MSc in High Performance Computing

Citing References: why and how to do it

Rowena Stewart [email protected] JCM Library Tel: 0131 650 5207 (int. 50 5207)

Why cite references:

To allow those reading the record of what youve done to read the sources you have read. To credit, and show you have read, the key relevant work and can use it to support your arguments and so indicate where your work has taken you further. Citing and referencing work you have read and used avoids plagiarism. Paragraph 14.1 of the University of Edinburgh Undergraduate and Postgraduate (Taught) Assessment Regulations: Academic Year 2006, states: Plagiarism is the act of copying or including in ones own work, without adequate acknowledgement, intentionally or unintentionally, the work of another. It is academically fraudulent and an offence against University discipline. Plagiarism, at whatever stage of a students course, whether discovered before or after graduation, will be investigated and dealt with appropriately by the University (Regulation 14: Plagiarism and Cheating, 2006)

Glossary
Citation : short reference in the body of your text to a relevant work Reference List : full bibliographic details of the references cited in your text Further Reading : full bibliographic details of work which has influenced you but is not cited in your text. Bibliography : full bibliographic details of references cited in your text and of work which has influenced you but are not cited in your text. Less used in scientific and technical publications.

How to cite and list references:

The principles are to provide enough information for someone else to find what you have read and present the information consistently. There are conventions and styles to help you do this: Author-Date or Harvard (provides information about a reference in the text) Citation: authors last name, year of publication Reference Lists are arranged alphabetically by author Numbered, Numerical or Alphabet-Number (avoids hiatus in the text and are good for references without publication dates) Citation: number in brackets or as superscript. The numbers follow consecutively unless a reference has already been cited, in which case the original number is used each time. Reference Lists are arranged by citation number, each reference occurring only once Citation Order (not usually used in scientific/technical publications) Citation: number in square brackets or as superscript. The numbers follow consecutively. Reference Lists are arranged by citation number and the abbreviations ibid, op cit are used to refer to references cited in full further up the reference list. The specific styles mentioned in this guide are Harvard and IEEE. If the reference types illustrated do not cover everything you need, please use the sources given throughout or contact your liaison librarian.

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HARVARD REFERENCING STYLE

N.B. If you are preparing a paper for publication, the editorial board or publishers of the journal to which you want to submit will have decided what format citations and lists of references should take and will make the information available to authors. LATEX style guides may also be available for download.

Citing References in the body of your text

If an author is named in the text, enclose the year of publication of the relevant work in parentheses after the authors last name. Example: As well as telling us longer quotes may be indented and comments interpolated in square brackets, Russell (1993) also says: A short quotation placed at the head of a passage [or at the very beginning of a work] is an epigraph. Do not use quotations marks with epigraphs. Identify the source below the quotation. If it is a quote, idea, principle, etc which is included in the text, but not the relevant authors of the quote, idea etc, use parentheses to enclose the last name and year beside the relevant piece of text. If you are referring to a particular part of a work, give the associated page number(s). Example: Shorter quotations do not need to be indented but are denoted by the use of double quotation marks (Russell, 1993, p11). Two or Three Authors: (Gerndt and Kranzlmuller, 2006) (Smith, Lee and Brown, 2007) More than three authors: (Hein et al., 2005) Same author(s) but multiple publications from the same year: (Atiyah, 1995a) (Atiyah, 1995b) Unknown author: (Anon, 2007) No author: (use part of the title, date) Using some work as representative: (eg Dreyfus, 1991; Schmid and Henningson, 2001)

Personal communication
Where you have to use information that has come to you as an individual rather than presented in the published literature, you indicate this to be personal communication and do so in the text of your document. You do not need to include such sources in a reference list. Example: e.g. Many designers do not understand the needs of disabled people according to J. O. Reiss (personal communication, April 18, 1997). Before referring to what someone has told you, ask them if they will allow you to do so.

Secondary References
If you refer to a work of which the only account you have read is that recorded in the work of someone else, you need to make it clear you have not read the original work. In the reference list, some sources direct authors to provide only the reference of the work they have actually read; be consistent or take advice. Examples: Lee (1993) as cited by Smith (2000) then include both works in your reference list Lee as cited by Smith (2000) then include only the work you have actually read, ie the Smith article You have to have confidence in the source you have read to rely on it like this. Even work cited by reputable sources may bear scrutiny; see the minireview published by Thomas Katz (2005) on a mistake perpetuated in the literature on olefin metatheses.

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Illustrations, Figures or Data

Having considered copyright in their use, you should cite and reference any illustrations, graphs, data or figures, etc you take or adapt from another published work. If you do not amend the illustration etc in any way, reference the work as if it were a quotation, if you do amend the work, indicate this in the citation Example: Figure 1 Answers blowing in the wind (University of the West of England, 2006) If the illustration is of a work from a known library, collection or repository, give the location as outlined in 16.4.1 of British Standard BS 1629:1989 (British Standards Institution, 1989).

Format of the Reference List Harvard Style

The Reference List contains the full citation of those references cited in your text. In Harvard style the reference list is arranged alphabetically by authors last name (or equivalent for the particular reference). N.B. - The font formats and punctuation used here may differ from other versions of Harvard Style you see. Use the one which is right for you and apply it consistently.

Book, eg Silyn-Roberts (2000)

AUTHOR or EDITORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (year of publication) Title of Book taken from title page and publication details on the reverse, City of publication: Publisher. SILYN-ROBERTS, H. (2000) Writing for science and engineering: papers, presentations and reports, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Book Chapter or section from Edited Book

CHAPTER AUTHORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (year of publication) Title of Chapter. IN: EDITORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (Ed(s)) Title of book taken from title page and publication details on the reverse, City of publication: Publisher. ppPage numbers as appropriate. HANCOCK, W. T. (2003) The principles of cell signalling. IN: KUMAR, S. & BENTLEY, P. J. (Eds.) On growth, form and computer, London: Elsevier Academic Press, pp64-81.

Computer Files, Programs or Software

The following comes from section 16.2 British Standard Recommendations for references to published materials (British Standards Institution, 1989): For programs, mention may be made of the language used and the operating system or type of computer for which it is intended. The storage mediumshould be given. For machine-readable data files, any program required to read them may be mentioned. Example: MICROPRO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION. WordStar [program]. Version 3.30. Disk (5 in CP/M 86). San Rafael: Micropro, 1983 Alternatively, reference the article in which the program appeared or as directed by the program providers, eg Ivantchev et al (2002) as at the Bilbao Crystallographic Server (2006).

Conference Proceedings
EDITORS LAST NAME, INITIALS (Ed(s)) (Year of Publication) Title of Conference (to include conferences date and/or location). Place of publication: Publisher. GERNDT, M. & KRANZLMULLER, D. (Eds) (2006) High Performance Computing and Communications. Second International Conference, HPCC 2006. 13-15 Sept. 2006. Munich, Germany. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.4208). Berlin: Germany, Springer.

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Conference Paper
AUTHOR'S LAST NAME, AUTHOR'S INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of Paper. IN: CONFERENCE EDITORS LAST NAME, INITIALS (Ed(s)) Title of Conference (to include conferences date and/or location), ppPage(s) of contribution, Place of publication: Publisher. RAGHAVAN, P. (2004) Advanced algorithms and software components for scientific computing: an introduction. IN: DONGARRA, J., MADSEN, K. & WASNIEWSKI, J. (Eds.) Applied Parallel Computing. State of the Art in Scientific Computing. 7th International Workshop, PARA 2004. 20-23 June 2004. Lyngby, Denmark. Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 3732), pp590-592, Berlin: Germany, Springer-Verlag.

Journal Article
AUTHORs LAST NAME, AUTHORS INITIALS (Year of publication) Article title. Title of journal. Volume (Issue), Page numbers of article. HEIN, J., REID, F., SMITH, L., BUSH, I., GUEST, M. & SHERWOOD, P. (2005) On the performance of molecular dynamics applications on current high-end systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series A (Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences), 363, 1987-1998. N.B. journal abbreviations if you need to find a full journal title from its standard abbreviation or vice versa, try Web of Sciences (http://wok.mimas.ac.uk) journal abbreviation list, JAS (McKiernan, 2004) or ask staff at a library service desk as there are print publications we have which may help.

Mailing list or electronic discussion list

AUTHORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (Day Month Year) Re: Subject of message. Discussion List [online] Available from: list e-mail address [Accessed Date]. YEOMANS, J. (29 Jun 2001) Re: Citing preprints. LIS-SCITECH [online] Available from: [email protected] [Accessed 20/12/06].

Monograph Series - Volume

AUTHOR or EDITORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (year of publication) Title of Monograph taken from the title page and publication details on the reverse, Series name, v.volume number, City of publication: Publisher. SCHMID, P. J. & HENNINGSON, D. S. (2001) Stability and transition in shear flows, Applied Mathematical Sciences, v.142, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Monograph Series Chapter

CHAPTER AUTHORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (year of publication) Title of Chapter. IN: EDITORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (Ed(s)) Title of Monograph taken from the title page and publication details on the reverse, Series name, v.volume number, City of publication: Publisher. ppPage numbers as appropriate. DREYFUS, T. (1991) Advanced mathematical thinking processes. IN: TALL, D. (Ed.) Advanced mathematical thinking. Mathematics Education Library, v.11, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group. pp25-41

Pre-print or article accepted for publication

This information allows your readers to read the same version of something you did for your work. If viewed online, the information about publication status, the link and when it was viewed need to be included: AUTHORs LAST NAME, AUTHORS INITIALS (Year of publication) Article title. Title of journal. Volume (Issue), Page numbers of article. [online]. Available from: <URL/DOI> [Accessed: date] BASDEN, A. (2006) Adaptive optics simulation performance improvements using reconfigurable logic. Applied Optics, to be published, pp19. [online]. Available from: http://uk.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0611292 [Accessed: 15 Dec 2006]

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Report
AUTHORs LAST NAME, AUTHORS INITIALS (Year of publication) Title of the report. Name of organisation publishing the report. Report number: number of report. HENTY, D. (1995) Craft Performance Optimisation, T3D In-Depth Support Team, Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, University of Edinburgh. Report number: EPCC-TR95-04.

Thesis or Dissertation
AUTHORS LAST NAME, AUTHORs INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of theses or dissertation. Designation, (and type). Name of institution to which submitted. KOCHENDERFER, M. J. (2006) Adaptive Modelling and Planning for Learning Intelligent Behaviour, Thesis (PhD), School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.

Web Page
AUTHORs LAST NAME, INITIALS. (Year of publication if available) Title of webpage [online]. Place of publication, Publisher (if available). Available from: URL [Accessed date]. Bilbao Crystallographic Server: how to cite us [online]. Condensed Matter Physics Dept., University of the Basque Country. Available from: http://www.cryst.ehu.es/html/doc/bcs_cite.adp [Accessed 20/12/2006]. N.B. no author is given for this webpage so the reference starts with the title.

Harvard Reference List

ATIYAH, M. (1995a) Quantum physics and the topology of knots. Reviews of Modern Physics, 67, 977-981. ATIYAH, M. (1995b) Quantum theory and geometry. Journal of Mathematical Physics, 36, 6069-6072. Bilbao Crystallographic Server: how to cite us [online]. Condensed Matter Physics Dept., University of the Basque Country. Available from: http://www.cryst.ehu.es/html/doc/bcs_cite.adp [Accessed 20/12/2006]. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION (1989) BS1629:1989, Recommendations for references to published materials, London: BSI. IVANTCHEV, S., KROUMOVA, E., AROYO, M. I., PEREZ-MATO, J. M., IGARTUA, J. M., MADARIAGA, G. & WONDRATSCHEK, H. (2002) SUPERGROUPS: a computer program for the determination of the supergroups of the space groups. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 35, 511-512. KATZ, T. J. (2005) Olefin metatheses and related reactions initiated by carbene derivatives of metals in low oxidation states. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 44, 3010-3019. MCKIERNAN, G. (2004) All that JAS: Journal abbreviation sources [online]. Iowa State University Library. Available from: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/JAS.htm [Accessed 09/01/2007] REGULATION 14: PLAGIARISM AND CHEATING (2006) University of Edinburgh Undergraduate and Postgraduate (Taught) Assessment Regulations: Academic Year 2006/07. 1 September 2006 ed. [online]. University of Edinburgh. Available from: http://www.aaps.ed.ac.uk/regulations/Asst/2006/Reg14.htm [Accessed 20/12/2006] RUSSELL, T. M. (1993) Essays, Reports and Dissertations: guidance notes on the preparation and presentation of written work, Edinburgh University Library. SILYN-ROBERTS, H. (2000) Writing for science and engineering: papers, presentations and reports, Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann. UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND (2006) The Harvard System Referencing Guide [online]. University of the West of England, Bristol. Available from: http://www.uwe.ac.uk/library/resources/general/info_study_skills/harvard2.htm [Accessed 20/12/2007]

Further Reading
BRITISH STANDARDS INSITUTIONS (1983) BS 6371:1983 Recommendations for citation of unpublished documents , London: BSI BRITISH STANDARDS INSITUTIONS (1990) BS 5605:1990 Recommendations for citing and referencing published material, London: BSI EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (2006) Acknowledging your sources: in your essay. [online] Available from: http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/howto/infoskills_citations.shtml [Accessed 20/12/2006]. HOLLAND, M. (2005) How to Cite References. [online] Bournemouth University Library. Available from: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/academic_services/documents/Library/Citing_References.pdf [Accessed 20/12/2006]. INFORMATION LITERACIES GROUP (2006) References and citations explained [online] Leeds University Library. Available from: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/training/referencing/ [Accessed 20/12/2006].

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IEEE REFERENCING STYLE

See links from IEEE Author Digital Toolbox at: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html
N.B. If you are preparing a paper for publication, the editorial board or publishers of the journal to which you want to submit will have decided what format citations and lists of references should take and will make the information available to authors. LATEX style guides may also be available for download.

In the Body of the Text (Citing your References)

Refer to a reference in a sentence thus [87], unless at the beginning of a sentence when you can begin. Reference [87] shows... Example: Shorter quotations do not need to be indented but are denoted by the use of double quotation marks [2]. Reference [2] also tells us longer quotes may be indented and comments interpolated in square brackets and: A short quotation placed at the head of a passage [or at the very beginning of a work] is an epigraph. Do not use quotations marks with epigraphs. Identify the source below the quotation.

Secondary References
If you refer to a work of which the only account you have read is that recorded in the work of someone else, you need to make it clear you have not read the original work. In the reference list, some sources direct authors to provide only the reference of the work they have actually read; be consistent or take advice. Examples: Lee [88] as cited by Smith [89] then include both works in your reference list Lee as cited by Smith [88] then include only the work you have actually read, ie the Smith article You have to have confidence in the source you have read to rely on it like this. Even work cited by reputable sources may bear scrutiny; see the minireview published by Thomas Katz [3] on a mistake perpetuated in the literature on olefin metatheses.

Illustrations, Figures or Data

Having considered copyright in their use, you should cite and reference any illustrations, graphs, data or figures, etc you take or adapt from another published work. If you do not amend the illustration etc in any way, reference the work as if it were a quotation, if you do amend the work, indicate this in the citation Example: Fig. 1. Answers blowing in the wind [4] If the illustration is of a work from a known library, collection or repository, give the location as outlined in 16.4.1 of British Standard BS 1629:1989 [5].

Format of the Reference List IEEE Style

The Reference List contains the full citation of those references cited in your text. In IEEE style the reference list is arranged sequentially by citation number. All Authors should be given in a reference unless there are six or more when et al. should be used [6]. However, there are articles in IEEE Journals in which this convention has not been used and all authors are listed. Be consistent in what you choose to do, or take advice.

Book, eg Silyn-Roberts [7]

[citation number] Author initials. Author last name, Title of Book taken from title page and publication details on the reverse. City of publication: Publisher, Year of publication, ch. for chapter or pp. for page numbers as appropriate. [7] H. Silyn-Roberts, Writing for science and engineering: papers, presentations and reports. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000, ch. 14.

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Book Chapter or section from Edited Book

[citation number] Chapter author initials. Chapter author last name, Title of Chapter, in Title of book taken from title page and publication details on the reverse, Book editor initials. Book editor last name, Ed(s). City of publication: Publisher, Year of publication, pp. chapter page numbers. [2] W. T. Hancock, "The principles of cell signalling," in On growth, form and computers, S. Kumar and P. J. Bentley, Eds. London: Elsevier Academic Press, 2003, pp. 64-81.

Computer Files, Programs or Software

From section 16.2 British Standard Recommendations for references to published materials [5]: For programs, mention may be made of the language used and the operating system or type of computer for which it is intended. The storage mediumshould be given. For machine-readable data files, any program required to read them may be mentioned. Example: [3] Micropro International Corporation. WordStar [program]. Version 3.30. Disk (5 in CP/M 86). San Rafael: Micropro, 1983 Alternatively, reference the article in which the program appeared or as directed by the program providers, eg Ivantchev et al [8] as at the Bilbao Crystallographic Server [9].

Conference Proceedings
[citation number] Editor initials. Editor last name, Ed(s)., Title of Proceedings, date of conference, year of conference, location of conference. City of publication: Publisher, year of publication. [4] M. Gerndt and D. Kranzlmuller, Eds., High Performance Computing and Communications. Proc. Second International Conference, HPCC 2006, 13-15 Sept, 2006, Munich, Germany, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2006, vol. 4208.

Conference Paper
[citation number] Paper author initials. Paper author last name, Title of Paper, in Title of Proceedings, date of conference, year of conference, location of conference. City of publication: Publisher, year of publication, pp. papers page numbers [5] P. Raghavan, "Advanced algorithms and software components for scientific computing: an introduction," in Applied Parallel Computing. State of the Art in Scientific Computing. 7th International Workshop, PARA 2004, 20-23 June, 2004, Lyngby, Denmark, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, J. Dongarra, K. Madsen, and J. Wasniewski, Eds., Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2004, vol. 3732, pp. 590-592.

N.B. The conference examples here have additional information because the proceedings are published as part of the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science for which publisher, publication and volume details are provided. The order of this information may be presented with volume number after Eds and page numbers after publisher, so that the date is last.

Journal Article
[citation number] Author initials. Author last name, Title of Article, Title of Journal, vol. journal volume, no. journal issue number, pp. article pages, year of publication. [6] J. Hein, F. Reid, L. Smith, I. Bush, M. Guest, and P. Sherwood, "On the performance of molecular dynamics applications on current high-end systems," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series A (Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences), vol. 363, pp. 1987-1998, 2005.

N.B. i) the article above has six authors in total and there is an IEEE convention [10] of using et al. when there are six or more authors (ie J. Hein et al., ) although in some IEEE Journals this convention has not been used and all authors are listed. Be consistent in what you choose to do, or take advice.

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ii) journal abbreviations if you need to find a full journal title from its abbreviation or vice versa, try Web of Sciences (http://wok.mimas.ac.uk) journal abbreviation list, JAS or ask staff at a library service desk as there are print publications we have which may help.

Mailing list or electronic discussion list

[citation number] Author initials. Author last name (Year, Month) Title of posting. Name of mailing list [Online]. Available: URL or as appropriate

[7]

J. Yeomans. (2001, Jun.) Citing preprints. LIS-SCITECH mailing list [Online]. Available: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/lis-scitech.html

Monograph Series
[citation number] Author initials. Author last name, Title of Volume, ser. Title of Series, City of publication: Publisher, vol. volume number, Year of publication. [8] P. J. Schmid and D. S. Henningson, Stability and transition in shear flows, ser. Applied Mathematical Sciences, New York: Springer-Verlag, vol. 142, 2001.

Monograph Series Chapter

[citation number] Chapter author initials. Chapter author last name, Title of chapter, in Title of Volume, Editor initial. Editor last name, Ed(s)., ser. Title of Series, City of publication: Publisher, vol. volume number, pp. chapter page numbers, Year of publication. [10] T. Dreyfus, "Advanced mathematical thinking processes," in Advanced mathematical thinking, D. Tall, Ed., ser. Mathematics Education Library, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, vol. 11, pp. 25-41, 1991.

Personal Communication
Where you have to use information which has come to you as an individual, rather than read in the published literature, indicate the information to be private communication in your reference list. [citation number] Correspondents initials. Correspondents last name, Correspondents address, private communication, date. [11] C.J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private communication, May 1995

Pre-print or article accepted for publication

Use the descriptions: unpublished and submitted for publication as appropriate. to be published for papers accepted for publication but not yet assigned to an issue [citation number] Author initials. Author last name. (Year article posted/update, Date article posted/updated) Title of paper, Journal Title if appropriate, description as above [Online]. Available: URL or as appropriate [12] A. Basden. (2006, Nov.) "Adaptive optics simulation performance improvements using reconfigurable logic," Applied Optics, to be published [Online]. Available: http://uk.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0611292

Report
[citation number] Author initials. Author last name, Title of report, Affiliation of report writer(s), address of report writers Rep. report number, year of publication. [13] D. Henty, Craft Performance Optimisation, T3D In-Depth Support Team, Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, University of Edinburgh Rep. EPCC-TR95-04, 1995.

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Thesis or Dissertation
[citation number] Author initials. Author last name, Title of thesis, degree type. designation, School/Department, Awarding Institution, Year of award. [14] M. J. Kochenderfer, Adaptive Modelling and Planning for Learning Intelligent Behaviour, Ph.D. thesis, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 2006.

Web Page
[citation number] Author initials. Author last name. (Year article posted/updated, Date article posted/updated) Title of page. [Online]. Available: URL or appropriate [9] Bilbao Crystallographic Server: how to cite us. [Online]. Available: http://www.cryst.ehu.es/html/doc/bcs_cite.adp

N.B. No author or date is given for this webpage and they are omitted from the reference.

IEEE Reference List

N.B. If the authors of sequential references are the same, , is sometimes used instead of listing the authors in the references following the initial instance. See [11]. This should only be applied when the references follow directly on from the initial instance. [1]
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] University of Edinburgh (2006, Sep 1) Regulation 14: Plagiarism and Cheating, University of Edinburgh Undergraduate and Postgraduate (Taught) Assessment Regulations: Academic Year 2006/07. [Online]. Available: http://www.aaps.ed.ac.uk/regulations/Asst/2006/Reg14.htm T. M. Russell, Essays, Reports and Dissertations: guidance notes on the preparation and presentation of written work, 2nd ed., Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Library, 1993, pp11-14. T. J. Katz, "Olefin metatheses and related reactions initiated by carbene derivatives of metals in low oxidation states," Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, vol. 44, pp. 3010-3019, 2005. University of the West of England (2006, Jul. 25) The Harvard System Referencing Guide. [Online]. Available: http://www.uwe.ac.uk/library/resources/general/info_study_skills/harvard2.htm Recommendations for references to published materials, BSI Standard BS1629:1989. Preparation of Papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals (March 2004). [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/publications/journmag/transactions/TRANS-JOUR.doc H. Silyn-Roberts, Writing for science and engineering: papers, presentations and reports. Oxford: ButterworthHeinemann, 2000, ch. 14. S. Ivantchev, E. Kroumova, M. I. Aroyo, J. M. Perez-Mato, J. M. Igartua, G. Madariaga, and H. Wondratschek, "SUPERGROUPS: a computer program for the determination of the supergroups of the space groups," Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol. 35, pp. 511-512, 2002. Bilbao Crystallographic Server: how to cite us. [Online]. Available: http://www.cryst.ehu.es/html/doc/bcs_cite.adp G. McKiernan. (2004, Nov. 22) All that JAS: Journal abbreviation sources. [Online]. Available: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/JAS.htm , (date) another website title. [Online]. Available: URL

N.B. If G. McKiernan was the author of [13] as well, his name would be given as usual because [12] has a different author.

Further Reading
[1] [2] [3] [6] [7] Recommendations for citation of unpublished documents, BSI Standard BS6371:1983. Recommendations for citing and referencing published material, BSI Standard BS 5605:1990 Edinburgh University Library 2006. Acknowledging your sources: in your essay. [online]. http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/howto/infoskills_citations.shtml [Accessed 11 April 2006]. Information Literacies Group (2006) References and citations explained [online] Leeds University Library. Available: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/training/referencing/ M. Holland (2005, Jul.) How to Cite References. [Online] Bournemouth University Library. Available: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/academic_services/documents/Library/Citing_References.pdf

The full-text of British Standards are available to staff and students of the University of Edinburgh from British Standards Online see the Librarys databases web pages for details: http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/resources/databases/findlita.shtml