x 1 (b) k = –2, f (x) = tan–1 x, g (x) = cosec x 1
cot x cot x
(c) k = 2, f (x) = tan–1 x, g (x) = (d) k = 2, f (x) = cot–1 x, g (x) =
cosec x 1 cosec x 1

sin x sin 3 x
8. If I = dx P cos x Q log | f ( x) | R, then
cos 2 x
1 3 1 1 2 cos x 1
(a) P ,Q (b) P ,Q , f ( x)
2 4 2 4 2 2 cos x 1
1 3 2 cos x 1 1 3 2 cos x 1
(c) P ,Q , f ( x) (d) P ,Q , f (x)
2 4 2 2 cos x 1 2 4 2 2 cos x 1

cos 4 x 1
9. If dx Af ( x ) B, then
cot x tan x
1 1
(a) A (b) B
8 2

(c) f (x) has fundamental period (d) f (x) is an odd function.

2
dx
10. f ( g ( x )) c, then
x2 ax 1
(a) f (x) is inverse trigonometric function for |a| > 2
(b) f (x) is logarithmic function for |a| < 2
(c) g(x) is quadratic function for |a| > 2
(d) g (x) is rational function for |a| < 2

SECTION- III: LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

This section contains 1 Paragraphs. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice questions
have to be answered. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY
ONE is correct.

F(x) = esin x (cos x cos 2 x)sin xdx

2

11. F(x) is given by

1 sin x
e (3 sin 2 x) k esin x
(3 cos2x + 2 sin2x) + k
2 2
(a) (b)
2
esin x
(2 cos2x + 3 sin2x) + k
2
(c) (d) none of these

12. y = F(x) is symmetric about

(a) x-axis (b) y-axis (c) origin (d) no symmetry

13. Period of function y = F(x) is

(a) (b) 2 (c) /2 (d) not periodic

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

SECTION- IV: MATRIX MATCH TYPE

This Section contains 4 multiple choice questions. Each question has matching lists. The codes for
lists have choice (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE may be correct.

14. Observe the following lists :

List-I List-II
dx x
A. = (p) ln 1 tan C
x ( x 9) 2
x
B. e x (1 cot x cot 2 x)dx =(q) ln 1 cot C
2
sin 3 x cos3 x
C. dx = (r) sec x – cosec x + C
cos2 x sin 2 x
dx 2 x
D. (s) tan 1 +C
1 cos x sin x 3 3
(t) –ex .cot x + C

SECTION- V: INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

This section contains 8 questions. The answer to each of the question is a single digit integer,
ranging from 0 to 9. The bubble corresponding to the correct answer is to be darkened in the
ORS.

x4 1 a
15. If dx tan 1
f ( x) tan 1
g ( x) C , then value of |a – b| is....
x6 1 b

ex 1
16. If 2 x dx AF ( x 1) BF ( x 4) C then value of A + e3B is......
( x 2 5 x 4)

dx 1
17. If f ( x) , if f (0) = 0, then the f equals. .........., when [.] denotes
(1 x )( x x ) 2 2
G.I.F.

dx 1/ A 1/ B 1 1
18. If A tan x B tan x C then equals, where [.] denotes G.I.F.
3
sin x cos x
11 A B

t5 2t 3 1
19. If x 11
(1 x 4 ) 1/2
dx t C where t2 = 1 , then |4 | equals.......
5 3 x4

1 1 x3 1
20. If dx a log b , then (3a) is equal to .......
x 1 x3 1 x3 1

21. If x log (1 + x2) dx = (x) log (1 + x2) + (x) + C, then (1) is equal to.......

x tan 1
x
22. If dx 1 x 2 f ( x) A log( x 1 x 2 ) C , then f is equal to ....
1 x 2 4

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Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

ANSWERS
Chapter Assignment
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)

11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a)

16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (c)

21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b,c,d) 25. (a,c, d)

26. (b,c) 27. (b,d) 28. (a,c) 29. (c,d) 30. (a,d)

31. (a,b) 32. (a,b,c,d) 33. (b,c,d) 34. (d) 35. (b)

36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b)

40. A-(s); B-(r); C-(q); D-(p) 41. A-(s); B-(q); C-(p); D-(r) 42. (2)

43. (0) 44. (1) 45. (1) 46. (2) 47. (5)

48. (1) 49. (2) 50. (4) 51. (9)

Chapter Assignment Hints

1. (a): Period of sin 2x is .
( x4 1) 1 1
2. (a): dx ( x 2 1)dx dx
x2 1 x2 1

3. (b): Put tan x = t

4. (a): Put 3x2 – 7x + 5 = t

1 1 1
5. (b): dx dx
cos x sin x 2 sin x
4
1
= cosec x dx
2 4

6. (a): Put 2x = t
1 1 1 1
et dt = et . dt et . dt
t t2 t t2

7. (c): Put tan–1x = t and 1 + tan2t = sec2t

2sin 2 x cos x cos x(4 sin x 1)
8. (a): dx = dx
4 cos 2 x 4sin x (sin x 3)(sin x 1)

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

Now, put sin x = t and use integration by partial fraction.

9. (b): Use formula of eax cos bx dx and eaxsin bx dx.

x x
10. (b): dx
x4 x2 1 1
2
3
2

x 2

2 2
1 1 1 t
Now put x2 + t and use formula dt tan 1

2 a 2
t 2
a a
dx dx
11. (a): dx
( x 1)(2 x) 1
2
3
2

x
2 2
7x x
12. (b): 7 7 .7 7 .7 x dx

Let 7x = m
7x log 7 dx = dm
1 m 1
7 7 .7 m dm 7 t dt (where 7m = t)
(log 7) (log 7) 2
7x
1 77
= .7 t c = c
(log 7)3 (log 7)3

dx
13. (a):
(1 x ) 1 x 2 2

1
Put x = 1/t ; dx = dt
t2
sin x cos x sin x cos x
14. (c): dx dx
1 sin 2 x | sin x cos x |

15. (a): x ex cos x dx = f (x) + c

Use integration by parts on x and ex cos x.
cos 2 x
16. (d): = 2cos x – sec x
cos x
2 x2 3 A B
17. (a):
(x 1)(x 2 4) x 2 1 x 2 4
2

Put x2 = 1 and –4 after taking LCM of both sides.

18. (c): Let x t
19. (a): Let ex = t
20. (c): Let 5x = t
sin x cos x sin x cos x
21. (a):
3 sin 2x 4 (sin x cos x )2
22. (c): (x x 1)dx

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Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

x 1
23. (a): Let t4
x 2
x 2 cos2 x x 2 1 sin 2 x
24. (b,c,d): .cosec2 x dx = .cosec 2 x dx
1 x2 x 2 1 x2 1
1
= cosec2 x dx
x 2
1
= – cot x – tan – 1 x + c
= – cot x – cot – 1 x + c
1
x
= e ln tan cot x c

25. (a,c,d): Put ln (tan x) = t

1
dx dt
sin x cos x
dx dx sec2 x / 2
26. (b,c): dx
5 4cos x 1 8cos 2 x / 2 9 tan 2 x / 2
Now, put tan x/2 = t
27. (b,d): Put 1 + e x = t e x dx = dt
x
xe ln(t 1)
dx dt
1 ex t
Now use integration by parts.
28. (a,c): xe 5 x sin 4 x 2dx
2

Let x2 = t 2x dx = dt
1
e 5t sin 4t dt
2
x
29. (c,d): sin 1 dx
x 1
substitute x = tan2 .
(x 1 x 2 )15
30. (a,d): dx
1 x2
substitute x 1 x2 t
x 1 x 2
dx dt
1 x2
log e ( x 1 x2 )
31. (a,b): dx
1 x2
Substitute loge ( x 1 x2 ) = t
1
dx dt
1 x2
32. (a,b,c,d): Use integration by partial fraction.
4e x 6e x
33. (b,c,d): dx
9e x 4e x

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- 7.53 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

d
Let 4ex + 6e–x = A(9ex – 4e–x ) + B (9e x 4e x )
dx

34. (d): f ´(x) = A(x–1) (x –2) (x –3)

x4 6 x3 11x 2
f (x) = A 6x c
4 3 2

f (0) = 1 gives C = 1

f (1) = – 8 gives A = 4
so f (2) = – 7

35. (b): f ´(x) = 4(x–1) (x –2) (x –3)

so f (x) has minima at x = 1 and x = 3
f (1) = f (3) = – 8
Range of f (x) is [– 8, )
so f (2) = – 7
x4 6 x3 11x 2
36. (a): f (x) = A 6x 1
4 3 2
f (1) 0
f (2) 0
f (3) 0

1 3
2

37. (b): f (x) = Ax

A x2
f (x) = B
2
f (0) = 0 B = 0
A x2
f (x) =
2
A x3
f (x) = C
6
f (0) = 1 C=1
f (1) = 2 A=6
f (x) = x + 1 3

x3 1 x2 1
38. (a): dx dx dx
x 2
7 x 2
7 x 2
7
x3
I1 = dx Let x2 + 7 = t2 2xdx = 2t dt xdx = tdt
x 2
7

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Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1
I2 = dx ln x x2 7
x 2
7

39. (b): f (x) = x3 + 1 (or) y = x3 + 1

If origin is shifted to (0, 1)

replace x by x, y by y + 1
y + 1 = x3 + 1
y x3

f (x) = x3
40. A-(s); B-(r); C-(q); D-(p):
A. 3 x 2dx ; Put 3x + 2 = t
1 2
tdt (3 x 2)3/ 2 c
3 9
1 ( x 1)2 ( x )2
B. dx = dx
x x 1 ( x x 1)
= ( x 1 x )dx
2 2 3/2
= ( x 1)3/ 2 x c
3 3
1 x
C. dx
1 x
substitute x = cos 2 .
1 1
D. dx dx
x x x (1 x)
1
Now substitute 1 + x = t dx 2dt
x
41. A-(s); B-(q); C-(p); D-(r):
1
A. Substitute x =
t
1
B. Substitute x + 2 =
t
1
x
x 4 x8 x3
C. dx dx
(1 x4 )7/2 1
7/ 2

x 2

x2
1
Now put x2 t
x2
1/3
1
1
(x x ) 3 1/3
x2
42. (2): dx dx
x4 x3
1
Now substitute 1 t
x2

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- 7.55 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Indefinite Integrals

cos x cos x
43. (0): log xsin x dx = dx sin x log x dx
x x
I1 I2

Solve I2 by parts.
2 x
44. (1): f (x) = dx
(x 1 x )2
Put x = t2
dx = 2t dt
(2 t )2t 4t 2t 2
= dt = dt
(t 2 1 t ) 2 1 1
2

t 1 2
4

t t
2 1
t3 t2
= 2 2
dt
11
1 2
tt
1 1 2 1
Now put 1 2 =u – 3 dt = du
t t t t2
cos x(cos x 2sin x)
45. (1): dx
(2cos x sin x )2
Use integration by parts.
sin x
46. (2): dx
sin x cos x
d
Put sin x = A (sin x – cos x) + B (sin x – cos x)
dx
47. (5): sin 7/ 5
x cos 3/ 5
x dx

put x = t sec2 xdx = dt

tan x cot x
48. (1): tan x cot x dx = A tan–1 C
B
1 sin x cos x 1 sin x cos x
= dx = dx
2 sin 2 x 2 1 (sin x cos x )2
Put sin x – cos x = t
1
= sin–1 (sin x – cos x) + C
2
1 tan x cot x
= tan–1 +C
2 2

49. (2): (sin 4 x )e tan x dx

2

cos4 x dx 1 1 tan 5 x
50. (4): k
sin3 x[sin 5 x cos5 x]3/5 A tan5 x
cos4 xdx
= dx
sin 3 x.cos 3 x[tan 5 x 1]3/5

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- 7.56 -
Indefinite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

cos x dx
= dx
sin 3 x(1 tan 5 x)3/5
cot 4 x cosec 2 x
= dx
cot 3 x(1 tan 5 x )3/5
cot 4 x cosec 2 x
= dx
(cot 3 x 1)3/5
Now put cot5x + 1 = t
x (cos 1 3x) 2 1 1
51. (9): dx 1 9x2 (cos 1 3x)3 C
1 9x 2 A B2
x (cos 1 3x) 2 x (cos 1 3x) 2
dx dx dx
1 9x2 1 9x2 1 9 x2
1 1
= 1 9 x2 (cos 1 3 x)3 C
9 9

Previous Year Questions

AIEEE/JEE-Mains
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a)
16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24 (b) 25. (d)
26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (c)

IIT-JEE/JEE-Advance

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c)

Chapter Test
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (b,d) 7. (b,d) 8. (a,c) 9. (a,c) 10. (a,b,d)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. A-(s); B-(t); C-(r); D-(q)
15. (1) 16. (2) 17. (0) 18. (3) 19. (2)
20. (1) 21. (1) 22. (1)

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- 7.57 -
 8
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
8.0. DEFINITION
Definite integral, which is used in various field of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.
b
Symbolically f ( x)dx is the integration of f(x) w.r.t. x with x = a as lower limit and x = b as
a

upper limit.

8.1. GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

b
Let f(x) be a function defined on a closed interval [a, b]. Then f ( x )dx represents the algebraic
a

sum of the areas of the region bounded by the curve y = f(x), x–axis and the lines x = a, x = b. Here
algebraic sum means that area which is above the x–axis will be added in this sum with + sign and
area which is below the x-axis will be added in this sum with – sign. So value of the definite
integrals be positive, zero or negative.

Sample Problem-1:
4
Evaluate : (2 x 3)dx .
1
3 3
Solution: y = 2x – 3 is a straight line, which lie below the x-axis in 1, and above in ,4
2 2

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-8.1 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1 5 25
Now area of ABC = 5 =
2 2 4
1 5 25
Area of CDE = 5=
2 2 4
4
25 25
So (2 x 3)dx = 0
4 4
1

Sample Problem-2:
0
Evaluate : 4 x 2 dx .
2

Solution: y = 4 x2 , x [–2, 0]
Represents a quarter circle in 2nd quadrant,
which is above the x-axis radius of circle is 2.
0
1
so 4 x 2 dx = (2) 2 = square unit
2
4

8.2. BASIC RESULT

If F(x) is one of the antiderivatives of a function f(x) continuous on [a, b], then
b
f ( x )dx F ( x) |ba = F(b) – F(a) is called the definite integral of f (x) w.r.t. x between the limits x
a

= a and x = b. This formula is due to Newton and Leibnitz .

Sample Problem-3:
/2 /2
cos xdx sin x | sin sin 0 1 0 1
0 0 2

Sample Problem-4:
/2 /2
sin xdx cos x | cos cos 0 (0 1) 1
0 0 2

Sample Problem-5:
2 2
sin xdx cos x | cos 2 cos 0 (1 1) 0
0 0

Sample Problem-6:
1
dx
Evaluate : .
0 2 x2
dx x
Solution: = sin 1
+c
2 x 2 2
1
dx 1 x 1
1 1
So = sin | sin sin 1 (0)
0 2 x 2 20 2

= 0
4 4

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.1 & 8.2:

1. The value of the definite integral, (e x 1

e 3 x ) 1 dx is
1

1 1
(a) (b) (c) tan 1 (d)
4e2 4e e 2
2 e 2e 2

1 1
2. If f (x) = min | x |,1 | x |, , x R then the value of f ( x )dx is
4 1

(a) 1/8 (b) 1/6 (c) 3/8 (d) none of these

d esin x
4
3 sin x3
3. Let F ( x) , x > 0. If e dx F (k ) F (1) , then value of k is
dx x 1
x

(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 64 (d) 24

1 e x dx
4. If log e (1 e) k , then value of k is
01 ex
1 1 1
(a) log 2 (b) log 2 (c) log 2 (d) none of these
e e e

x dt
5. The solution for x of the equation is, where x > 0
2
t t2 1 2

3
(a) (b) (c) 2 2 (d) none of these
2
1/ 2 e x (2 x 2 ) dx
6. is equal to
1
(1 x) 1 x 2
e 3e e
(a) ( 3 1) (b) (c) 3e (d)
2 2 3

x log x
7. The value of the integral dx is
0
(1 x2 )2

(a) 0 (b) log 7 (c) 5 log 13 (d) none of these

log5 e x ex 1
8. The value of the integral dx is
0 ex 3

(a) 3 + 2 (b) 4 – (c) 2 + (d) none of these

100
9. Let f (x) = min ({x} , {– x}) x R, where {n} denotes the fractional part of x, then f ( x ) dx
100

is equal to

(a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 200 (d) none of these

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- 8.3-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1 | x |, | x | 1 5
10. If f (x) = and g (x) = f (x –1) + f (x + 1), then value of g ( x )dx is
0, | x| 1 3

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) none of these

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.1 & 8.2:

dx e x dx
1. (a): = (multiply Nr and Dr by ex)
1
(e·e e3 ·e x )
x
1
e(e 2 x e 2 )

put ex = t ex dx = dt
1 dt 1 1 t 1
I= = 2 tan = 2 =
e et e
2 2
e ee e 2 4 4e2

1
2. (c): f ( x )dx 2 (area of trapezium OABC)
1

3. (c): Put x3 = t 3x2 dx = dt

when x = 1, t = 1; when x = 4, t = 64
esin t
4 64 64
3 sin x3 d
e dx dt = F (t ) dt F (64) F (1)
1
x 1
t 1
dt

dt
4. (c): Put ex = t exdx = dt dx =
t
x dt
5. (d): [sec 1 t ]x 2
2
t t 2
1 2

1/ 2 e x (2 x 2 ) 1/ 2 1 x 1
6. (c): dx = ex dx
1
(1 x) 1 x 2 1 1 x (1 x ) 1 x 2

1
7. (a): Put x = ; when x = 0, t = and when x = , t = 0
t

8. (b): Put ex –1 = t2
when x = 0, t = 0
x = log 5, t = 2

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

100
9. (a): f ( x)dx , f (x) dx = area of 200 triangles
100
y

x
–2 –1 0 1 2

1 1
shown as solid dark lines in the diagram = 200 (1) 50
2 2

10. (b): Use graph of f(x), f (x–1), f (x + 1).

8.3. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

b g(b)
8.3.1. f(g(x))g (x)dx = f(t)dt
a g(a)

Sample Problem-7:
9
dx
Evaluate : dx .
4 x 1 x
9
dx
Solution: I = dx
4 x 1 x

Put 1 x t
dx
= dt
2 x
dx
= 2dt
x
Now when x = 4, t = 1 4 =3
when x = 9, t = 1 9=4
4
2dt 4 16
So I = = 2 | ln | t || 3 = 2(ln 4 – ln 3) = ln
3
t 9
b b b
8.3.2. f(x)dx ± g(x)dx = (f(x) ± g(x))dx .
a a a

Sample Problem-8:
3
2 x2
Evaluate : dx .
2
x 4
3x2 1
3 3 3
2 x2 ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1) dx
Solution: I = dx = dx +
2
x4 3x 2 1 2
x4 3x2 1 2
x4 3x2 1
3 3
(1 (1 / x 2 )) dx (1 (1 / x 2 )) dx
= +
2
( x (1 / x)) 2 5 2
( x (1 / x)) 2 1

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- 8.5-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1 1
In 1st put x = t, in 2nd put x =y
x x
8/3 10/3
dt dy
I=
3/2
t 2
5 5/2
y 2
1
1 1 8 1 3 1 10 1 5
= tan tan tan tan
5 3 5 2 5 3 2
1 1 7 5 1 5
= tan tan
5 54 56
b b b
8.3.3. f(x)dx = f(t)dt = f(y)dy
a a a

i.e. variable of integration in definite integral is a dummy variable.

Sample Problem-9:
1
1 2 x, x 0
Evaluate f ( x)dx , where f(x) = .
1
1 2 x, x 0
1 0 1 0 1
Solution: f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx = (1 2 x) dx (1 2 x ) dx
1 1 0 1 0

= [ x x 2 ]0 1 [x x 2 ]10 = 4
b a
8.3.4. f(x)dx = - f(x)dx
a b

Sample Problem-10:
3
dx
Evaluate .
2 x 4 x2 1
3
dx
Solution: I =
2 x 4 x2 1
1 dt
Put x = dx =
t t2
1/3 1/3
dt dt
So I = =
1/2 t 2
1 4
1 1/ 2 4 t2
t t2
1/2 3 17 1
= ln t 4 t2 | = ln
1/3 2 37 1
b c1 c2 b
8.3.5. f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx + ......... + f(x)dx where f(x) may be piece wise continuous
a a c1 cn

function or its’s value be changeable over interval x [a , b] .

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-8.6 -
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Sample Problem-11:
3
Evaluate | x 2 1| dx .
2
3 1 1 3
Solution: | x 2 1| dx = | x 2 1| dx | x 2 1| dx | x 2 1| dx
2 2 1 1

(Here modulus function will change at the points, when x2 – 1 = 0 i.e. at x = ± 1)

1 1 3
So I = ( x 2 1) dx (1 x 2 )dx ( x 2 1) dx
2 1 1

x 3 1 x3 1 x 3 3
= x | x | x|
3 2 3 1 3 1

2 2 2 2 2 28
= 6 =
3 3 3 3 3 3
b b
8.3.6. f(x)dx = f(a + b - x)dx .
a a

Sample Problem-12:
7
x dx
Evaluate .
2
x 9 x
7
x dx
Solution: ......(i)
2
x 9 x
7
9 x
I= dx
2
9 x 9 (9 x)
7
9 x
I= dx .......(ii)
2
9 x x

adding (i) and (ii), we get

7 7
x 9 x 7
2I = dx = dx = x | = 5
2
x 9 x x 9 x 2
2

5
So I =
2
a a
8.3.7. f(x)dx = (f(x) + f(-x)dx .
-a 0

Sample Problem-13:
3
dx
Evaluate x
.
3
(1 e ) (1 x 2 )

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- 8.7-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

3
dx
Solution: I = x
3
(1 e ) (1 x 2 )
1
Here f(x) = x
(1 e ) (1 x 2 )
1 ex
f(–x) = =
(1 e x )(1 ( x) 2 ) (1 e x ) (1 x 2 )
3
dx 3
so I = = tan 1
x | =
0
1 x2 0 3

a
a 2 f(x)dx if f(x) is an even function (f(-x) = f(x))
8.3.8. f(x)dx = 0
-a
0 if f(x) is an odd function (f(-x) = - f(x))

Sample Problem-14:
a
a x
Evaluate dx
a
a x
a a a a
a x a x dx x dx
Solution: I dx dx = a
a x a2 x2 a 2
x 2
a2 x2
a a a a

a
dx x
= a.2 0 ( is an odd function)
0 a 2
x 2
a 2
x2
a
x
= 2 a sin 1
2a[sin–1(1) –sin–1(0)] = 2a 0 = a
a 0 2
2a a a a
2 f(x)dx if f(2a - x) = f(x)
8.3.9. f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(2a - x)dx = 0
0 0 0 0 if f(2a - x) = - f(x)

Sample Problem-15:
x dx
Evaluate .
0
1 cos 2 x

x dx
Solution: I =
0
1 cos 2 x

( x) dx ( x) dx
I= =
0
1 cos 2 ( x) 0
1 cos 2 x

Addition both, we get

dx dx
2I = I =
0
1 cos x 2 2 0 1 cos 2 x
/2 /2
dx dx
=
2
0
1 cos x 2
0
1 cos 2 ( x)

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-8.8 -
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

/2
sec 2 x dx
= put tan x = t
0
2 tan 2 x

dt 1 t 2
I = = tan | =
0
t2 2 2 2 0 2 2

Sample Problem-16:
dx
Evaluate
0
1 2sin 2
x

dx
Solution:
0
1 2sin 2
x
2a a
dx
/2
=2 f ( x)dx 2 f ( x )dx, if f 2 a x f (x)
0
1 2sin 2 x 0 0
/2 /2
sec 2 xdx sec 2 xdx
=2 =2
0
sex 2 x 2 tan 2 x 0
1 3 tan 2 x

(Note that in the beginning we can not divide Nr . and Dr. by cos2x, as cos x = 0 at x = /2)
dt
=2 , (tan x = t)
0
1 3 t 2

1 2
=2 tan 1 t 3 =
3 0 3 2 3
b 1
8.3.10. f(x)dx = (b - a) f((b - a)x + a) dx
a 0

Sample Problem-17:
4 2/3
Prove that e( x 4)2
dx = 3 e9( x 2/3) 2
dx .
5 1/3
2/3
Solution: Let I = 3 e9( x 2/3) 2
dx
1/3
2
1 2 1 1 2
2 1 9 x
= 3 e 3 3 3 3
dx
3 3 0
2
1 x 1 1
9
= e 3 3
dx = e( x 1) 2
dx
0 0
4 1
( x 4)2
Also e dx = e( x 1)2
dx
5 0

Alternative : x + 4 = 3t – 2

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- 8.9-
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.3:
1. Which one of the following functions is not continuous on (0, )?
x
1
(a) f(x)= cot x (b) g(x) = t sin dt
0
t
3
1 0 x x sin x, 0 x
(c) h (x) = 4 (d) l (x) = 2
2 3
2sin x x sin( x ), x
9 4 2 2
/2 /4
2. If I = ln (sin x) dx then ln (sin x cos x) dx =
0 /4

I I I
(a) (b) (c) (d) I
2 4 2

t sin t dt
3. If f (x) = for 0 < x <
0 1 tan 2 x sin 2 t 2

(a) f (0+) = –
2
(b) f
4 8

(c) f is continuous and differentiable in 0,

2

(d) f is continuous but not differentiable in 0,

2

4. The value of the integral (cos px sin qx)2 dx where p, q are integers, is equal to :

(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 2

3
5. The value of the definite integral 2x 5(4 x 5) 2x 5(4 x 5) dx =
2

7 3 3 5 4 7 7 2 5
(a) (b) 4 2 (c) 4 3 + (d)
3 2 3 3 2
1 3
dt t 2 sin 2t
6. If x satisfies the equation x2 – dt x – 2 = 0 (0 < < ), then the
0
t2 2t cos 1 3
t2 1

value x is
2sin sin
(a) ± (b) ± (c) ± (d) ± 2
2sin sin
b c
7. f ( x c) dx =
a c

b b b 2c b
(a) f ( x ) dx (b) f ( x c) dx (c) f ( x) dx (d) f ( x 2 c) dx
a a a 2c a

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-8.10-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

/ 2n
dx
8. =
0
1 tan n nx
n
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4n 4 2n
a
9. f ( x) dx =
a
a a
(a) f (x) f ( x ) dx (b) f ( x) f ( x) dx
0 0
a
(c) 2 f ( x) dx (d) Zero
0
1
3
2
1
10. | x 3 | |1 x | 4 dx equals:
1
2
2

3 9 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 8 4 2
Where {*} denotes the fractional part function.

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.3:

x
1
1. (d): g (x) = t sin dt
0
t

g (x) = x sin(1/x) which is diff cont. in (0, )

x sin x, 0 x
l (x) = 2
sin( x ), x
2 2
obvious discontinuity at x = /2
/4 /4
2. (a): I1 = ln (sin x + cos x) dx = ln (cos x sin x) dx (using property 8.3.6)
/4 /4

/4 /4 /2
2 I1 = ln cos 2x dx = 2 ln (cos 2x) = ln (cos t) dt where 2x = t
/4 0 0

/2
ln (sin t) dt = I I1 = I/2
0

t sin t
3. (c): f (x) = dt
0 1 tan 2 x sin 2 t

using property 8.3.6 and add.

/2
sin t sin t
f (x) = dt = dt
2 0 1 tan x sin t
2 2
0 1 tan x (1 cos 2 t )
2

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- 8.11 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

/2 1
sin t dy
= dt =
0 sec x tan x cos t
2 2 2
0 sec x tan 2 x . y 2
2

y x
1 1
dy
= = sin 1
sin 1 (sin x)
tan x 0 cos ec 2 x y 2 tan x cos ecx 0 tan x tan x

4. (d): I = (cos px sin qx) 2 dx

I= (cos px sin qx) 2 dx (using property 8.3.6)

2I = 2 (cos 2 px sin 2 qx) dx

I= (2 cos 2 px 2sin 2 qx ) dx = (1 cos 2 px) (1 cos 2 qx) dx

0 0

=2
5. (d): Put 4x 5 = 5t2 4dx = 10t dt or better will be 5(4x – 5) = t2
7 7
5 3/ 2 5
5 5 5 5
I= (1 t 2 ) 5t (1 t 2 ) 5t t dt = | t 1| | (t 1)| t dt
2 3
2 2 2 3
5 5

7
3/ 2 1 5
5
= (1 t ) (1 t ) t dt (t 1) (t 1) t dt
2 3 1
5

7
3/ 2 1 5
5
= 2 t dt t 2 dt
2 3 1
5

3
t 2 sin 2t
6. (d): dt = 0 as the integrand is an odd function.
3
t2 1

t cos
1 1
dt 1
also = tan 1 =
0
t2 2t cos 1 sin sin 0 2sin

Thus the given equation reduces to

sin
x2 –2=0 x=± 2
2sin

7. (a): Put x + c = t
2 2
1 dt 1 (cos t ) n
8. (b): nx = t; I = n
= dt
n 0
1 (tan t ) n 0
(sin t ) n (cos t ) n

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-8.12-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

a a
9. (a): I = f ( x) dx = f ( x) dx
a a

a a
2I = f ( x) f ( x) dx = 2 f ( x) f ( x) dx ( as integral is even)
a 0

1
3
2
1
10. (c): | x 3 | |1 x | 4 dx
1
2
2
7
1 3 2
1 1 1
3 x 1 x 4 dx + 3 x x 1 4 dx + x 3 x 1 4 dx
1
2 1
2 3
2
2
7 7 7
1 2 1 2 1 2
= { x} dx {x 4}dx = (1 x) dx { x} dx = (1 x) dx ( x 3) dx
1 3 1 3 1 3
2 2 2

8.4. PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

a+np p
8.4.1. If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f(x)dx = n f(x)dx, n I .
a 0

Sample Problem-18:
n v
Prove that | sin x | dx (2n 1) cos v , where n N and 0 v< .
0
n v v n v
Solution: I = | sin x | dx = | sin x | dx | sin x | dx I1 I2
0 0 v
v v
I1 = | sin x | dx sin dx (as 0 v< and sin x 0, when n [0, ])
0 0
v
= cos x | = – cos v + 1 = 1 – cos v
0
n v
I2 = | (sin x) | dx = n | (sin x) | dx = n sin dx = n cos x 0 = 2n
v 0 0

So I = 1 – cos v + 2n = (2n + 1) – cos v

np p
8.4.2. If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f(x)dx = (n - m) f(x)dx, n, m I .
mp 0

Sample Problem-19:
10
Evaluate {2 x}dx , where {.} denotes the fractional part of x.
3/2

Solution: f(x) = {2x}is a periodic function with period 1/2

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- 8.13 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

10 20(1/2)
Let I = {2 x}dx = {2 x}dx
3/2 3(1/2)
1/2
= 23 2x dx (as {2x} = 2x – [2x] and when x [0, 1/2), [2x] = 0)
0
1/2 23
= 23 x 2 | =
0 4
b+np b
8.4.3. If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f(x)dx = f(x)dx, n I .
a+np a

Sample Problem-20:
10
3
Evaluate (sin x cos x) dx .
10
6

Solution: f(x) = sin x + cos x is periodic with period 2

10
3 /3 /3
Let I = (sin x cos x) dx = (sin x cos x) dx = (sin x cos x) |
/6
10 /6
6

3 1 1 3
= = 3 1
2 2 2 2

Sample Problem-21:
1
x3 . e x dx .
4
Find
1

x )4
Solution: Let f(x) = x3 e x , then f(–x) = (–x)3 . e( x3e x = –f(x)
4 4

Hence f(x) is an odd function.

1 1
f ( x) dx = 0 ; or x 3 e x dx 0
4

1 1

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.4:
20
1. If I = | sin x | [sin x]dx (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function), then the value of I is
20

(a) – 40 (b) 40 (c) 20 (d) –20

x
2. The value of [cos t ]dt , x (4 n 1) ,(4n 3) and n N is equal to
0 2 2

(a) (2n 1) 2 x (b) (2n 1) x (c) (2n 1) x (d) (2n 1) x

2 2 2 2

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-8.14-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

3
3. The value of the definite integral | sin x | dx is
0

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 8

1 3
4. The value of the definite integral | sin x | dx is
1

(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12

1 3T
5. If f is odd and periodic function with period T then value of definite integral f ( x) dx is
1 3T

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) none of these

16 /3
6. If | sin x | dx , then the value of is
0
2

(a) 9 (b) 21 (c) 18 (d) none of these

n
[ x]dx
7. Value of D.I. 0
n
(where [x] and {x} are integral and fractional parts of x and n N) is
{x}dx
0

n 1
(a) n + 1 (b) n –1 (c) (d) none of these
n 1
n ( /4)
8. The value of D.I. | sin x cos x | dx is
/4

(a) 2n (b) 2n (c) 2 2n (d) none of these

9. Let f be a real, valued function satisfying f (x) + f (x + 4) = f (x + 2) + f (x + 6). Then graph of

x 8
f (t ) dt is
x

(a) a line parallel to x-axis (b) a line parallel to y-axis

(c) a line parallel to y = x (d) none of these

10. A periodic function with period 1 is integrals over any finite interval. Also for two real numbers a,
a n b m
b and for two unequal non-zero positive integers m and n, f ( x)dx f ( x )dx . Then the
a b
n
value of f ( x )dx is
m

(a) m – n (b) m + n (c) 0 (d) none of these

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- 8.15 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.4:

20 20
1. (a): | sin x | [sin x]dx = | sin x | ([sin x ] [ sin x ])dx
20 0

= –20 sin xdx = – 40

0

2 2n /2 x
2. (c): I = n [cos t ]dt [cos t ]dt [cos t ]dt
0 2n 2n ( / 2)

3. (b): Period of |sin x| is .

1 3 3
4. (a): | sin x | dx | sin x | dx 3 | sin x | dx 6
1 0 0

5. (c): Put y = x – 3 T
1 3T 1
f ( x) dx f ( y 3T ) dy f ( y ) dy 0
1 3T 1 1

16 /3 5 5 ( /3)
6. (b): | sin x | dx | sin x | dx | sin x | dx
0 0 5

7. (b): Period of {x} is 1.

8. (c): |sin x + cos x| = 2 | sin (x + /4)|

and |sin (x + /4)| is periodic with period .

9. (b): f (x) + f (x + 4) = f (x + 2) + f (x + 6) ...(i)

Replacing x by x + 2

f (x + 2) + f (x + 6) = f (x + 4) + f (x +8) ....(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get f (x) = f (x + 8)

so, period of f (x) is 8

x 8 8
f ( x)dx f ( x )dx
x 0

which is clearly a constant function.

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-8.16-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

10. (c): Given f (1 +x) = f (x)

a n 1
so f ( x )dx n f ( x ) dx ( f (x) is periodic)
a 0
b m 1
and f ( x )dx m f ( x)dx
b 0
1 1
so (n – m) f ( x )dx 0 f ( x) dx 0 ( n–m 0)
0 0
m n m 1
f ( x) dx f (m x) dx ( n m) f ( x )dx 0
n 0 0

8.5. DIFFERENTIATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL (LEIBNITZ RULE)

f 2 (x)
8.5.1. If F(x) = g(t)dt then F (x) = g(f 2 (x))f2 (x) - g(f1 (x))f1 (x)
f1 (x)

Sample Problem-22:
If a, b are variable real numbers such that a + b = 4, a < 2 and f ( x) 0 x R , then prove that
a b
f ( x )dx f ( x ) dx will increase as (b – a) increases.
0 0

Solution: Let (b – a) = t
b+a=4
4 t 4 t
b ,a
2 2
4 t 4 t
2 2
Let g(t) = f ( x) dx f ( x )dx
0 0

4 t 1 4 t 1
So, g (t) = f f
2 2 2 2
1 4 t 4 t
= f f
2 2 2

Now a < 2 and a + b = 4

a<b
4 t 4 t
f f ( as f ´(x) > 0 f (x) is increasing)
2 2

g (t) > 0
g(t) will increases as t increases
a b
f ( x) dx f ( x ) dx will increases as (b – a) increases
0 0

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- 8.17 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

Sample Problem-23:
4
Find the value of | sin x | dx
0
4
Solution: We know that |sin x| is a periodic function of . Hence | sin x | dx 4 | sin x | dx 4 sin xdx
0 0 0

= 4 cos x 0
8
b b
dI
8.5.2. If I(t) = f(x, t)dx , then = f (x, t)dx , where f (x, t) denotes the derivative of f w.r.t. ‘t’
a
dt a

keeping x constant.

Sample Problem-24:
xt 1
1
Evaluate : dx (t 0) .
ln x
0

xt 1 xt ln x
1 1
dI
Solution: Let I(t) = dx dx
ln x dt ln x
0 0

xt 1 1
1
1 dt
= xt dx = | = dI
t 10 t 1 t 1
0

dt
dI
t 1

I = ln |t + 1| + c

but at t = 0, I(t) = 0

So c = 0

Hence I = ln |t + 1|

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.5:

1. A continuous and differentiable function ' f ' satisfies the condition ,

x
f (t) d t = f 2 (x) 1 for all real ' x ' and f ( x) 0 . Then :
0

(a) ' f ' is monotonic increasing x R

(b) ' f ' is monotonic decreasing x R

(c) ' f ' is non monotonic

(d) the graph of y = f (x) is a parabola.

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-8.18-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

x sin 2
/2
ln (1 )
2. If f (x) = 2
d ,x 0 then :
0
sin

(a) f (t) = t 1 1 (b) f (t) =

t 1

(c) f (x) cannot be determined (d) none of these.

x
sin t
3. Let f (x) = dt (x > 0) then f (x) has :
0
t

(a) Maxima if x = n where n = 1, 3, 5,..... (b) Minima if x = n where n = 2, 4, 6,......

(c) Maxima if x = n where n = 2, 4, 6,...... (d) The function is monotonic
x2
sin x ·sin
4. If f x .d then the value of f ' , is
2 /16 1 cos 2 2

(a) (b) – (c) 2 (d) 0

x3
S ( x)
5. Let S (x) = ln t d t (x > 0) and H (x) = . Then H(x) is :
x2
x

(a) continuous but not derivable in its domain

(b) derivable and continuous in its domain
(c) neither derivable nor continuous in its domain
(d) derivable but not continuous in its domain.
x
t dt
6. If f (x) = eg(x) and g(x) = then f (2) has the value equal to :
2
1 t4

(a) 2/17 (b) 0

(c) 1 (d) cannot be determined
n
n
7. lim , x > 0 is equal to
n
k 1 n 2
k 2 x2
tan 1 ( x) tan 1 ( x)
(a) x tan–1(x) (b) tan–1(x) (c) (d)
x x2
2x x
dt 1
8. Let l = lim and m = lim ln t dt then the correct statement is
x
x
t x x ln x 1

(a) l m = l (b) l m = m (c) l = m (d) l > m

x2
9. If x · sin x = f (t ) dt where f is continuous functions then the value of f (4) is
0

(a) (b) 1
2
1
(c) (d) can not be determined
2

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- 8.19 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

x
x
10. lim f (t )dt is equal to :
x x1 x x1 x1

f x1
(a) (b) x1 f (x1) (c) f (x1) (d) does not exist
x1

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.5:

1
1. (a): Differentiating f (x) = 2 f (x). f (x) f (x) = (f (x)) 0)
2

Hence f (x) = (x/2) + c. Put x = 0 ; f (0) = c ; but f 2 (0) = 1

f (0) = ± 1

Hence f (x) = (x/2) ± 1

/2 /2
dI sin 2 dI d
2. (a): d =
dx 0
sin 2
(1 x sin 2 ) dx 0
1 x sin 2

Multiply Nr. and Dr. by sec2 and proceed

sin x x cos x sin x
3. (a,b): f (x) = ; f (x) =
x x2

Now f (2 m ) we have f (x) > 0 & f ((2 m 1) ) we have f (x) < 0

x2 x2
sin sin x sin
4. (a): f ( x) sin x .d ; f ' (x) = sin x ·2 x 0 d cos x
2 /16 1 cos 2
1 cos 2 x 2
16
1 cos 2

f'
2

5. (b): S (x) = l n x3. 3 x2 l n x2. 2 x = 9 x2 l n x 4x ln x

S ( x)
= x ln x (9 x = l n x (9 x 4).
4). Hence
x
S ( x)
Now it is obvious that is continuous and derivable in its domain.
x
x
6. (a): f (x) = eg (x). g (x) ; g (x) =
1 x4
2 2
hence f (2) = eg (2). g (2) = e0. =
17 17
7. (c): Use limits sum property.
x
ln t
ln x ln x
8. (a): l = lim (ln 2x – ln x) = ln 2 ; m = 1
= lim = lim =1
x x ln x x
x·
1
ln x
x 1 ln x
x

Hence l × m = ln 2 · 1 = ln 2 = l

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-8.20-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

9. (a): differentiate w.r.t. x, 2x f (x2) = sin x + x cos x

put x = 2, 4· f (4) = 0 + 2 f (4) = ; when x = – 2, (–4) · f (4) = – 2 , f (4) =
2 2
x
f (t ) dt
x1 f ( x). x 2
10. (b): lim = lim (using Lopital's rule) = x1 f (x1)
x x1 x x1 x x1 x1
x

8.6. APPROXIMATION IN DEFINITE INTEGRAL

b b b
8.6.1. If f1 (x) f(x) f 2 (x) x [a, b] , then f1 (x)dx f(x)dx f2 (x)dx .
a a a

Sample Problem-25:
1
dx
Prove that .
0 4 x2 x3 4 2

Solution: 0 x 1
0 x3 x2 1 – x2 – x2 0
4 –x2 – x2 4 – x2 – x3 4 – x2
1 1 1
4 x 2
4 x 2
x 3
4 2x2
1 1 1
dx dx dx
0 4 x 2
0 4 x 2
x 3
0 4 2 x2
1
dx
6 0 4 x2 x3 4 2

8.6.2. If absolute maximum and minimum value of f(x), when x [a, b] is M and m respectively,
b
then m(b - a) f(x)dx M(b - a) .
a

Sample Problem-26:
dx
Prove that .
3
10 5 0
x 3
10 x 9sin x 5 5

Solution: Let f(x) = x3 + 10 x + 9 sin x + 5

f ( x) = 3x2 + 10 + 9 cos x > 0 x R

f(x) is entirely increasing

1
is decreasing in (0, )
f ( x)

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- 8.21 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1 1
Absolute maximum of f(x) in [0, ] is and absolute minimum is 3
5 10 5

dx
so 3
10 5 0
x3 10 x 9sin x 5 5

8.7. Evaluation of limit of a sum

Let f (x) be a continuous function defined on the closed interval [a, b], then
n 1 b
Lt h f (a rh ) = f ( x)dx
h 0 r 0
n a
nh b a

For the case when a = 0 and b = 1, this formula gives

1n 1 r 1
Lt f = f ( x)dx
n nr 0 n 0

Sample Problem-27:
1 1 1
Evaluate I = Lt ......... .
n n 1 n 2 n n
1 1 1 1
Solution: I = Lt .........
n n 1 1n 1 2
n 1 n
n

1 n 1
= Lt
n n r 1 1 nr
1
1
= dx
0 1 x
= log |1 + x|01
= log 2

Sample Problem-28:
1 1 1 1
Evaluate lim ..... .
n
4n 1 4n 4 4n 9 3n
1 1 1 1
Solution: L = lim .....
n
4n 1 4n 4 4n 9 3n
n
1
= lim
n
r 1 4n 2
r2
n
(1 0) 1
= lim
n
r
n 2
1 1 0
4 0 r
n

Which is of the form

n
b a b a
lim f a r
n
r 1
n n

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-8.22-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1
Here b = 1, a = 0 and f(x) =
4 x2
1
dx 1 x1
So L = = sin | =
0 4 x2 20 6

Sample Problem-29:
n2 n2 1
Evaluate lim ......... .
n ( n 1) 3
( n 2) 3 64n
n2 n2 1
Solution: L = lim .........
n ( n 1) 3
( n 2) 3 64n
3n
n 2
= lim
1 (n r )
n 3
r

Put 3n = m, we get
m
m2 / 9
L = lim 3
n
r 1 m
r
3
3

m
3 1
= Lim
n
r 1 m 3r
1
m
3
dx 1 3 15
= = | =
0
(1 x ) 3
2(1 x) 2
0 32

Sample Problem-30:
1 1 1
Show that Lim ... = ln6
n n 1 n 2 6n
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution: lim ... = lim ...
n n 1 n 2 6n n n 1 n 2 n 5n

5n 5n
1 1 1
lim = lim
n
r 1 n r n n r 1
r
1
n
Lower limit of r = 1
1
Lower limit of integration = lim 0
n n
Upper limit of r = 5n.
5n
Upper limit of integration = lim 5
n n

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- 8.23 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

5
1 5
from (1) dx ln (1 x ) 0
0
1 x

= ln6 – ln1 = ln6

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.6 & 8.7:

2 2 2
x2 x2 x2
1. Let I1 = e sin( x) dx ; I2 = e dx ; I3 = e (1 x) dx and consider the statements
0 0 0

I I1 < I2 II I2 < I3 III I1 = I3

Which of the following is(are) true?

(a) I only (b) II only

(c) Neither I nor II nor III (d) Both I and II

4
2. lim sec2 sec2 2· ..... sec 2 ( n 1) has the value equal to
n 6n 6n 6n 6n 3
3 2
(a) (b) 3 (c) 2 (d)
3 3
1 1

3. lim (1 x) dx is equal to
0
0

4 4
(a) 2 ln 2 (b) (c) ln (d) 4
e e

1 n n n n
4. lim 1 ....... has the value equal to
n n n 1 n 2 n 3 n 3 ( n 1)

(a) 2 2 (b) 2 2 1 (c) 2 (d) 4

19
sin x
5. The absolute value of is less than :
10
1 x8
10 11 7 9
(a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 10 (d) 10
2 n
1 t
6. lim 1 dt is equal to
n n 10 n 1

(a) 0 (b) e2 (c) e2 – 1 (d) does not exist

x h
1 dt
7. Let f (x) = lim , then lim x · f ( x) is
h 0 h x t 1 t2 x

1
(a) equal to 0 (b) equal to (c) equal to 1 (d) non existent
2

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-8.24-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

2 (n 1)
8. lim 1 cos cos ..... cos equal to
n 2n 2n 2n 2n

(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 2 (d) none of these

k 1
1
9. lim (1 sin 2 x) x dx
k 0 k0

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) e2 (d) non existent

r 4n
n
10. The value of lim 2
is equal to
n
r 1 r 3 r 4 n

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
35 14 10 5

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-8.6 & 8.7:

1. (d): since 0 < sin x < 1 and 1 + x > 1 in (0, /2)

hence I3 > I2 > I1

r
2. (a): Tr = sec 2
6n 6n
n
r
1 1
x x 1 3
S= Tr sec2 = sec2 dx = tan = =
6n r 1 6n 6 0 6 6 0 3 3
1 1 1 1
(1 x)
1 1 1
2 1
3. (b): lim (1 x) dx = lim = lim (1 form)
0
0
0 1 0
0 1
1 1
1 2 1 1 2 2 2(2 1) 4
lim lim lim 1 ln
e 4
=e e e = e2 ln 2 – 1 = e
0 1 0 ( 1) 0
=
e
3n
n
3
n
3
1 1 1
4. (c): Tr = S= = dx
n n r n r 0 n r 0
1 x

19
19
sin x
19
sin x 19
dx dx x 7
19
5. (c): dx < =
10
1 x8 10
1 x8 10
1 x8 10 x8 7 10

1 7 1
= [19 10 7] = [10 7 19 7] < 10 7 ]
7 7
n n 1 2 n 1
t t
2
1 2
6. (c): lim 1 dt = lim 1 = lim 1 1 = e2 – 1
n n 10 n 1 n n 1 n n 1
0

t
1 is a linear function
n 1

7. (d): f (x) = 1 x 2 x ; lim x 1 x2 x –

x

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- 8.25 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

r
8. (a): Tr = cos
2n 2n
1n1 r
1
x
S= · cos · = cos dx = 1
2 nr 0 2 n 20 2
k 1
(1 sin 2 x) x dx
9. (c): l = lim 0
k 0 k

differentiating
1 1
lim (sin 2 k )
Using L'opital rule l = lim (1 sin 2 k ) k = e k 0k
= e2
k 0

1
10. (c): Tr = 2
r r
·n 3 4
n n
4n 4
1 1 dx
S= =
n 1 r
2
r 0
x (3 x 4)2
3 4 ·
n n
3 1
put 3 x 4 =t dx dt
2 x
10 4
2 dt 2 1 2 1 1 2 6 1
= = = ·
3 4
t2 3 t 10 3 4 10 3 40 10

MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Sample Problem-31:

Evaluate :
a
dx a
a x
(i) (ii) dx.
0 ax x 2
a a x
a
dx
Solution: (i)
a a
2 2
0
x
4 2
a a
1 x (a / 2) 1 2x a
= sin = sin
( a / 2) 0
a 0

= [sin–1 1 – sin–1 (–1)] = 2 sin–1 (1) = 2 =

2

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-8.26-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

(ii) Put x = a cos : [0, ]; then, dx = –a sin d . Hence,

a
a x 0
1 cos
dx = ( a sin ) d
a a x 1 cos
2 sin 2 ( / 2)
=a . 2 sin cos d
2 cos 2 / 2) 2 2

=a 2 sin 2 d
2
=a (1 cos ) d

=a sin 0
= a( ) = a

Sample Problem-32:
/2
sin x /2 1
1
Evaluate : (i) dx (ii) log sin x dx (iii) log 1 dx
sin x cos x x
/2
sin x
Solution: (i) I = dx
0 sin x cos x

/2
sin x
2
= dx
sin x cos x
2 2
/2
cos x
= dx .
cos x sin x
/2
sin x cos x /2
2I = dx = dx =
sin x cos x 2

I =
2
/2
(ii) I = log sin x dx
/2
= log sin x dx
2
/2
= log cos x dx
/2
2I = (log sin x log cos x) dx
/2
= log (sin x cos x) dx
/2
sin 2 x /2 /2
= log dx = log sin 2x dx – log 2 dx
2
/2
=– log 2 + log sin 2x dx (Put 2x = t)
2
1
=– log 2 + log sin t dt
2 2

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- 8.27 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

/2
1
=– log 2 + (2) log sin t dt . [As sin ( – t) = sin t]
2 2
2I =– log 2 + I
2
or I =– log 2
2
/2 /2 /2
Note: log sin 2x dx = log (sin x) dx = log (cos x) dx = – log 2.
0 2
(iii) (Put x = cos2 t : cos t > 0 ; then, dx = –2 cos t sin t dt)
1
1
I = log 1 dx
x
0
=– log (sec2 t 1). 2 cos t sin t dt
/2
/2
= log (tan 2 t ) . sin 2t dt
0
/2
= 2 sin 2 t . log (tan t ) dt
0
/2
= 2 log(cot t ).sin 2t dt
0
/2
2I = 2 log(tan t.cot t ) sin 2t dt = 0
0

Sample Problem-33:
1
Evaluate : (i) I= | cos x | dx (ii) I= | 2 x 1| dx
0 2
4
4x 3, 1 x 2
(iii) I= f ( x) dx , where f ( x)
1 3x 5, 2 x 4

Solution: (i) I =2 | cos x | dx ( | cos( – x) | = | cos x |)

0

=2 cos x dx 2 (sin x) 0 = 2(1) = 2.

0
1
(ii) I = | 2 x 1| dx (put 2x + 1 = z)
2

13
= | z | dz
2 3
3
= | z | dz
0

9
= .
2
2 4 2 4
(iii) I = f ( x) dx + f ( x) dx = (4 x 3) dx + (3x 5) dx
1 2 1 2
4
3x2
= (2 x 2
3 x) 2
1 5x = 9 + 28 = 37.
2 2

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-8.28-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Sample Problem-34:
3 b
Evaluate: (i) I = ( x2 x) dx (ii) I = sin x dx as limit of a sum
1 a

Solution: (i) f (x) = x2 + x, a = 1, b = 3, nh = 3 – 1 = 2.

n
I = lim h f ( a rh)
n r 1
n
= lim h ((a rh) 2 ( a rh))
n r 1

n
= lim h r 2 h2 rh(2 a 1) (a 2 a)
n r 1

n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1)

= lim h3 . (2 a 1) h2 n( a 2 a) h
n 6 2
2(2 h )(4 h) 2(2 h)
= lim (2 a 1) 2( a 2 a)
h 0 6 2
8
= 6 4
3
38
=
3
b
(ii) I = sin x dx
a
n
= lim h sin( a rh)
h 0 r 1

h
2h n
= lim 2sin sin( a rh)
h h r 1
0 2
sin
2
h
n h h
= lim 2 cos a hr cos a hr
h 0 h r 1 2 2
sin
2
h
h h
= lim 2 cos a cos a nh
h 0 h 2 2
sin
2
= cos a – cos b

Sample Problem-35:
x2
t2 5t 4
If F(x) = dt , find critical points of F(x).
0 4 e 2t
Solution: By Leibnitz Rule,
( x 2 )2 5x 2 4
F (x) = . (2 x)
4 e2 x
2

F (x) = 0
(x4 – 5x2 + 4)x = 0

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- 8.29 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

(x2 – 4)(x2 – 1 )x = 0
x = 0, ±1, ±2
These are the critical points of F(x).

Sample Problem-36:
x log x
Show that I = dx 0 .
(1 x 2 ) 2
0

x log x 1
x log x x log x
Solution: dx = dx dx
0 (1 x )2 2
0 (1 x2 )2 1 (1 x2 )2
Put x = 1/y in the second integral
x log x 0
y 4 log y
dx = dy
1 (1 x )
2 2
1 y (1
3
y 2 )2
1
y log y
= dy
0 (1 y 2 )2
1
x log x 1
y log y
Thus I = dx dy
0 (1 x )
2 2
0 (1 y 2 )2
= 0.

Sample Problem-37:
1
e x dx e.
2
Show that 1
0

Solution: e x is an increasing function in [0, 1]. Further, e0 ex x

2 2
e1 [0, 1]
1 1 1 1
2
1 dx e x dx e dx or 1 e x dx e.
2

0 0 0 0

Sample Problem-38:
3
Evaluate I= (| x 2| 2 [ x]) dx , where [x] is the greatest integer function.
1
3
Solution: I1 = | x 2 | dx ; Put x – 2 = y
1
1
= | y | dy
3
1 1
= y dy 2 y dy
3 0

1
= – [ y 2 ] 13 [ y 2 ]10
2
=4+1=5
3
I2 = [ x] dx
1
0 1 2 3
= dx 0 dx dx 2 dx
1 0 1 2

=–1+0+1+2=2

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-8.30-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

I = I1 + 2 I2
=9

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- 8.31 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

Sample Problem-39:
6
1
dx equal to
3 (x 1)
6
1
Solution: I dx log( x 1)
6
=
3 (x
3
1)
6
1
= dt log(t 1) 3
6

3 (t 1)

Sample Problem-40:
3
4

Evaluate: I = d .
4
1 sin
3
4
Solution: I = d
1 sin
4
3
4
= d
1 sin
4
3
4
d
2I = ; Put = y
1 sin 2
4

4
dy
=
1 cos y
4

4
dy
= 2
01 cos y
4
y
I = sec 2 dy
20 2
y
/4

= tan
2 0

= tan
8
= ( 2 1)

Sample Problem-41:
1
3
x4 2x
If I= cos 1
dx , find its value.
1 1 x4 1 x2
3
1
3
x4 2x
Solution: I = cos 1
dx
1 1 x4 1 x2
3
1
3
x4 2x
= cos 1
dx
1 1 x4 1 x2
3

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-8.32-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

1
3
x4 2x
= cos 1
dx
1 1 x4 1 x2
3
1
3
x4
2I = dx
1 1 x4
3
1
3
x4
= 2 dx
0 1 x4
1
3
1
I = ( 1) 1 dx
0 1 x4
1
3
1 1
= dx
3 2 0 1 x2 1 x2
1
3
1 1
= . dx
3 2 6 4 0 1 x 1 x
1
2
|1 x | 3
= log
3 12 4 |1 x | 0

2
3 1
= log
12 3 4 3 1

Sample Problem-42:
T T x
Let f (x) be an odd function in the interval , with period T. Prove that F(x) = f (t ) dt is
2 2 a

periodic function with period T.

x T
Solution: F(x + T ) = f (t ) dt
a

x x T
= f (t ) dt + f (t ) dt
a x

= F(x) + I(x)
x T
where I(x) = f (t ) dt
x
T
2
= f (t ) dt = 0 (since f is an odd function)
T
2

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- 8.33 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

CHAPTER ASSIGNMENT
STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
a
x4
1. dx =
0 a2 x2
3 a4 a4 a4
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
16 16 8
1
2x
2. sin 1
dx =
0 1 x2

(a) + log 2 (b) + log 2 (c) – log 2 (d) none of these

2 4 2
/2
3. The value of the definite integral, [(sin 1 (cos x) cos 1 (sin x))]dx is equal to where [.] denotes the
0

greatest integer function.

3 6 3 4 3 1 3 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
/2 a sin x b cos x
4. dx
0 sin x cos x

(a) (b) ( a b) (c) (a b) (d) ( a b)

4 2 4
/3
5. The value of [ 3 tan x]dx (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function).
0

5 5 1 2 1 2
(a) (b) tan (c) tan (d) none of these
6 6 3 2 3

cos2 x
6. The value of dx is
1 ax
(a) (b) a (c) /2 (d) 2
x
f (t )dt
7. If f(x) is a continuous function and f (0) = 0, then lim
0
is equal to
x 0 x
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) –1
x
cos t
8. The points of extremum of the function (x) = dt ( x 0, 0 a / 2) are
a t
(a) x = K , K 0,1, 2, ... (b) x = 2K , K = 0, 1, 2, ....
2
(c) x = (2 K 1) , K 0,1, 2, ... (d) x = (K + 1) , K = 0, 1, 2, ....
2

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-8.34-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

2
dx 2
1
9. If I1 = and I2 = dx , then
1 1 x 2
1 x
(a) I1 < I2 (b) I1 > I2 (c) I1 = I2 (d) I1 > 2I2

ecos x
10. dx is equal to
0 ecos x e cos x

(a) (b) 2 (c) /4 (d) /2

x2
sin t dt
11. lim
0
is equal to
x 0 x3
(a) 1/3 (b) 1 (c) 2/3 (d) none of these
a
12. The value of a which satisfies sin xdx sin 2a is
/2

(a) /2 (b) 3 /4 (c) 7 /4 (d) 11 /4

/4
13. The value of (tan n x tan n 2
x) d ( x [ x]) , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is
0

1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
n 1 n 1 n 1
an 1
n
x dx
14. The value of is
1 a x x
n

a an 2 na 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2n 2n
21
15. [ x]3 dx , where [x] is greatest integer function, is equal to
0

2
20 21 20 21 41 20 21
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 6 2

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

1

16. A function f(x) which satisfies the relation f ( x ) e x e x f (t )dt , then

0

(a) f(0) < 0 (b) f(x) is a decreasing function

1

(c) f(x) is an increasing function (d) f ( x)dx 0

5
x
et
17. Let f :[1, ) R and f ( x) x dt e x , then
1 t
(a) f(x) is an increasing function (b) lim f ( x)
x

(c) f (x) has a maxima at x = e (d) f(x) is a decreasing function

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- 8.35 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1
2 x2 3 x 3
18. The value of dx is
0 ( x 1)( x 2 x 2)
2

1
(a) 2 log 2 tan 1 2 (b) 2log 2 tan 1

4 4 3

(c) 2 log 2 cot 1 3 (d) log 4 cot 1 2

4
sin(2n 1) x sin nx
/2 /2 2

19. If An dx; Bn dx for , n N, then

0
sin x 0
sin x
(a) An 1 An (b) Bn 1 Bn (c) An 1 An Bn 1 (d) Bn 1 Bn An 1

dx
20. The value of is
01 x4
( x 2 1) dx
(a) same as that of (b)
0 1 x4 2 2
x dx
2
(c) same as that of (d)
01 x4 2
/4

21. If I n tan n x dx(n 1 and is an integer), then

0

1 1
(a) I n In (b) I n In
n 1 n 1
2 2

1 1
(c) I 2 I4 , I4 I6 ,.... are in HP (d) In
2(n 1) 2( n 1)
x
22. If f ( x) | t 1| dt , where 0 x 2 , then
0

(a) range of f(x) is [0, 1] (b) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1

(c) f(x) = cos–1 x has two real roots (d) f (1/2) = 1/2
b
f ( x)
23. If dx 10 , then
a f ( x) f ( a b x)

(a) b = 22, a = 2 (b) b = 15, a = – 5 (c) b = 10, a = – 10 (d) b = 10, a = – 2

1
24. The value of e x x
dx is
2

(a) < 1 (b) > 1 (c) e 1/ 4

(d) e 1/4

25. If f ( x) 9cos(sin t ) cos(cos t ))dt , then f ( x ) is

0

(a) f ( x) f( ) (b) f ( x) 2 f ( ) (c) f ( x ) f (d) f ( x) 2 f

2 2

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-8.36-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

Comprehension-1
x
Let f (x) and (x) are two continuous functions on R satisfying (x) = f (t )dt , a 0 and another
a
2k
continuous function g (x) satisfying g (x + ) + g (x) = 0 x R, 0 and g (t ) dt is independent
b

of b.

26. If f (x) is an odd function, then

(a) (x) is also an odd function
(b) (x) is an even function
(c) (x) is neither as even nor an odd function
a
(d) for (x) to be an even function, it must satisfy f ( x)dx 0
0

27. If f (x) is an even function, then

(a) (x) is also an even function
(b) (x) is an odd function
(c) If f (a –x) = – f (x), then (x) is an even function
(d) If f (a –x) = – f (x), then (x) is an odd function

28. Least positive value of c if c, k, b are in A.P. is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) 2

Comprehension-2
b
Suppose in the definite integral a
f ( x ) dx , the upper limit b is , then to obtain the value of
b b t
a
f ( x ) dx , we may say that a
f ( x) dx lim a
f ( x) dx where t > a. If the limit exists finitely, then
t

the value of the limit is defined as the value of the symbol a

f ( x ) dx , otherwise the integral is

supposed to be non existent.

We can have another case of Improper integrals. It may happen that f (x) as x a or
b
x b. In this case, the principal value of the definite integral a
f ( x ) dx is defined as
b b
a
f ( x) dx lim f ( x) dx (f (b) is finite).
h 0 a h

If this limit exists finitely, the value of the limit is defined as the value of the integral.
b h
Similarly if f (x) as x b, then its value is lim f ( x) dx
h 0 a

This should be noted that f (x) should not have any other discontinuity in [a, b] otherwise this will
lead to erroneous conclusions.

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- 8.37 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

29. x log x dx must be

1
The value of 0

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) – (d) none of these
2 4 4
30. xe x2
dx must be equal to
0

1 1
(a) (b) – (c) 1 (d) 0
2 2
x2
sin t dt
31. The value of lim 0
must be
x 0 x3
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 3

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

32. Match the following definite integrals with their values
/2
A. logsin x dx (p) – log2
0
/2 2
B. logsin 2x dx (q) log 2
0 2
C. log(1 cos x) dx (r) log 2
0 2
D. x log sin x dx
0

33. A. If f (x) = min {2 sin x, 1– cos x, 1} then 0

f ( x)dx is equal to (p)
4
5
| x cos x | dx
2
B. 2
(q) 1 3
6
n n n n 8
C. lim ... (r)
n n2 n 2
1 n 2
4 2n 2
2n 1
x| x| , x 1
8
D. Let f (x) = [ x 1] [1 x], 1 x 1 (s)
3
x|x| , x 1

where [·] denotes the greatest integer function, then value of

f ( x) dx is equal to
2
2

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

a /3
1 dx
34 dx , then m is. 35. , then m is
0 x a 2
x 2 m /6
1 cot x 4m

x2
cos t 2 dt
/2
sin 2 x
36. lim 0
is 37. dx is
x 0 x sin x /2 1 cos x
3

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-8.38-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

cos x
/4
/2
38. x 2 sin 1
x dx is 39. dx
/4
/2 1 ex

1 /2 dx [x] 1 3
40. 41. If f (t ) dt [ x] , then f ( x ) dx
/2 (1 sin x)sec 2 x [x] 2

1 [ x 1]
42. [ x[1 sin x] 1]dx 43. dx
1 0 e5 x 2

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- 8.39 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS QUESTIONS
3
1. The value of |1 x 2 | dx is [AIEEE-2004]
2

28 1 7 14
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
/2
(sin x cos x) 2
2. The value of I = dx is [AIEEE-2004]
0 1 sin 2 x
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
/2
3. If xf (sin x)dx = A, f (sin x )dx then A is [AIEEE-2004]
0 0

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) (d)

4

ex f (a ) f (a)
I2
4. If f (x) = , I = xg{x (1 x )} dx and I2 = g{ x(1 x )} dx , then the value of
1 ex I1
1
f ( a) f ( a)

is [AIEEE-2004]

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) –3

1 1 2 2

5. If I1 2 x dx, I 2 2 x dx, I 3 2 x dx, and I 4 2 x dx , then

2 3 2 3
[AIEEE-2005]
0 0 1 1

(a) I3 = I4 (b) I3 > I4 (c) I2 > I1 (d) I1 > I2

cos2 x
6. The value of dx, a 0, is [AIEEE-2005]
1 ax

(a) /a (b) 2 (c) a (d) /2

7. Let f (x) be a function satisfying f (x) = f (x) with f (0) = 1 and g (x) be a function that satisfies
f (x) + g(x) = x2. Then the value of integral f ( x) g ( x) dx is
1
0
[AIEEE-2003]

e e2 3 e2 3 e e2 5 e e2 5
(a) (b) e (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
t
8. If f (y) = ey, g(y) = y; y > 0 and F(t) = 0
f (t y ) g ( y )dy , then [AIEEE-2003]

(a) F(t) = et – (1 + t) (b) F(t) = t et (c) F(t) = te–t (d) F(t) = 1 – et(1+ t)
b
9. If f (a + b – x) = f (x), then a
xf ( x ) dx is equal to [AIEEE-2003]

a b b a b b
(a) a
f ( x) dx (b) a
f ( x ) dx
2 2
a b b a b b
(c) a
f ( a b x) dx (d) a
f (b x) dx
2 2

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-8.40-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

10. x (1 x) n dx is
1
The value of the integral I = 0
[AIEEE-2003]

1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n 2 n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2 n 1
x 2

sec 2 t dt
11. The value of Lt 0
is [AIEEE-2003]
n 0 x sin x
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3

d e sin x 43
12. f (x) = , x > 0. If 1 esin x dx = F(k) – F (1) then one of the possible value of k is
3
Let
dx x x
(a) 16 (b) 63 (c) 64 (d) 15 [AIEEE-2003]

13. tan n d , then Lt n(I n I n 2 ) equals

/4
If In = 0
[AIEEE-2002]
x

1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d)
2

14. [ x 2 ] dx is equal to
2
0
[AIEEE-2003]

(a) 2 2 (b) 2 1 (c) 2 2 (d) 2 2

x
6

15. The value of the integral, dx is [AIEEE-2006]

3 9 x x
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/2 (d) 2
/2
16. [( x )3 cos 2 ( x 3 )] dx is equal to [AIEEE-2006]
3 /2
4 4
(a) ( / 4) 1 (b) / 32 (c) ( / 32) /2 (d) /2

17. x f (sin x ) dx is equal to [AIEEE-2006]

0
/2 /2

(a) f (cos x ) dx (b) f (cos x) dx (c) f (sin x) dx (d) f (sin x ) dx

0 0 0
2 0

a
18. The value of [ x] f ( x) dx , a > 1, where [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x, is
1

[AIEEE-2006]
(a) a f([a]) – {f(1) + f(2) + ... + f(a)} (b) a f(a) – {f(1) + f(2) + ... + f([a])}
(c) [a] f(a) – {f(1) + f(2) + ... + f([a])} (d) [a] f([a]) – {f(1) + f(2) + ... + f(a)}

1 x
log t
19. Let F(x) = f (x) + f , where f (x) = dt . Then F(e) equals [AIEEE 2007]
x 1 1 t

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 0

Amity Institute for Competitive Examinations : Phones: 011-24336143/44, 24331000-2, 0120-2431839/42

- 8.41 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1
sin x 1
cos x
20. Let I = dx and J = dx . Then which one of the following is true? [AIEEE 2008]
0 x 0 x
2 2 2 2
(a) I < and J < 2 (b) I < and J > 2 (c) I > and J < 2 (d) I > and J > 2
3 3 3 3

21. cot x dx , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is equal to : [AIEEE 2009]
0

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) (d)

2 2
22. Let p(x) be a function defined on R such that p´(x) = p´(1 – x), for all x [0,1], p (0) 1 and
1
p(1) = 41. Then p ( x) dx equals [AIEEE 2010]
0

(a) 42 (b) 41 (c) 21 (d) 41

1
8log(1 x)
23. The value of dx is [AIEEE 2011]
0 1 x2
(a) log 2 (b) log 2 (c) log 2 (d) log 2
8 2
x
24. If g(x) = cos 4t dt , then g(x + ) equals [AIEEE 2012]
0

g ( x)
(a) (b) g(x) + g( ) (c) g(x) – g( ) (d) g(x) . g( )
g( )

/3
dx
25. Statement - I : The value of the integral is equal to [JEE-Mains 2013]
/6
1 tan x 6
b b
Statement - II : f ( x)dx f (a b x)d x
a a

(a) Statement - I is true; Statement - II is false

(b) Statement - I is false; Statement - II is true
(c) Statement - I and II is true; Statement - II is a correct explanation for Statement - I
(d) Statement - I and II is true; Statement - II is not a correct explanation for Statement - I

x x
26. The integral 1 4sin 2 4sin dx is equals [JEE-Mains 2014]
0
2 2
2
(a) –4 (b) 4 4 3 (c) 4 3 4 (d) 4 3 4
3 3
4
log x 2
27. The integral dx is equal to : [JEE-Mains 2015]
2
log x 2
log(36 12 x x2 )

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 6

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-8.42-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

3
4
dx
28. The integral is equal to [JEE-Mains 2017]
1 cos x
4

(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 4

2
sin 2 x
29. The value of dx is; [JEE-Mains 2018]
1 2x
2

(a) (b) (c) (d) 4

4 8 2

30. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a –x) = 4, then
a

f ( x ) g(x )dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2019]

0
a a a a

(a) 4 f ( x )dx (b) 2 f ( x )dx (c) 3 f ( x )dx (d) f ( x )dx

0 0 0 0

/4
dx
31. The integral equals [JEE-Mains 2019]
/6
sin 2 x(tan 5 x cot 5 x )

1 1 1 1
(a) tan 1
(b) tan 1

10 4 9 3 5 4 3 3
1 1 1
(c) (d) tan
10 20 9 3
e 2x x
x e
32. The integral log e xdx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2019]
1
e x
1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
(a) e (b) (c) (d) e
2 e2 2 e 2 e2 2 e 2e2 2 2 e2

n n n 1
33. lim ... is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2019]
n n 2
1 2
n 2
2 2
n 2
3 2
5n

(a) (b) tan–1(2) (c) tan–1(3) (d)

4 2

34. The value of | cos x |3 dx is: [JEE-Mains 2019]

0

(a) 0 (b) 4/3 (c) 2/3 (d) –4/3

35. Let f be a differentiable function from R to R such that |f(x) – f (y)| 2|x – y|3/2, for all x, y R. If
1
f(0) = 1 then f 2 ( x)dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2019]
0

(a) 0 (b) 1/2 (c) 2 (d) 1

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- 8.43 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

/3
tan 1
36. If d 1 ,(k 0), then the value of k is: [JEE-Mains 2019]
0 2k sec 3

(a) 2 (b) 1/2 (c) 4 (d) 1

b
37. Let I = ( x4 2 x 2 ) dx. If I is minimum then the ordered pair (a, b) is: [JEE-Mains 2019]
a

(a) ( 2,0) (b) ( 2, 2) (c) (0, 2) (d) ( 2, 2)

dx
/2
38. The value of , where [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to t, is:
/2 [ x ] [sin x] 4

[JEE-Mains 2019]
1 3 1 3
(a) (7 5) (b) (4 3) (c) (7 5) (d) (4 3)
12 10 12 20
x 1
39. If f (t )dt x2 t 2 f (t )dt , then f (1/2) is: [JEE-Mains 2019]
0 x

6 24 18 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 25 25 5

sin 2 x
2
40. The value of the integral dx (where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than 20Cr or equal
2
x 1
2
to x) is : [JEE-Mains 2019]

(a) 4 (b) 4 – sin4 (c) sin 4 (d) 0

41. If f (a + b + 1 – x) = f(x), for all x, where a and b are fixed positive real numbers, then
b
1
x( f (x ) f ( x 1)dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]
a ba
b 1 b 1 b 1 b 1
(a) f ( x ) dx (b) f ( x 1) dx (c) f ( x 1) dx (d) f ( x ) dx
a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1

42. If 1
and 2
be respectively the smallest and the largest values of in (0, 2 ) – { } which satisfy the
5 2

equation, 2 cot 2 4 0, then cos 2 3 d is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]

sin 1

2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 6 9 3
2
|x|
43. The value of for which 4 e dx 5, is: [JEE-Mains 2020]
1

3 4
(a) log e (b) log e (c) loge2 (d) log e 2
2 3
2
dx
44. If I , then: [JEE-Mains 2020]
1 2x 3
9x 2 12 x 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) I2 (b) I2 (c) I2 (d) I2
9 8 16 9 6 2 8 4

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-8.44-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

2
x sin 8 x
45. The value of dx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
0
sin 8 x cos 8 x
2 2
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d)
1

46. If for all real triplets (a, b,c), f (x) = a + bx + cx2; then f ( x )dx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
0

1 1 1
(a) f (1) 3 f (b) 2 3 f (1) 2 f
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(c) f (0) f (1) 4 f (d) f (0) f
6 2 3 2

47. Let a function f : [0, 5] R be continuous, f (1) = 3 and F be defined as: [JEE-Mains 2020]
x t
F( x ) t 2 g(t )dt , where g( x ) f (u)du
1 1

Then for the function F, the point x = 1 is :

(a) a point of local minima. (b) not a critical point.

(c) a point of inflection. (d) a point of local maxima.

2
48. The integral ||x 1| x|dx is equal to___________. [JEE-Mains 2020]
0

49. | |x||dx is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]

2
2
(a) 2
(b) (c) 2 2
(d) 2
2
1/2
x2 k
50. If the value of the integral dx is , then k is equal to [JEE-Mains 2020]
0
(1 x )
2 3/2
6
(a) 2 3 (b) 3 2 (c) 3 2 (d) 2 3
3
51. Let f (x) = |x –2| and g (x) = f (f(x)), x [0, 4]. Then ( g( x ) f ( x ))dx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
0

3 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) 0 (d)
2 2
x
52. Let f (x) = dx( x 0). Then f (3) – f (1) is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
(1 x )2
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 2 4 12 2 4 12 2 4 6 2 4
/3

53. The integral tan 3 x.sin 2 3x(2 sec2 x.sin 2 3x 3 tan x.sin 6 x )dx is equal to: [JEE-Mains 2020]
/6

7 1 1 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18 9 18 2

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- 8.45 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

54. Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional part of x and the greatest integer x respectively of a real
n n
number x. If { x} dx. [ x]dx and 10(n2 – n), (n N, n > 1) are three consecutive terms of a G.P., then
0 0

n is equal to__________. [JEE-Mains 2020]

/2
1
55. The value of dx is [JEE-Mains 2020]
/2
1 esin x
3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 2
( x 1)2

t cos(t 2 ) dt
56. lim 0
[JEE-Mains 2020]
x 1 ( x 1)sin( x 1)

(a) is equal to 1 (b) is equal to ½ (c) is equal to –1/2 (d) does not exist
1 1
57. If I 1 = (1 x 50 )100 dx and I 2 = (1 x 50 )101 dx such that I2 = I1, then equals to:[JEE-Mains 2020]
0 0

5051 5050 5049 5050

(a) (b) (c) (d)
5050 5049 5050 5051
2
58. The integral e x .x x (2 log e x)dx equal: [JEE-Mains 2020]
1

(a) e(4e + 1) (b) e(2e –1) (c) 4e2 –1 (d) e(4e –1)
2
x
(sin t )dt
59. lim 0
is equal to : [JEE-Mains 2021]
x 0 x3
2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
3 2 15
a a
60. If (|x| |x 2|)dx 22,( a 2) and [x] denotes the greatest integer x, then ( x [ x])dx
a a

is equal to _______. [JEE-Mains 2021]

3
61. The value of the integral [ x 2 2 x 2]dx , where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than
1

or equal to x, is : [JEE-Mains 2021]

(a) 2 3 1 (b) 2 3 1 (c) –5 (d) –4
62. Let f(x) be a differentiable function defined on [0, 2] such that f '(x) = f '(2 – x) for all
2
x (0, 2), f(0) = 1 and f(2) = e2. Then the value of f ( x )dx is: [JEE-Mains 2021]
0

(a) 1 – e2 (b) 1 + e2 (c) 2(1 – e2) (d) 2(1 + e2)

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-8.46-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS
1
1 x
1. The value of the integral dx is [IIT Sc. 2004]
0 1 x

(a) +1 (b) –1 (c) –1 (d) 1

2 2
x
2. If g(x) = cos 4 t dt , then g(x + ) equals [IIT Sc. 1997]
0

g ( x)
(a) g(x) + g( ) (b) g(x) – g( ) (c) g(x) g( ) (d)
g( )

3. Let f be a positive function. Let

k k
I1 = x f [ x(1 x )] dx and I2 = f [ x(1 x)] dx ,
1 k 1 k

I1
where 2k – 1 > 0. Then is [IIT Sc. 1997]
I2
1
(a) 2 (b) k (c) (d) 1
2
3 /4
1
4. dx is equal to [IIT Sc. 1999]
/4 1 cos x
1 1
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) (d) –
2 2
x
5. Let f (x) = 2 t 2 dt . Then real roots of the equation x2 – f (x) = 0 are [IIT Sc. 1997]
1

1 1
(a) ±1 (b) ± (c) ± (d) 0 and 1
2 2
x 1
6. If f (t ) dt x t f (t ) dt , then the value of f (1) is [IIT Sc. 1998]
0 x

1 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –
2 2
x
7. Let f : (0, ) R and F(x) = f (t ) dt . If F(x2) = x2(1 + x), then f (4) equals [IIT Sc. 2001]
0

5
(a) (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 2
4
x
1 1
8. Let g(x) = f (t ) dt , where f is such that f (t) 1 for t [0, 1] and 0 f (t)
0 2 2
for t (1, 2]. Then g(2) satisfies the inequality, [IIT Sc. 2000]
3 1 3 5
(a) g(2) < (b) 0 g(2) < 2 (c) < g(2) (d) none of these
2 2 2 2
/2
1
9. The value of dx is [IIT Sc. 1993]
0 1 tan 3 x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 4

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- 8.47 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

cos2 x
10. The value of dx , a > 0, is [IIT Sc. 2001]
1 ax
(a) (b) a (c) (d) 2
2
1/ 2
1 x
11. The integral [ x ] ln dx equals ([·] denotes greatest integer function) [IIT Sc. 2002]
1/ 2 1 x
1 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 ln
2 2

e cos x sin x, for | x | 2 3

12. If f (x) = , then f ( x) dx = [IIT Sc. 2000]
2 otherwise 2

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

13. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose f is a continuous function such that for all
T 3 3T
x R, f (x + T) = f (x). If I = f ( x ) dx then the value of f (2 x ) dx is [IIT Sc. 2002]
0 3

3
(a) I (b) 2I (c) 3I (d) 6I
2
e2
log e x
14. The value of the integral dx is [IIT Sc. 2000]
e1 x
3 5
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 5
2 2
15. If for a real number y, [y] is the greatest integer less than or equal to y, then the value of the integral
3 /2
[2sin x]dx is [IIT Sc. 1999]
/2

(a) – (b) 0 (c) (d)

2 2
1
16. If I(m, n) = t m (1 t ) n dt , then the expression for I(m, n) in terms of I(m + 1, n – 1) is [IIT Sc. 2003]
0

2 n
n n
(a) I(m + 1, n – 1) (b) I(m + 1, n – 1)
( m 1) ( m 1) ( m 1)
2n n m
(c) I(m + 1, n – 1) (d) I(m + 1, n – 1)
(m 1) (m 1) (n 1)
x2 1
17. If f (x) = e t dt , then f (x) increases in [IIT Sc. 2003]
2

x2

(a) (2, 2) (b) no value of x (c) (0, ) (d) (– , 0)

18. Let f (x) = x – [x] for every real number x, where [·] denotes the greatest integer function. Then
1
f ( x) dx is [IIT Sc. 1998]
1

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 1/2

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-8.48-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

COMPREHENSION – I (Q.19-21) [IIT 2006]

b
b a
Suppose we define the definite integral using the formula f ( x) dx f (b) f (a) for more
a 2
b
c a b c a b
accurate level c ( a, b) f ( x) dx f ( c) f ( a) f ( b) f ( c) , when c ,
a
2 2 2
c b
b a
then f ( x) dx f ( x ) dx f (b ) f (a ) 2 f (c )
a c 4
/2
19. The value of sin x dx is [IIT 2006]
0

(a) 1 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) 1 2

8 8 4 2 4

t
(t a )
f ( x) [ f (t ) f ( a)]
2
20. Lim a
= 0, then at most degree of f(x) is [IIT 2006]
t a (t a )3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

x2
cos t 2 dt
21. lim 0
is equal to [IIT Sc. 1997]
x 0 x sin x
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –2

sin nx
22. If I n x
dx, n 0, 1, 2, , then [IIT 2009]
(1 ) sin x
10 10
(a) In = In+2 (b) I2m 1 10 (c) I 2m 0 (d) In = In+1
m 1 m 1

x
23. Let f : R R be a continuous function which satisfies f ( x) f (t )dt. [IIT 2009]
0

Then the value of f (ln 5) is

24. Match the integrals in Column I with the values in Column II and indicate your answer by
darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS. [IIT 2007 (P-I)]
Column-I Column-II
1
dx 1 2
A (p) log
11 x2 2 3
1
dx 2
B (q) 2 log
0 1 x2 3
3
dx
C (r)
21 x2 3
2
dx
D (s)
1 x x2 1 2

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- 8.49 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

x
25. Let f be a real valued function defined on the interval (0, ) by f ( x) ln x 1 sin t dt . Then
0

which of the following statement (s) is (are) true? [IIT 2010]

(a) f (x) exists for all x (0, )

(b) f (x) exists for all x (0, ) and f is continuous on (0, ) but not differentiable on (0, )

(c) there exists > 1 such that | f (x) | < | f(x) | for all x ( , )

(d) there exists > 0 such that | f(x) | + | f (x) | for all x (0, )
x
1 t ln (1 t )
26. The value of lim dt is [IIT 2010]
x 0 x3 t4 4
0

1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
12 24 64
1
x 4 (1 x ) 4
27. The value (s) of dx is (are) [IIT 2010]
0
1 x2
22 2 71 3
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
7 105 15 2
x
x
28. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval (–1, 1) such that e f (x) 2 t 4 1 dt ,
0

for all x (–1, 1) and let f–1 be the inverse function of f. Then (f–1) (2) is equal to [IIT 2010]

(a) 1 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/e

29. For any real number x, let [ x ] denote the largest integer less than or equal to x. Let f be a real
x [ x] if [ x]is odd
valued function defined on the interval [–10, 10] by f ( x)
1 [ x] x if [ x]is even
2 10
The the value of f ( x) cos x dx is [IIT 2010]
10 10

x sin x 2
ln 3
30. The value of dx is [IIT 2011]
ln 2
sin x 2 sin(ln 6 x 2 )
1 3 1 3 3 1 3
(a) ln (b) ln (c) ln (d) ln
4 2 2 2 2 6 2

x
/2

31. The value of the integral x2 ln cos x dx is [IIT 2012]

/2
x
2 2 2
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 4 (d)
2 2 2

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-8.50-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

Paragraph for Question 32 to 32 [IIT 2013]

x
2 t 1
Let f(x) = (1 – x)2 sin2x + x2 for all x IR and let g(x) = ln t f (t ) dt for all x (1, ) .
1
t 1

1
32. Let f : ,1 (the set of all real numbers) be a positive, non-constant and differentiable
2
1
1
function such that f ´(x) < 2f (x) and f 1 . Then the value of f ( x ) dx lies in the interval
2 1/2

e 1 e 1
(a) (2e – 1, 2e) (b) (e – 1, 2e – 1) (c) ,e 1 (d) 0,
2 2

33. Let f : [a, b] [1, ] be a continuous function and let g: R R be defined as

0 if x a
x
g(x) f (t ) dt if a x b . Then [JEE-Advanced 2014]
a
b
f (t )dt if x b
a

(a) g (x) is continuous but not differentiable at a

(b) g (x) is differentiable on R
(c) g (x) is continuous but not differentiable at b
(d) g (x) is continuous and differentiable at either a or b but not both

dt
1
x t
34. Let f : (0, ) R be given by f (x) = e t
. Then [JEE-Advanced 2014]
t
1
x

(a) f (x) is monotonically increasing on [1, ] (b) f (x) is monotonically decreasing on (0, 1)
1
(c) f (x) + f = 0, for all x (0, ) (d) f (2x) is an odd function of x on R
x

1 d2
35. The value of 4 x3 (1 x2 )5 dx [JEE-Advanced 2014]
0 dx 2

36. Let f : [0, 2] R be a function which is continuous on [0, 2] and is differentiable on (0, 2) with
x2

f(0) = 1. Let F ( x) f ( t ) dt for x (0, 2), then F(2) equals [JEE-Advanced 2014]
0

(a) e2 – 1 (b) e4 – 1 (c) e – 1 (d) e4

2
37. The following integral (2cosec x)17 dx is equal to [JEE-Advanced 2014]
4

log(1 2) log(1 2)
(a) 2(eu e u )16 du (b) (e u e u )17 du
0 0

log(1 2) log(1 2)
(c) (eu e u )17 du (d) 2(eu e u )16 du
0 0

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- 8.51 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

Paragraph For Questions 38 and 39

1 h
Given that for each a (0, 1), lim t a (1 t )a 1 dt exists. Let this limit be g(a). In addition, it is
h 0
h

given that the function g(a) is differentiable on (0, 1). [JEE-Advanced 2014]

1
38. The value of g is
2

(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)

2 4

1
39. The value of g is
2

(a) (b) (c) (d) 0

2 2

40. P. The number of polynomials f(x) with non-negative integer coefficients 1. 8

1
of degree 2, satisfying f(0) = 0 and f ( x) dx 1 , is
0

Q. The number of points in the interval 13, 13 at which 2. 2

f(x) = sin (x2) + cos(x2) attains its maximum value, is

2 3x 2
R. dx equals 3. 4
2 (1 e x )

1 x
1
2
cos 2 x log dx
1
2
1 x
S. equals 4. 0
1
1 x
2
cos 2 x log dx
0 1 x

(a) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4 (b) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1
(c) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (d) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4 [JEE-Advanced 2014]
1
12 9 x 2
41. If e9 x 3tan 1
dx where tan–1 x takes only principal values, then the value of
0 1 x2
3
log e |1 | is [JEE-Advanced 2015]
4

1
42. Let f : be a continuous odd function, which vanishes exactly at one point and f (1) .
2
x x
Suppose that F ( x) f (t ) dt for all x [ 1, 2] and G ( x ) t | f ( f (t )) | dt for all x [ 1,2] . If
1 1

F (x) 1 1
lim , then the value of f is [JEE-Advanced 2015]
x 1 G ( x) 14 2

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

43. Let f ( x ) 7 tan 8 x 7 tan 6 x 3tan 4 x 3tan 2 x for all x , . Then the correct
2 2

expression(s) is(are) [JEE-Advanced 2015]

/4 /4 /4 /4
1 1
(a) xf ( x) dx (b) f ( x )dx 0 (c) xf ( x) dx (d) f ( x) dx 1
0
12 0 0
6 0

192 x3
1
1
44. Let f ´( x) for all x with f 0 . If m f ( x) dx M , then the possible
2 sin 4 x 2 1/ 2

values of m and M are [JEE-Advanced 2015]

1 1
(a) m = 13, M = 24 (b) m ,M (c) m 11, M 0 (d) m 1, M 12
4 2

45. The option(s) with the values of a and L that satisfy the following equation is(are)
4
et (sin 6 at cos 4 at ) dt
0
L? [JEE-Advanced 2015]
et (sin 6 at cos 4 at )dt
0

e4 1 e4 1
(a) a 2, L (b) a 2, L
e 1 e 1
e4 1 e4 1
(c) a 4, L (d) a 4, L
e 1 e 1
x
t2
46. The total number of distinct x [0, 1] for which dt 2 x 1 is. [JEE-Advanced 2016]
0
1 t4
x
2
x 2 cos x
47. The value of dx is equal to [JEE-Advanced 2016]
1 ex
2
2 2
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2
e2 (d) 2
e2
4 4
x
n
n n
nn x n x ... x
2 n
48. Let f ( x) lim , for all x > 0. Then [JEE-Advanced 2016]
n n 2
n2
n! x 2 n2 x2 ... x 2
4 n2
1 1 2 f´ 3 f ´(2)
(a) f f (1) (b) f f (c) f´ 2 0 (d)
2 3 3 f (3) f (2)

k 1 k 1
49. If I dx , then [JEE-Advanced 2017]
98
k 1 k
x( x 1)
49 49
(a) I (b) I log e 99 (c) I (d) I log e 99
50 50

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- 8.53 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

sin( 2 x )
50. If g( x) sin 1(t )dt , then [JEE-Advanced 2017]
sin x

(a) g´ 2 (b) g´ 2 (c) g´ 2 (d) g´ 2

2 2 2 2
x x t
51. Let f :[0, 8) R be a continuous function such that f(x) = 1 – 2x + e f (t )dt for all
0

x [0, ). Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? [JEE-Advanced 2018]

(a) The curve y =f (x) passes through the point (1, 2)

(b) The curve y =f(x) passes through the point (2, –1)
2
(c) The area of the region {(x, y) [0, 1] × R : f(x) y 1 x 2 } is
4
1
(d) The area of the region {(x, y) [0, 1] × R : f(x) y 1 x 2 } is
4
1/2
1 3
52. The value of the integral dx is ........ [JEE-Advanced 2018]
0 (( x 1) (1 x )6 )1/4
2

/4
2 dx
53. If I sin x
, then 27 I2 equals...... [JEE-Advanced 2019]
/4 (1 e )(2 cos2 x )

x
54. Let f : R R be given by f (x) = (x – 1) (x –2) (x – 5). Define F( x ) f (t )dt , x 0 . Then which of
0

the following options is/are correct? [JEE-Advanced 2019]

(a) F(x) 0 for all x (0, 5)
(b) F has a local minimum at x = 1
(c) F has a local maximum at x = 2
(d) F has two local maxima and one local minimum in (0, )
/2
3 cos
55. The value of the integral d equals .................. [JEE-Advanced 2019]
0 ( cos sin )5

56. Which of the following inequalities is/are TRUE? [JEE-Advanced 2020]

3 3 1 2
(a) x cos x dx (b) x sin x dx (c) x 2 cos x dx (d) x 2 sin x dx
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
8 10 2 9

57. Let : be a differentiable function such that its derivative is continuous and ( )=
x
If :[0, ] is defined by F ( x) ( f (t ) dt , and if ( f '( x) F ( x)) cos x dx 2 , then the value
0 0

of (0) is _____ [JEE-Advanced 2019]

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-8.54-
Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

CHAPTER TEST
SECTION-I: STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 1 to 5. Each question has 4 choices

(A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY-ONE is correct.

x2
d2 y
1. If y = log (1 t ) dt , then value of equals
0 dx 2 x 0

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1/4 (d) 4

/3
2. The value of cosec xd (sin x) for 0 < x < is
/4
2

1 sin1 / 2
(a) ln 2 (b) ln 2 (c) ln (d) none of these
2 sin1/ 2

3. If f (cos x ) dx , then f (cos x ) dx is equal to

0 0

1
(a) (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) none of these
2

4. If a, b, c be nonzero real numbers such that

1 2
(1 cos 8 x )( ax 2 bx c )dx (1 cos 8 x )( ax 2 bx c )dx
0 0

then the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has

(a) no root in (0, 2) (b) at least one root in (1, 2)

(c) at least one root in (0, 1) (d) two imaginary roots
/2
5. The value of ( p sin 3 x q sin 4 x p sin 5 x ) dx : depends on
/2

(a) p (b) q (c) p and q (d) none of these

SECTION-II: MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 6 to 10. Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.
x
3t
6. Let f (x) = dt , where x > 0, then
1
1 t2

(a) for 0 < < ,f( )<f( ) (b) for 0 < < ,f( )>f( )
(c) f ( x) tan x, x 1
1
(d) f ( x) tan 1 x, x 1
4 4

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

b a b
7. If | sin x | dx 8 and | cos x | dx 9 , then
0 0
9 a b
(a) a + b = (b) |a – b| = 4 (c) 15 (d) sec2 xdx 0
2 b a
1
2 x2 3x 3
8. The value of dx
0
( x 1)( x 2 2 x 2)
1
(a) 2 log 2 tan 1 2 (b) 2 log 2 tan 1
4 4 3
(c) 2 log 2 – cot–13 (d) log 4 cot 1 2
4
dx
1
9. If In = , where n N, which of the following statements holds good?
0
(1 x 2 ) n
1
(a) 2n In + 1 = 2–n + (2n –1)In (b) I2 =
8 4
1 3 1
(c) I2 = (d) I3 =
8 4 32 4
x u
10. f (t ) dt du is equal to
0 0
x x x x
(a) ( x u ) f (u ) du (b) uf ( x u )du (c) x f (u )du (d) x uf (u x)du
0 0 0 0

SECTION- III: LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

This section contains 1 Paragraphs. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice questions
have to be answered. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY
ONE is correct.

Let f be a function of x defined in the closed interval [a, b] and f be another function such that
b
f (x) = f (x) x [a, b], then f ( x )dx | ( x ) c|ba (b) ( a) is called the definite integral of
a

the function f (x) over [a, b].

Methods used in indefinite integrals will be helpful in evaluating Definite Integrals.
/2
11. sin 2 x.tan 1 (sin x ) dx is equal to
0

(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) –1 (d) none of these

2
/2
1 2 cos x
12. dx is equal to
0 (2 cos x )2

(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 0

x
13. dx is equal to
0 1 cos 2 x
2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 2 4

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

SECTION- IV: MATRIX MATCH TYPE

This Section contains 4 multiple choice questions. Each question has matching lists. The codes for
lists have choice (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE may be correct.

14. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list
/4
n( n 1) (4n 1)
A. (tan n x tan n 2 x ) dx (p)
0 6
n
[ x ] dx
0 1
B. n
(q)
{ x} dx n
0
n2
C. [ x ] dx (r) n–1
0
/2
1 n cos x 3
D. dx (s)
0 (n cos x)2 n 1

SECTION- V: INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

This section contains 8 questions. The answer to each of the question is a single digit integer,
ranging from 0 to 9. The bubble corresponding to the correct answer is to be darkened in the
ORS.

15. If P(x) is a polynomial of the least degree that has a maximum equal to 6 at x = 1, and minimum
8 1
equal to 2 at x = 3, then P( x) dx equals.
19 0

ex f (a) f (a) I2
16. If f (x) = , I1 xg ( x (1 x)) dx and I 2 f ( x(1 x)) dx, then value of is..
1 ex f ( a) f ( a) I1
1 1
17. If cot 1 (1 x x 2 )dx tan 1 xdx, then /2 is equal to .....
0 0

1 dt 1
18. If f (x) = , then 2. f ´ is equal to ......
01 |x t| 2
x 1
19. If f (t ) dt x tf (t )dt , then the value of 2f (1) .....
0 x

1 x
20. The value of x 1 cos t dx, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function is ....
2 2

2
21. sin100 x cos 99 xdx
0

1 1
22. If t 2 f (t ) dt 1 cos x x 0, , then the value of f , where [.] denotes greatest
cos x 2 3
integer function, is ......

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- 8.57 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

ANSWERS
Chapter Assignment
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c)
16. (a,b) 17. (a,b) 18. (a,c,d) 19. (a,d) 20. (b,c)
21. (b,c,d) 22. (a,b,d) 23. (a,b,c) 24. (a,c) 25. (a,d)
26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. A-(r); B-(r); C-(p); D-(q) 33. A-(q); B-(r); C-(p); D-(s)
34. (4) 35. (3) 36. (1) 37. (0) 38. (0)
39. (1) 40. ( ) 41. (0) 42. (2) 43. (0)

Chapter Assignment Hints

1. (a): Put x = a sin .
dx = a cos d .

2. (c): Put x = tan

dx = sec2 d

3. (a): Put cos x = sin x and sin x = cos x

2 2
[(sin–1(cos x) + cos–1(sin x))] = [ – 2x]
d r
4. (d): Nr = Dr + N , now compare like terms on both sides
dx

5. (c): [ 3 tan x] = 0 0<x<

6
2
[ 3 tan x] = 1 x tan 1

6 3
2
[ 3 tan x] = 2 tan 1
x
3 3

cos2 x cos 2 x (cos( x)) 2

6. (c): dx dx dx
1 ax 0
1 ax 0
1 a x

7. (a): Using L. Hospital Rule:

x
f (t )dt
f ( x)
lim 0
= lim = lim f ( x ) = f (0) = 0
x 0 x x 0 1 x 0

8. (c): Using Leibnitz’s rule

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

cos x
(x) =
x

clearly (x) = 0

when cos x = 0

so x = (2k 1) . k = 0, 1, 2, ......
2

9. (a): Use graph of ln x.

a a
10. (d): Use property: f ( a x) dx f ( x )dx
0 0

x2
sin t (2 x )sin | x |
11. (d): lim 0
= lim
x 0 x 3 x 0 3x2
2 sin | x |
= lim
x 0 3 x

2 sin | x | sin | x |
= lim lim does not exist
3 x 0 x x 0 x
a
12. (a): sin xdx = – cos a = sin 2a
/2

a = /2

13. (a): When 0 < x < , x – [x] = x

4
/4 /4
tan n 2 x(1 tan 2 x)d ( x [ x]) tan n 2 x.sec 2 xdx
0 0

b b
14. (c): Use property f ( x) dx f (a b x )dx
a a

2
21 20 21
15. (c): [ x]3 dx 13 23 33 .... 203 =
0 2
1
16. (a,b): f (x) = ex + kex when k = f (t )dt
0

1
k= (e t ket ) dt
0

x et
17. (a,b): f '( x) dt 0 [ x [1, )]
1 t
1 2 x 2 3x 3 1 dx 1 1
18. (a,c,d): dx = 2 dx
0 ( x 1)( x 2 2 x 2) 0 ( x 1) 0 (x 2
2 x 2)
/2
19. (a,d): An + 1 – An = 2 cos 2nxdx 0 An + 1 = An
0
/2 sin(2n 1) x
Bn + 1 – Bn = = An + 1
0 sin x

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

1 x2 1 x2
20. (b,c): dx dx dx
0 1 x4 0 1 x4 0 1 x4
/4
21. (b,c,d): In + In –2 = tan n 2 x sec 2 x dx
0

1 x
22. (a,b,d): f (x) = (1 t ) dt (t 1)dt ,1 x 2
0 1

x
and f (x) = (1 t )dt , 0 x 1
0

b f ( x) b a
23. (a,b,c): dx
a f ( x) f (a b x) 2

24. (a,c): f (x) = e x x

2

f '( x) e x x
.(2 x 1) 0
2

– +
1/2
1 1 1
f(x) f ex x
dx e dx
2
1/ 4

2 0 0

x (0, 1), f (x) < f (1)

25. (a,d): f (x) is periodic with period .

x
26. (b): If f (x) is odd then f (t ) is even.
a

x
27. (d): If f (x) is even then f ( x) dx will be odd if f (a – x) = –f(x).
a

28. (d): g(x) is periodic with period 2 .

1
1 x2 1 x2
29. (c): x log xdx log x. . dx
0 2 x 2 0

dt
30. (a): Put x2 = t xdx =
2
x2
sin x 2 sin x 2
31. (c): lim 0
dx lim
x 0 x 3
3x 0 x 3

32. A-(r); B-(r); C-(p); D-(q):

/2
logsin xdx log 2
0 2
33. A-(q); B-(r); C-(p); D-(s):
y = 2 sin x

y=1

y = 1–cos x
2tan–1(2)
A. Use the graph.

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Definite Integrals AICE (IIT-JEE)

2 /2
B. 2 | x cos x | dx 2 x cos xdx x cos xdx
0 0 /2

n n n 2
C. lim ....
x n2 n 2
1 n 2
4 2n 2
2n 1
n 1
n 1 1 1
= lim lim dx
x n 2
r 2 x n r 1 1 (r / n)
2
0
1 x2
D. Use graph of given functions.

34. (4): Put x = a sin .

b b
35. (3): f ( x)dx f (a b x)dx
a a

x2 x2
cos t 2 dt cos t 2 dt
36. (1): lim 0
lim 0
x 0 x sin x x 0 x2

sin 2 x
37. (0): is an odd function.
1 cos3 x

38. (0): x2sin–1 x is an odd function.

a a
39. (1): Use f ( x)dx t (a a x)dx
a a

1 /2 cos2 xdx 1 /2
40. ( ): (1 sin x) dx
/ 2 (1 sin x) /2

3
41. (0): f ( x) dx 2 1 0 1 2 0
2
1 1 1
42. (2): [ x[1 sin x] 1]dx [ x[sin x] x ]dx 1dx = I1 + 2
1 1 1

I1 = 0 as integrand becomes zero when we break the limits of integration from –1 to 0 and 0 to 1
respectively.
43. (0): Here, when 0 < x <
then e5x + 2 > [x + 1]
[ x 1]
so 0 1
e5 x 1

Previous Year Questions

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a,c) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (c)
16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (b)

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Definite Integrals

26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (d)
36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (d)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (d)
46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (1.50) 49. (a) 50. (d)
51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (21) 55. (d)
56. (d) 57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (3)
61. (b) 62. (b)

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (c)
16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (a,b,c) 23. (0) 24. A-(s), B-(s), C-(p), D-(r)
25. (b,c) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (4)
30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (a,c) 34. (a,c,d)
35. (2) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d)
40. (d) 41. (9) 42. (7) 43. (a,b) 44. (d)
45. (a,c) 46. (1) 47. (a) 48. (b,c) 49. (c,d)
50. (a,c) 51. (b,c) 52. (2) 53. (4.00) 54. (a,b,c)
55. (0.50) 56. (a,b,d) 57. (4.00)
Chapter Test
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
6. (a,d) 7. (a,b,d) 8. (a,c,d) 9. (a,b,d) 10. (a,b)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. A-(s); B-(r); C-(p); D-(q)
15. (2) 16. (2) 17. (1) 18. (0) 19. (1)
20. (2) 21. (0) 22. (3)

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-8.62-
 9
AREAS
9.1. DEFINITION
Let f(x) be a continuous non-negative function in the interval [a, b]. The area of the region bounded
by the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b is given by
b
f ( x) dx
a

9.2. FORMULAE FOR FINDING THE AREA UNDER BY CURVES

9.2.1. Area ABCDA bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and two ordinates x = a and x = b is given by
b
ydx, if y 0 for x [ a, b]
b
a
| y | dx
b
a
ydx, if y 0 for x [a, b]
a

y = f(x) C
B A D
x x
x= a x= b

x= a y = f(x)
x= b
C
B
x A D x

If however y i.e., f(x) changes sign in interval [a, b], say y 0 in [a, c], y 0 in [c, d] and y 0 in
[d, b], where a < c < d < b, then area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the lines x = a and
x=b
b c d b
| y | dx ydx ydx ydx
a a c d

= A1 – A2 + A3 , where A1, A2 and A3 are algebraic areas.

y = f(x)

x= a 3 x= b
1

a c x d b x
x
2

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-9.1 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

Sample Problem-1:
Find the area of smaller portion of the circle x2 + y2 = 4 cut off by the line x = 1.

Solution:
Equation of the circle is x2 + y2 = 4 and equation of the line is x = 1.
2 2 y
Required area = area ABCA 2 ydx 2 4 x 2 dx A
1 1 x +y =4
2
O x
x 22 x 2 22 x C
2 sin 1 x=1 x=2
2 2 2
1
B
3 1 4 3 3
0 2sin 1 (1) 2 2sin 1 = sq. units
2 2 3

Sample Problem-2:
Find area bounded by y = 4 – x2, x-axis and the lines x = 0 and x = 2.
y
2 2
Solution: Area = y dx = (4 x ) dx
2
4
0 0

2
x3 8 16
= 4x =8– .
3 0
3 3 O 2 x

Sample Problem-3:
Find the area bounded by the curve y2 = 2y – x and the y-axis.
y
Solution: Curve is y2 – 2y = –x B
A
or (y – 1)2 = –(x – 1). It is a parabola with
O x
vertex at (1, 1) and the curve passes through the origin.

At B, x = 0 y = 2
2
2 2
y3 4
Area = x dy = (2 y y ) dy = y 2 2
.
0 0 3 0
3

Sample Problem-4:
Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 y x}
y

Solution: Consider the functions y = x2 and y = x. A (1, 1)

Solving them, we get x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 1

x
x2 y area is above the curve y = x2. O M

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-9.2 -
Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

y x area is below the line y = x.

1
1
x2 x3 1
Area = ( x x 2 ) dx = .
0 2 3 0
6

Sample Problem-5:

Find the area of the region {(x, y) : y2 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 9}.
y
Solution: Curves are y2 = 4x which is a parabola and A
9
4x2 + 4y2 = 9 or x2 + y2 = which is a circle.
4 O C
x

At points of intersection, 4x2 + 16x – 9 = 0 B

1 9
(2x – 1) (2x + 9) = 0 or x = ,
2 2
1
Hence at A, coordinates are , 2
2
Using symmetry, required area
1/2 3/2
9
= 2 ( 4 x ) dx x 2 dx
0 1/2 4
3/2
9
1/2 x x2
2 3/2 4 9 2
= (2)2 (x ) + 2 sin 1
x
3 0 2 8 3
1/2

2 9 9 1
= sin 1
.
6 4 2 4 3

Sample Problem-6:

Find the area of the region enclosed by y = sinx, y = cosx and x-axis, 0 x .
2

Solution: At point of intersection P,

x= as ordinates of y = sin x and y = cos x are equal.
4
y
1
Hence, P is , .
4 2 P
/4 /2
Required area = sin x dx + cos x dx x
0 /4 O L /2
/4 /2
= cos x 0
+ sin x /4

1 1
= 1 + 1
2 2

=2– 2.

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-9.3 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

Sample Problem-7:

The area bounded by the continuous curve y = f (x), (lying above the x-axis), x-axis and the
ordinates x = 1 and x = b is (b – 1) sin (3b + 4). Find f(x).
b
Solution: f ( x ) dx = (b – 1) sin (3b + 4)
1

Apply Leibnitz Rule : differentiate both sides w.r.t. “b”,

f (b) = sin(3b + 4) + 3(b – 1) cos (3b + 4).

f (x) = sin (3x + 4) + 3(x – 1) cos (3x + 4)

Sample Problem-8:

A tangent is drawn to x2 + 2x – 4ky + 3 = 0 at a point whose abscissa is 3. The tangent is

perpendicular to x + 3 = 2y. Find the area bounded by the curve, this tangent, x-axis and line
x = –1.

Solution: x2 + 2x – 4ky + 3 = 0;
dy x 1
=
dx 2k

Tangent is perpendicular to x + 3 = 2y.

x 1 1
= –1 at x = 3
2k 2

or 1/k = –1 implies k = – 1

Curve becomes (x + 1)2 = – 4(y + 1/2) which is a parabola with vertex at V (–1, –1/2)

Coordinates of P are (3, –9/2)

Equation of tangent at P is y + 9/2 = – 2(x – 3)

B is (3/4, 0), C is (3, 0)

Required Area = Area (ABCPV) – Area of triangle BPC.

3
x2 2x 3 1
= dx ( BC )(CP )
1 4 2
3
1 x3 1 3 9
= x2 3x 3
4 3 1
2 4 2

1 1 81 109
= 27 (1 3) .
4 3 16 48

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-9.4 -
Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

Sample Problem-9:
Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = (tan x)n : n N and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and
1 1 1
x = . Prove that for n > 2, An + An–2 = and deduce An .
4 n –1 2n 2 2n – 2

/4
Solution: An = tan n x dx :n >2
0
/4
= tan n –2 x (sec 2 x – 1) dx
0
/4
tan n–1 x
or An = – An–2
n–1 0

1
An + An–2 = ...(i)
n–1

tann x tann–2 x (as 0 tan x 1 for 0 x )

4
An < An–2
1
An + An < An + An–2 = by (i)
n–1
1
An < ...(ii)
2( n – 1)
Similarly, An+2 < An
An+2 + An < An + An
1
or < 2 An by (i)
(n 2) – 1
1
An ...(iii)
2n 2
1 1
An by (ii) and (iii)
2n 2 2n – 2

Sample Problem-10:
x2 y2
A(a, 0) and B(0, b) are points on the ellipse 1 . Show that the area between the arc AB
a2 b2
1
and chord AB of the ellipse is ab ( – 2) .
4

b
Solution: Equation of line AB is : y = ( x a)
a
b 2
Equation of curve AB is y = a x2
a
Area of bounded region is
a
b 2 b b a2 a2 ( 2)
a x2 (x a) dx = 0 = ab
0 a a a 4 2 4

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-9.5 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

Sample Problem-11:
1
Find the area of the region bounded y = + 1, x = 1 and tangent drawn at the point P(2, 3/2) to
x
1
the curve y = + 1.
x

1 Y
Solution: Equation of tangent at P(2, 3/2) to y = + 1 is
x
N
3 1
y– = – (x – 2) or x + 4y = 8 M P
2 4
1
The curve y = + 1 has two asymptotes x = 0, y = 1. y=1
x A

Required area is area of region PMN O 1 2

X

2
1 8 x
Area = 1 dx
1
x 4
2
1 x2
= log x x
4 2 1

5
= log 2 – .
8
9.2.2. Area ABCDA bounded by two curves y = f(x), y = g(x) and two ordinates x = a, x = b is given by
b
( f ( x) g ( x ) dx, if f ( x ) g ( x) for a x b
b
a
| f ( x) g ( x) | dx =
b
a
( f ( x) g ( x)) dx, if f ( x) g ( x) for a x b
a

While using this formula f(x) is taken from the curve which lies x= b
y = g(x)
above and g(x) is taken from the curve which lies below.
If a < c < d < b and f (x) g (x) for a x c x
y = f(x)
f (x) g (x) for c x d x= a

f (x) g (x) for d x b

c d b
then shaded area = ( f ( x) g ( x)) dx ( g ( x) f ( x) dx ( f ( x) g ( x ))dx
a c d
c d b
( f ( x) g ( x) dx ( f ( x ) g ( x) dx ( f ( x) g ( x ) dx
a c d
y = f(x) y = g(x) y = f(x)

x= a y = g(x) y = f(x) y = g(x)

a c d b x

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-9.6 -
Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

Sample Problem-12:
Find the area included between the line y = x and the parabola x2 = 4y.
y
Solution: x = 4y
y=x
Equation of parabola is x2 = 4y and equation of line is y = x
B
A
Solving we get x2 = 4x
C
or, x(x – 4) = 0 O x

x = 0, 4
line y=x cuts parabola at two points O and B, x co-ordinate of O is 0 and x coordinate of B is 4
4 4
x2
Required area = area OCBAO = ( y1 y2 ) dx x dx
4
0 0

3 4
x2 x 16 64 8
sq. units..
2 12 2 12 3
0

9.2.3. Area ABCDA enclosed by the curve x = f(y), y-axis and two abscissae y = c and y = d is given by
d
xdy, if x 0 for c y d
d
c
| x | dy =
d
c
xdy , if x 0 for c y d
c
y
y

B y=d y=d
C
x = f(y)
d
A y=c D
O
c
O x
y=c

Sample Problem-13:
Find the area bounded by the curve x = 2 – y – y2 and y–axis.
1 y
Solution: The required area = xdy y=1
2
x
1
= (2 y y ) dy
2
y = –2
2

1
y2 y3 9
= 2y sq. units
2 3 2
2

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-9.7 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

9.2.4. Area bounded by the two curves x = f(y), x = g(y) and two abscissae y = c and y = a is given by
d
area ABCDA = | x1 x2 | dy
c
y
d
( x1 x2 ) dy, if x1 x2 for c y d y=d
c B C
d x = g(y) x = f(y)

( x1 x2 ) dy, if x1 x2 for c y d A y=c D

c x
O

Sample Problem-14:
Determine the area enclosed by the two curves given by y2 = x + 1 and y2 = –x + 1.
Solution: Given curves are
y2 = x + 1 ... (1) and y2 = – x + 1 ... (2)
curve (1) is the parabola having axis y = 0 and vertex (–1, 0).
curve (2) is the parabola having axis y = 0 and vertex (1, 0)
y
(1) – (2) 2x = 0 x=0 C(0, 1)
y=1
From (1), x = 0 y=±1
Required area x
A (-1, 0) O B (-1, 0)
1
( x1 x2 ) dy y = –1
1 D(0, 1)

1 1
[(1 y ) ( y
2 2
1)] dy 2 (1 y 2 ) dy
1 1
1
y3 1 1 8
2 y 2 1 1 sq. units
3 3 3 3
1

OBJECTIVE QUESTION-9.1:

1. The area of the region bounded by the following curves y = 1 + |x + 1|, x = –3, x = 3, y = 0.
(a) 16 sq. units (b) 12 sq. units (c) 15 sq. units (d) none of these

2. The area of the region contained between y = x2 and y = 2 – x2 is

3 8 5 3
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units (c) sq. units (d) sq. units
8 3 8 5

3. The area within the curve |x| + |y| = 4 is

(a) 4 sq. units (b) 8 sq. units (c) 16 sq. units (d) 32 sq. units

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-9.8 -
Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

4. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = |x – 1| and y = 1 is

1
(a) 2 sq. units (b) 1 sq. units (c) sq. units (d) none of these
2
x2 y2
5. The area of smaller region bounded by the ellipse = 1 and the line 4x + 5y – 20 = 0 is
25 16
(a) 5( – 2) sq. units (b) 2( – 2) sq. units
(c) 3( – 2) sq. units (d) none of these
2
6. The area bounded by y sin x between x = 0 and x = is
4
1 3
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2

7. The area bounded by y = x4 – 2x3 + x2 + 3, x-axis and ordinate corresponding to minimum of f(x), is
30 91
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 1
9 30
1
8. The area bounded by y = 2x, y = log x between x = and x = 2 is
2
5 1 3
(a) log 2 (b) (4 2) (c) (d) none of these
2 log 2 2

2
9. The area bounded by curves y = x2 and y = , is
1 x2
2 2 2
(a) – (b) + (c) (d) none of these
3 3 2 3

10. The area bounded by y = 4x – x2 and y = x2 – x is divided by x-axis into two areas which are in the
ratio

(a) 30 : 1 (b) 121 : 4 (c) 31 : 1 (d) none of these

HINTS/SOLUTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTION-9.1:

1. (a): A =
3
| x 1| dx 4. (b):
3

1 1
2. (b): 2x2 = 2 A= | 2 x2 2 | dx 1
1

3. (d):
4 5. (a):

–4 4
4
5
–4

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-9.9 -
AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

2 /4
9. (a):
6. (d): A = sin xdx
0

7. (c): f (x) = 4x3 – 6x2 + 2 x = 0;

3 9 4 3 5
x= 10. (b):
2 2

2x (x2 – 3x + 1) = 0 4

8. (d):

1/2 2

9.3. CURVE SKETCHING

For the evaluation of area of bounded regions it is very essential to know the rough sketch of the
curves. The following points are very useful to draw a rough sketch of a curve.

While constructing the graph of f(x, y) = 0, it is expedient to follow the procedure given below:

(i) Find the set of permissible values of x (Domain).

(ii) Check if the curve is symmetrical about x–axis, y–axis, origin.

The symmetry of the curve is judged as follows :

(a) If all the powers of y in the equation are even then the curve is symmetrical about the
axis of x.

(b) If all the powers of x are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of y.

(c) If powers of x and y both are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of x as well as
y.

(d) If the equation of the curve remains unchanged on interchanging x and y, then the curve is
symmetrical about y = x.

(e) If on interchanging the signs of x and y both the equation of the curve is unaltered then
there is symmetry in opposite quadrants.

(iii) Find dy/dx and equate it to zero to find the points on the curve where you have horizontal
tangents.

(iv) Find the points where the curve crosses the x-axis and also the y-axis.

(v) Find the period of the curve if it is periodic

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

(vi) Find the asymptote(s) of the curve, if any

(vii)Examine if possible the intervals when f(x) is increasing or decreasing. Examine what happens
to ‘y’ when x or – .

Sample Problem-5:
x2 1
Construct the graph of f ( x ) and find the area bounded by y = f(x) and x-axis.
x2 1
x2 1 2
Solution: Here, f ( x ) 1
x 2
1 x 2
1

(i) The function f(x) is well defined for all real x.

Domain of f(x) is R.

(ii) f (–x) = f(x), so it is an even function and hence graph is symmetrical about y-axis.

(iii) Obviously function is non-periodic.

(iv) f (x) 1– for x (we are considering x > 0 only as curve is symmetrical about
y-axis). Hence y = 1 is an asymptote of the curves. It may be observed that f(x) < 1 for any
x R and consequently its graph lies below the line y = 1 which is the asymptote to the

graph of the given function.

2
(v) Again decreases for (0, ), thus f(x) increases for (0, ).
x 2
1

(vi) The greatest value 1 for x + and the least value is –1 for x = 0. Thus its graph
is as shown in figure.
y
y = 1 (asymptote)

x2 - 1
y=
x2 +1
x
(–1, 0) (1, 0)

(0, –1)

1
x2 1
Required area = dx [ x]1 1 2[tan 1 x]1 1 ( 2) sq. units.
1
x 2
1

Sample Problem-6:

Construct the graph of f(x) = xex. Find the area bounded by y = f(x) and its asymptote.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

Solution:

(i) The function is well defined for all real x domain of f(x) is R.

(ii) There is no symmetry in the graph.

(iii) Obviously function is non-periodic.

(iv) f(x) 0– as x – . Hence y = 0 is an asymptote of the curve.

(v) f ´(x) = (x + 1) ex f(x) increases for x –1 and decreases for x –1. Hence
x = –1 is the point of absolute minima. Minimum value = f(–1) = –1/e.

(vi) f (x) = (x + 2) ex f(x) is concave up for x > –2 and concave down for x < –2 and

hence x = –2 is a point of inflexion.

y

–2 –1
x

0 0
The required area xe x dx [ xe x ]0 e x dx

= 0 [e x ]0 1 sq. unit.

QUESTIONS-9.2:
Draw the graphs of the following functions :
2x 1
1. y=
x 1

Hint: y x=1
dy ( x 1)2 (2 x 1) 3
and = 0
dx ( x 1) 2
( x 1) 2
2x 1
y=
x 1

2. y = log | x | – log x2

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

dy 1 2 1
Hint: y = 0 log |x| (1 – 2) = 0 |x| = 1 and 0
dx x x x

3. y = log2(4x – x2)

Hint: y = 0 4x – x2 = 1 x2 – 4x + 1 = 0

dy 4 2x
and
dx 4x x2

4. y= 1 1 x 2 , if x 1
1 log1/2 x, if x 1

x
, if x 1
dy 1 x2
Hint:
dx 1
, if x 1
log(1 / 2)

5. y = {(x, y) | | x + y | + | y – x | 4}

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

Hint:

6. Make a sketch of the region given below and find its area using integration,
{(x, y) : y2 4x, 4x2 + 4y2 9}.
Hint: x ln x = 0 x = 0, 1
dy 1
= 1 + ln x = 0 x =
dx e
2 9 9 1
sin 1

6 8 4 3

7. Make a sketch of the region given below and find its area using integration
{(x, y) : 0 y x2 + 3 ; 0 y 2x + 3 ; 0 x 3}
Hint: 4x2 + 16x = 9 4x2 + 16x – 9 = 0
4x2 + 18 x –2x –9 = 0
2x (2x + 9) –(2x + 9) = 0
1 9 50
x= , =
2 2 3

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

8. Make a sketch of the curves given below and find the area between them.
{ x y 1 ; x + y = 1}

Hint: x 1 x 1 x = 0, 1

9. Make a sketch of the curves given below and find the area between them.
{x = –2y2 ; x = 1 – 3y2}
Hint: –2y2 = 1 –3y2 y2 = 1 y=±1
4
=
3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

10. The area cut off a parabola by any double ordinate is k times the corresponding rectangle contained
by the double ordinate and its distance from the vertex, then find the value of k.
4
Hint: y2 = 4ax =
3
a
2 ydx k (a )(2a )
0

2
then, k =
3

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

CHAPTER ASSIGNMENT
STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. The area bounded by the curve y = tanx, the tangent to the curve at point x = and x-axis, is
4
1 1 1
(a) log 2 (b) log 2 (c) log 2 (d) none of these
2 2 2

2. The area bounded by curve y = x (x – 1)2, y-axis and the line y = 2, is

7 10 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
3 3 3

3. The area of the region bounded by curves y = |x – 1| and y = 3 – |x| is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) none of these

4. If A(n) represents the area bounded by the curve y = n log x where n N and n > 1, the x-axis and
the lines x = 1 and x = e, then the value of A(n) + n A(n –1) is equal to
n2 n2
(a) (b) (c) n2 (d) en2
e 1 e 1

5. The area bounded by y = log x, y = sin4 x and x = 0, is

11 9 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
8 8 8

6. Area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis and the ordinates x = –2 and x = 1 is
(a) –9 (b) –15/4 (c) 15/14 (d) 17/4

7. Area bounded by the curves x = 1, x = 3, xy = 1 and x-axis is

(a) log 2 (b) log 3 (c) log 4 (d) none of these

8. Area between the curves y = x3 and y = (x) is

(a) 5/3 (b) 5/4 (c) 5/12 (d) none of these

9. The slope of the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at {x, f (x)} is 2x + 1. If the curve pass through the point
(1, 2), then the area bounded by the curve, the x-axis, and the line x = 1 is
(a) 5/6 (b) 6/5 (c) 1/6 (d) 6

10. Let f (x) be a continues function such that the area bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis and the
a2 a
two ordinates x = 0 and x = a is sin a + cos a. Then f is
2 2 2 2
1 2
1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 8 4 2 2

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

11. The area inclined between the straight lines x – 3y + 5 = 0, x + 2y + 5 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 = 25 is
4 4 5
(a) (14 5) (b) (3 14) (c) (5 14) (d) none of these
5 5 4

12. Area bounded by the curve y = |x| –2 and y = 1 – |x –1| is equal to

(a) 4 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units (c) 2 sq. units (d) 8 sq. units

13. The area between the curve y = 2x4 –x2, the axis and the ordinates of two minima of the curve is
7 3 11
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
120 40 120

14. The area of the closed figure bounded by x = – 1 and x = 2 and y x 2 2, x 1 and the abscissa
2 x 1, x 1

axis is
16 10 13 7
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units (c) sq. units (d) sq. units
3 3 3 3

15. The area between the curve and the x-axis is

(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) none of these

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

16. If the area bounded by the curve y = x – x2 and line y = mx is equal to 9/2 sq. units, then m may be
(a) –4 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 4

17. If the area bounded by the curve y = sin 2x and lines x = /6, x = a and x-axis is equal to 1/2, then a is

(a) /3 (b) /2 (c) – /3 (d) 2 /3

x2
18. If the parabola y divides the circle x2 + y2 = 8 into two parts, then the area of the parts may be
2
4 4 4 4
(a) 6 sq. units (b) 2 sq units (c) sq units (d) 6 sq units
3 3 3 3

19. Let ABCD is a rectangle whose sides given are a and b. A rectangle PQRS whose area is A is
shown in figure, then
(a) area A is maximum when
3
(b) area A is maximum when
4
1
(c) maximum value of area A ( a b) 2
4
1
(d) maximum value of area A ( a b) 2
2

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

20. If a point P moves inside a equilateral triangle of side length a such that it is nearer to any angular
bisector of the triangle (considered upto incentre from a vertex) than to any of its sides, then
3a 2 3 1
(a) area of figure traced by P is
2 3 1
3a 2 3 1
(b) area of figure traced by P is
4 3 1

(c) figure is concave hexagon

(d) figure is convex hexagon

21. If a, b, c from an A.P with common difference d ( 0) and x, y, z from a GP with common ratio
r ( 1), then the area of the triangle with vertices, (a, x), (b, y) and (c, z) is independent of
(a) a (b) b (c) x (d) r

22. The area between the curves y 1 x 2 and y 2x x 2 and x-axis is

1 3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 6 2 6 4 6 3 4

23. The area between the curves y sin 1 x; y cos 1 x and x-axis

(a) 2 1 (b) 2 1 (c) 2 2 1 (d) none of these

24. The area between y = sin–1(sin x) and y = (x – ) is

5 3 5 3 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
8 9 12
25. The area enclosed between the curves y = sin–1(sin x) and the curve y = cos–1(cos x) and 0 x is
2 2 2
3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 5 7

LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

Comprehension-I
For x [0, ]; we define following functions:
f (x) = {sin x}
g (x) = {1 + cos x}
h(x) = min {f (x), g (x)}
I (x) = k

26. Area bounded by the curve y = h (x) and y = 0 is

(a) 2 (b) 1 – 2 (c) 1 – 2+ (d) +1

2 2

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

27. For what value (s) of k, I (x) = h (x) will have only 2 roots
1 1 1
(a) 0, (b) (c) 1 (d)
2 2 2

28. For what value(s) of k, area bounded by the curves y = f (x) and y = I(x) will be greater than 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) any real number (d) none of these

Comprehension-II

Let O(0, 0), A(2, 0) be the vertices of an isosceles triangle inscribed in an ellipse (x – 1)2 + 3y2 = 1.
Let S represents the region consisting all those points P inside the given triangle which states that,
Distance of point P from OA is not more than the minimum distance of point P from the other two
sides of the triangle.

29. The coordinates of third vertex of the triangle is/are given by

1
(a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 3) (c) 1, (d) none of these
3

30. If the third vertex of the triangle lies in the 1st quadrant, then the region S is represented by

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

31. The area represented by the region S is

(a) 2 – 3 (b) 2 + 3 (c) 2– 3 (d) 2+3

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

32. A. The area between the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the tangents drawn to (p) –2
it from the point ( 7 , 1 ) is
x2 y2
B. The area enclosed between the ellipse 1 and the lines (q)
4 1
y = 1 and x = 2 in first quadrant is
C. The order of the family of conics having axes, as axes of (r) 4 –
symmetry is ( – k), then the value of k is
D. Find the area of the region bounded by x2 + y2 – 2y – 3 = 0 and y = |x| + 1. (s) (4 – )/2

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

33. Match the following:

A. Area bounded by | 2x + y | + | x – 2y | 4 is (p) 1
B. Area bounded by y = min (x – [x], –x – [–x]) and x axis (where (q)
2
x [0, 4)) [.] denotes the greatest integer function
C. Area bounded by | y | + 1/2 e–|x| is (r) 32
D. Area bounded by y sin sin x and x + y = 1 is
–1 2 2
(s) 2 (1 – ln 2)

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

34. Find the Area bounded by the y = x, y = – x and the tangent to the curve y = x 2 5 at the point (3,
2).
35. Find the area bounded by the curves y = x(x – 3)2 and y = x.
36. If is the area bounded by the curve y2 = x and x = |y|, then 3 .
37. Using integration, find the area of the triangle ABC whose vertices have coordinates A(2, 5),
B(4, 7), C(6, 2).
38. If is the area of the region bounded by x = –1, x = 2 and y = –x2 + 2, x 1 ; 2x –1, x > 1 and the x-
axis. Then 3 /2 =
39. The area of the loop of the curve y = 6x(1 –x) is
40. The area enclosed between the region xy 1, |x| 2 and |y| 2 is a – b log 2 then value of b is
41. The area enclosed between x-axis and the curve y = |log |x|| where –1 x 1 is
a
42. The area enclosed between the curve y and x-axis is 3 then the value of ‘a’ is
1 x2

43. let f(x) = x + sin x, then area enclosed between f(x) and f –1(x) from 0 to is

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS QUESTIONS

1. A point on the parabola y2 = 18x at which the ordinate increases at twice the rate of the
abscissa is [AIEEE-2004]
9 9 9 9
(a) (2, 4) (b) , (c) , (d) (2, –4)
8 2 8 2

2. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = | x – 2 |, x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis is [AIEEE-2004]
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2

3. Let f(x) be a non-negative continuous function such that the area bounded by the curve y = f(x),
x-axis and the ordinates x and x is sin cos 2 . Then f is
4 4 4 2
[AIEEE-2005]

(a) 1 2 (b) 1 2 (c) 2 1 (d) 2 1

4 4 4 4

4. The area enclosed between the curve y = loge (x + e) and the coordinate axes is [AIEEE-2005]

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2

5. The parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the square region bounded by the lines x = 4, y = 4 and the
coordinate axes. If S1, S2, S3 are respectively the areas of these parts numbered from top to bottom;
then S1 : S2 : S3 is [AIEEE-2005]

(a) 2 : 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 : 3

6. Area bounded by the curve y = x(x – 1) (x – 2) and x-axis above the x-axis is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/8

7. The area bounded by the curve y = sin–1x and the lines x = 0, |y| = /2 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

8. The area bounded by y-axis, the line y = 1 and the curve y = 2x – x2 is

(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/8

9. The area bounded by the curve (y – 2)2 = x – 1, axis of x, axis of y and the line y = 2 is
14 14 14
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
3 7 9

10. The area enclosed by the parabolas y2 = 1 – 2 x and y2 = 1 + 2 x is

(a) 2/3 (b) 4/3 (c) 1/3 (d) 5/3

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

11. If An be the area bounded by the curve y = tann x and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = /4, then
An + An – 2 is equal to
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n n 1 n 1 2n 1

12. The area bounded by the curve y = x (3 – x)2, the x-axis and the ordinates of the maximum and
minimum points is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

13. The area enclosed between the line y = 2 and the curve y = sin (x + /4) from x = – /4 to x = 3 /4 is
(a) 2 – 2 (b) –3 (c) 2 – 1 (d) 2 + 1

14. The area bounded by y = f (x), x-axis and the ordinates x = 1 and x = b is (b – 1) sin (3b + 4) then
f (x) is
(a) sin (3 x + 4) + 3(x – 1) cos (3x + 4) (b) sin (3x + 4) – 3(x – 1)
(c) cos (3x + 4) + 3 (x –1) sin (3x + 4) (d) none of these

15. The area bounded by the curves y = x – bx2 and y = (1/b) x2 is maximum, the value of (b R+) is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

16. The value of the function f (x) such that the area bounded by the x–axis, the curve y = f (x) and the
ordinates x = 1, x = a is equal to 1 a2 2 for all a > 1 is
x x x
(a) (b) (c) (d) x + x2
1 x2 1 x 2
1 x2
3
17. The area bounded by the curves y = cos x and y = sin x between the ordinates x = 0 and x = is
2
[AIEEE 2010]
(a) 4 2 1 (b) 4 2 2 (c) 4 2 2 (d) 4 2 1

18. The area of the region enclosed by the curves y = x, x = e, y = 1/x and the positive x-axis is
(a) 1/2 square units (b) 1 square units (c) 3/2 square units (d) 5/2 square units

[AIEEE 2011]

y
19. The area bounded between the parabola x 2 & x2 = 9y, and the straight line y = 2 is[AIEEE 2012]
4
10 2 20 2
(a) 20 2 (b) (c) (d) 10 2
3 3

20. The area of the region described by A ={(x,y) : x2 + y2 1 and y2 1 – x} is: [JEE-Mains 2014]
4 4 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

21. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by {(x, y) : y2 < 2x and y > 4x – 1} is
7 5 15 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
32 64 64 32
(JEE-Mains 2015)
22. The area (in sq. units) of the region ( x, y ) : y 2
2 x and x 2
y 2
4 x, x 0, y 0 is

(JEE-Mains 2016)
4 8 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 3 3

23. The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x|
is : (JEE-Mains 2017)
(a) 4( 2 1) (b) 2( 2 1) (c) 2( 2 1) (d) 4( 2 1)

24. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : x 0, x + y 3, x2 4y and y 1 + } is
(JEE-Mains 2017)
5 59 3 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 12 2 3

25. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the parabola, y = x2 + 2 and the lines, y = x + 1,
x = 0 and x = 3, is : (JEE-Mains 2019)
15 15 21 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 2 4

26. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by the parabola, y = x2 + 1, the tangent to it at
the point (2, 5) and the coordinate axes is : (JEE-Mains 2019)
14 187 37 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 24 24 3

27. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the straight line x = 4y – 2 :-
(JEE-Mains 2019)
5 9 3 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 4 8

28. The area of the region A = {(x, y) : 0 y x|x| + 1 and – 1 x 1} in sq. units, is:
(JEE-Mains 2019)

(a) 2/3 (b) 1/3 (c) 2 (d) 4/3

29. The area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y = x2 – 1, the tangent at the point (2, 3) to it and the
y-axis is : (JEE-Mains 2019)
14 56 8 32
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

30. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx2 and x = ky2, (k > 0), is 1 square unit. Then k is:
(JEE-Mains 2019)
1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
3 3 2

31. The area of the region, enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 2 which is not common to the region
bounded by the parabola y2 = x and the straight line y = x, is : (JEE-Mains 2020)
1 1 1 1
(a) (12 1) (b) (12 1) (c) (24 1) (d) (6 1)
3 6 6 3

32. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) R 2|4x2 y 8x + 12) is: (JEE-Mains 2020)
127 125 124 128
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3

33. For a > 0, let the curves C1 : y2 = ax and C2 : x2 = ay intersect at origin O and a point P. Let the line
x = b(0 < b < a) intersect the chord OP and the x-axis at points Q and R, respectively. If the line x =
b bisects the area bounded by the curves, C1 and C2, and the area of OQR = (1/2), then 'a' satisfies
the equation (JEE-Mains 2020)

(a) x6 - 12x3 + 4 = 0 (b) x6 - 12x3 – 4 = 0 (c) x6 + 6x3 – 4 = 0 (d) x6 – 6x3 + 4 = 0

34. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) R 2 : x2 y 3 –2x}, is (JEE-Mains 2020)
29 31 34 32
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3

1
x , 0 x
2
2
1 1 1
35. Given : f ( x ) , x and g(x) = x , x R. Then the area (in sq. units) of
2 2 2
1
1 x , x 1
2
the region bounded by the curves, y = f(x) and y = g(x) between the lines, 2x = 1 and 2x = 3, is:

(JEE-Mains 2020)
1 3 3 1 1 3 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 4 3 2 4 2 4
|x| |y| x2 y2
36. Area (in sq. units) of the region outside 1 and inside the ellipse 1 is:
2 3 4 9
(JEE-Mains 2020)
(a) 3(4 – ) (b) 6( – 2) (c) 3( – 2) (d) 6(4 – )
37. The area (in sq. units) of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the parabola y2 = 8x, with one of its
vertices on the vertex of this parabola, is : (JEE-Mains 2020)
(a) 64 3 (b) 256 3 (c) 192 3 (d) 128 3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

38. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : 0 y x2 + 1, 0 y x+½ x 2} is
(JEE-Mains 2020)
23 79 79 23
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 24 16 16
39. The area (in sq. units) of the region A = {(x, y) ; (x – 1) [x] y 2 x,0 x 2}, where [t] denotes
the greatest integer function, is : (JEE-Mains 2020)
8 1 8 4 1 4
(a) 2 (b) 2 1 (c) 2 (d) 2 1
3 2 3 3 2 3
40. The area (in sq. units) of the region A{(x, y): |x| + |y| 1, 2y2 |x|} is: (JEE-Mains 2020)
5 1 1 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 6 6
41. The area (in sq. units) of the region enclosed by the curves y = x2 – 1 and y = 1 – x2 is equal to :
(JEE-Mains 2020)
4 8 16 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 2
42. The area (in sq. units) of the part of the circle x + y = 36, which is outside the parabola
2 2

y2 = 9x, is : (JEE-Mains 2021)

(a) 24 3 3 (b) 12 3 3 (c) 24 3 3 (d) 12 3 3
43. The area of the region : R = {(x, y) : 5x2 y 2x2 + 9} is : (JEE-Mains 2021)
(a) 11 3 square units (b) 12 3 square units
(c) 9 3 square units (d) 6 3 square units
44. If the area of the triangle formed by the positive x-axis, the normal and the tangent to the
circle (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 25 at the point (5, 7) is A, then 24A is equal to_____.(JEE-Mains 2021)

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS

1. The area bounded by the curves y = | x | – 1 and y = –| x | + 1 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4

2. The area enclosed between the curves y= ax2 and x = ay2 (a > 0) is 1 sq. unit, then the value of a is
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) (IIT Sc. 2004)
3 2 3

3. The area of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points of latus recta to the ellipse
x2 y 2
1 , is (IIT Sc. 2003)
9 5
27
(a) sq. units (b) 9 sq. units (c) sq. units (d) 27 sq. units
2
4. The area bounded by the curves y = x , 2y + 3 = x and x-axis in the first quadrant is (IIT Sc. 2003)
27
(a) 9 (b) (c) 36 (d) 18
4

5. The area bounded by the parabolas y = (x + 1)2 and y = (x – 1)2 and the line y = 1/4 is (IIT Sc. 2005)
(a) 4 sq. units (b) 1/6 sq. units (c) 4/3 sq. units (d) 1/3 sq. units

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

6. The area bounded by the curves y = x | x | x-axis and the ordinates x = –1, x = 1 is given by
1 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
3 3 3
7. The area of the region bounded by the line x – y + 2 = 0 and the curve x = y is
9 10
(a) 9 (b) (c) (d) 5
2 3

8. The area of the region bounded by y = sin x, y = 0, x = and x = is 4, then positive value of
3
is
3 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1
8 2

9. The area of the region bounded by y = xex and y = xe–x and the line x = 1 is
2 2 1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 1
e e e e

10. Area bounded by the curves | y | = 1 + x2 is

2 4 8
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
3 3 3

11. The area bounded by the curves y = | x – 1 |, y = 0 and | x | = 2 is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) none of these
Paragraph (Q. 12 to Q. 14)
Consider the polynomial: f(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3
Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x) and let t = | s | (IIT 2010)
12. The real number s lies in the interval
1 3 3 1 1
(a) ,0 (b) 11, (c) , (d) 0,
4 4 4 2 4
13. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the interval
3 21 11 21
(a) ,3 (b) , (c) (9, 10) (d) 0,
4 64 16 64
14. The function f (x) is
1 1
(a) increasing in t, and decreasing in ,t
4 4
1 1
(b) decreasing in t, and increasing in ,t
4 4
(c) increasing in (–t, t)
(d) decreasing in (–t, t)

15. Let the straight line x = b divide the area enclosed by y = (1 – x)2, y = 0, and x = 0 into two parts
1
R1(0 x b) and R2(b x 1) such that R1 R2 . Then b equals (IIT 2011)
4

(a) 3/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

x2
16. Let S be the area of the region enclosed by y e , y 0, x 0 , and x = 1. Then (IIT 2012)
1 1
(a) S (b) S 1
e e
1 1 1 1 1
(c) S 1 (d) S 1
4 e 2 e 2

17. For a point P is the plane, let d1(P) and d2(P) be the distances of the point P from the line x – y = 0
and x + y = 0 respectively. The area of the region R consisting of all points P lying in the first
quadrant of the plane and satisfying 2 d1 (P) + d2 (P) 4, is (JEE-Advanced 2014)

x2
6
1
18. Let F ( x ) 2 cos 2 t dt for all x and f : 0, 0, be a continuous function. For
x 2
1
a 0, , if F´(a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f(x) and x = a, then f(0)
2
is (JEE-Advanced 2015)

19. Area of the region x, y 2

:y x 3 ,5 y x 9 15 is equal to (JEE-Advanced 2016)

(a) 1/6 (b) 4/3 (c) 3/2 (d) 5/3

20. If the line x = divides the area of region R = R {( x , y ) 2

: x3 y x , 0 x 1} into two equal
parts, then (JEE-Advanced 2017)
4 2 4 2 1 1
(a) 2 4 1 0 (b) 4 1 0 (c) 0 (d) 1
2 2

21. A farmer F1 has a land in the shape of a triangle with vertices at P(0, 0), Q(1, 1) and R(2, 0). From
this land, a neighbouring farmer F2 takes away the region which lies between the side PQ and a
curve of the form y = xn (n > 1). If the area of the region taken away by the farmer F2 is exactly 30%
of the area of PQR, then the value of n is _____ . (JEE-Advanced 2018)

22. The area of the region {(x, y) : xy y x2} is 8, 1 (JEE-Advanced 2019)

14 14 7
(a) 16loge 2 – 6 (b) 8log e 2 (c) 16log e 2 (d) 8log e 2
3 3 3
23. Let the functions : and : be defined by
1
( )= 1 | 1| and g ( x) (e x 1 e1 x )
2
Then the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves =( ), = ( ) and
=0 is (JEE-Advanced 2020)
1 1
(a) (2 3) (e e 1 ) (b) (2 3) (e e 1 )
2 2
1 1
(c) (2 3) (e e 1 ) (d) (2 3) (e e 1 )
2 2

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

CHAPTER TEST
SECTION-I: STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 1 to 5. Each question has 4 choices
(A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY-ONE is correct.

1. The area bounded in the first quadrant by the normal at (1, 2) on the curve y² = 4 x, x-axis &
the curve is given by :
10 7 4 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 2

2. Let 'a' be a positive constant number. Consider two curves C1: y = ex, C2 : y =ea – x. Let S be the area
S
of the part surrounding by C 1, C2 and the y-axis, then Lim 2 equals
a 0 a

(a) 4 (b) 1/2 (c) 0 (d) 1/4

3. 3 points O(0, 0), P(a, a2), Q(–b, b2) (a > 0, b > 0) are on the parabola y = x2. Let S 1 be the area
bounded by the line PQ and the parabola and let S2 be the area of the triangle OPQ, the minimum

value of S1/S2 is
(a) 4/3 (b) 5/3 (c) 2 (d) 7/3

4. The area of the region(s) enclosed by the curves y = x2 and y = | x | is

(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/6 (d) 1

5. The area bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis & the ordinates x =1 & x = b is
(b 1)sin (3b + 4). Then f (x) is :
(a) (x 1) cos (3x + 4) (b) sin (3x + 4)
(c) sin (3x + 4) + 3 (x 1). cos (3x + 4) (d) none of these

SECTION-II: MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWERS TYPE

This section contains 5 multiple choice questions numbered 6 to 10. Each question has 4
choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONE OR MORE is/are correct.

6. Let T be the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, c2) and (c, c2) and let R be the region between y = cx
and y = x2 where c > 0 then
c3 c3
(a) Area (R) = (b) Area of R =
6 3
Area (T) Area (T) 3
(c) lim =3 (d) lim
c 0 Area (R) c 0 Area (R) 2

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

x2 1
7. Suppose f is defined from R [–1, 1] as f (x) = where R is the set of real number. Then
x2 1
the statement which does not hold is
(a) f is many one onto
(b) f increases for x > 0 and decrease for x < 0
(c) minimum value is not attained even though f is bounded
(d) the area included by the curve y = f (x) and the line y = 1 is sq. units.

cos x 0 x
2
8. Consider f (x) = 2 such that f is periodic with period , then
x x
2 2
2
(a) The range of f is 0,
4

(b) f is continuous for all real x, but not differentiable for some real x
(c) f is continuous for all real x
3
(d) The area bounded by y = f (x) and the X-axis from x = – n to x = n is 2n 1 for a
24

given n N

9. Which of the following statement(s) is/are True for the function: f (x) = (x – 1)2(x – 2) + 1 defined
on [0, 2]?
23
(a) Range of f is ,1 .
27
5 23
(b) The coordinates of the turning point of the graph of y = f (x) occur at (1, 1) and , .
3 27
23
(c) The value of p for which the equation f (x) = p has 3 distinct solutions lies in interval ,1 .
27
7
(d) The area enclosed by y = f (x), the lines x =0 and y = 1 as x varies from 0 to 1 is .
12

10. Consider the functions f(x) and g(x), both defined from R R and are defined as
f (x) = 2x – x2 and g (x) = xn where n N. If the area between f (x) and g (x) is 1/2 then n is a divisor
of
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 30

SECTION- III: LINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE

This section contains 1 Paragraphs. Based upon each paragraph, 3 multiple choice questions
have to be answered. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D), out of which ONLY
ONE is correct.

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

Consider the function, f (x) = x3 – 8x2 + 20x – 13

11. Number of positive integers x for which f (x) is a prime number, is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

12. The function f (x) defined for R R

(a) is one one onto
(b) is many one onto
(c) has 3 real roots
(d) is such that f (x1) · f(x2) < 0 where x1 and x2 are the roots of f ' (x) = 0

13. Area enclosed by y = f (x) and the co-ordinate axes is

65 13 71
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
12 12 12

SECTION- IV: MATRIX MATCH TYPE

This Section contains 4 multiple choice questions. Each question has matching lists. The codes for
lists have choice (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY ONE may be correct.

14. A. The area between the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 8ay is (p) 27

B. Area bounded by the curve y = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) and (q) 2

x-axis lying between the ordinates x = 0 and x = 3 is equal to
32 2
C. The area cut off the parabola 4y = 3x2 by the straight line (r) a
3
2y = 3x + 12 in sq. units is
11
D. The area of the region satisfying x y is (s)
4

SECTION- V: INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

This section contains 8 questions. The answer to each of the question is a single digit integer,
ranging from 0 to 9. The bubble corresponding to the correct answer is to be darkened in the
ORS.

15. The area bounded by the curves y = x (x 3)2 and y = x is (in sq. units):

16. y = f (x) is a function which satisfies

(i) f (0) = 0 (ii) f ''(x) = f ' (x) and (iii) f '(0) = 1

then the area bounded by the graph of y = f (x), the lines x = 0, x – 1 = 0 and y + 1 = 0, is e – k.
then k is.

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

17. Area enclosed by the curves y = lnx ; y = ln | x | ; y = | ln x | and y = | ln | x | | is equal to

18. The curve y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the point (1, 2) and its tangent at origin is the line y = x.
1
The area bounded by the curve, the ordinate of the curve at minima and the tangent line is .
4k
Then k is equal to.
dy
19. A function y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation – y = cos x – sin x, with initial condition
dx
that y is bounded when x . The area enclosed by y = f (x), y = cos x and the y-axis in the 1st
quadrant is k 1 . Then the value of k is.

20. Area of the region enclosed between the curves x = y2 – 1 and x = |y| 1 y 2 is.

21. The area bounded by the curve y = x e–x ; xy = 0 and x = c where c is the x-coordinate of the curve's
inflection point, is 1 –3e–k. Then k is.

22. If the area bounded between x-axis and the graph of y = 6x – 3x2 between the ordinates x = 1 and
x = a (where a is positive) is 19 square units then 'a' can take the value [k], where [.] is GIF. then k
is.

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

ANSWERS

Chapter Assignment
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b)
16. (b,d) 17. (a,c,d) 18. (a,b) 19. (a,d) 20. (a,d)
21. (a,b) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (a)
26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. A-(r); B-(s); C-(p); D-(q) 33. A- (r), B-(p), C-(s), D-(q)
34. (5) 35. (8) 36. (1) 37. (7) 38. (8)
39. (2) 40. (4) 41. (2) 42. (3) 43. (4)

Chapter Assignment Hints

1. (c): 2. (b): 0
0 1

3. (c): 1

e
4. (c): A(n) = n ln xdx = n
1

A(n –1) = (n –1)

And A(n) + nA(n –1) = n + n(n –1) = n2
y

1
x4
1
5. (a): 0 x 6. (d): A= x 3dx
2 4 2

3
1
7. (b): O A dx
1 x
x=1 x=3

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

8. (c): O 1 A x x3 dx
0

dy
9. (a): 2x 1 y = x2 + x + c
dx
a
a2 a
10. (a): f ( x )dx sin a cos a
0 2 2 2
1 a
f (a) = a sin a cos a sin a
2 2 2

–5 5
11. (c):

12. (a): AB = 2

BC 2 2

Area = 2 2 2 = 4 sq. units

A(1, 1)

y = |x| –2

–2 –1 B(2, 0)

0 y = 1–|x–1|

–2 C

O
13. (a): y = x2(2x2 – 1)

14. (a): 1
15. (b):
–1 O 1
x=1 x=2

16. (b,d) x – x2 = mx x = 0, 1 – m

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

1 m
9
A= (1 m) x x 2 ) dx
2
0
a
1
17. (a,c,d): sin 2 xdx
2
/6

x4
18. (a,b): x2 + 8 x4 + 4x2 – 32 = 0
4
x=±2
19. (a,d): A = ab
A

20. (a.d):
I
B C
a x 1
1
21. (a,b): = a d xr 1
2
a 2d xr 2 1

1
22. (d): A = 2 1 x 2 dx –1 0 ½ 1 2
1/2

1/ 2 1
23. (a): 1 A sin 1 dx cos 1 x dx
0 1/ 2

1
24. (d): A= (x2 x ) dx
2 2
0

2
1
25. (a): 0 A=
2 2 4

2
1
sin x, 0 x /2
26. (b): h ( x)
0 1 cos x, /2 x

/2
sin xdx (1 cos x) dx
0 /2

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

/2
27. (d): k < 1 28. (a): A = 2 (sin x k )dx
sin 1 k

29. (c): Put x = 1 in (x –1)2 + 3y2 = 1

30. (c):
1
31. (a): y = 2 (2 3)xdx
0

32. A-(r); B-(s); C-(p); D-(q)

O
A.

(0, 1)

1
B. (2, 0) A (2)(1) (2)(1)
4

C. ax2 + by2 = 1
(0, 3)

(0, 1)

D.

33. A- (r), B-(p), C-(s), D-(q)

x– 2y = 0

O
A.
2x+ y = 0

1 1
B. O 1 2 3 4 A=4× ×1× =1
2 2

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Areas AICE (IIT-JEE)

1/2

1/2
C. O A 4 xdy
0

y=x

1 2
D. A r
2

2y–3x = –5
y=x
x+y = 0

34. (5): 2y – 3x = – 5

1
35. (8): 36. (1): O 1 A = 2 ( x2 x)dx
0

7 L1
5 L3
1 6
L2
37. (7): A = ( L1 L2 ) dx ( L3 L2 )dx 2
2 4
0 2 4 6
(0, 3)

2
1
38. (8): 39. (2): (1, 0) A = (6 x x )dx
2
O
0
x=2
k = –1
x=2 x=2

O
40. (4):
y = –2

41. (2): (–1, 0) O (1, 0) A= 2 log xdx

0

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AICE (IIT-JEE) Areas

1
42. (3): 2a dx 3
O 0
1 x2

43. (4): A = 2 ( x sin x x)dx 2 sin xdx

0 0

Previous Year Questions

AIEEE/JEE-MAINS QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b)

6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a)
16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)

21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (b)
26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b)
36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (1225)

IIT-JEE/JEE-ADVANCE QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)

16. (a,b,c) 17. (6) 18. (3) 19. (b) 20. (a,c)
21. (4) 22. (c) 23. (a)

Chapter Test
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (a,c) 7. (a,c,d) 8. (a,d) 9. (b,c,d) 10. (b,c,d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. A-(r); B-(s); C-(p); D-(q)
15. (8) 16. (1) 17. (4) 18. (6) 19. (2)
20. (2) 21. (2) 22. (3)

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