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Ss 1 Further Mathematics Lesson 5

This document discusses distance between two points, conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines, and some example problems evaluating these concepts. It provides the formula for calculating distance as the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between the x- and y-coordinates. It also discusses that two lines are parallel if they have the same gradient, and perpendicular if the product of their gradients is -1. Several example problems are given to evaluate distances and identify parallel/perpendicular lines based on given points or gradients.

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Adio Babatunde Abiodun Cabax
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315 views3 pages

Ss 1 Further Mathematics Lesson 5

This document discusses distance between two points, conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines, and some example problems evaluating these concepts. It provides the formula for calculating distance as the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences between the x- and y-coordinates. It also discusses that two lines are parallel if they have the same gradient, and perpendicular if the product of their gradients is -1. Several example problems are given to evaluate distances and identify parallel/perpendicular lines based on given points or gradients.

Uploaded by

Adio Babatunde Abiodun Cabax
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS

Let P1 ( x1 , y 1 )∧P2 ( x 2 , y 2 ) be two distinct points. The distance d between them can thus be
calculated.
P2(x2,y2)
y

Y2-y1

P(x1,y1)
x2-x1
0 x
Applying Pythagoras theorem to right- angled triangle in the graph above,
2
d =( x2−x 1 ) 2+ ( y 2− y 1 ) 2

∴ d=√( x 2−x 1 ) +¿ ( y 2− y 1) ¿
2 2

Example 6:
Calculated the distance between the points, (4,1) and (3,-2)
Solution:
The distance between the points (4,1) and (3, -2) is √ ¿2+(1−(−2 ) )2¿=√10=3.16
EVALUATION:
Find the distances between the given points:
1. ( 15,11 ) ,(3,6)
2. ( √ 2 ,1 ) ,(2 √ 2 ,3)

SUB – TOPIC 4: CONDITIONS FOR PARALLELISM AND PERPENDICULARITY


B B

2
1

A C
The diagram above, the angles between the lines AB and DC are as indicated are related as
follows:
AAQC = DQB = θ (vertically opposite angles)
θ 2 ¿ θ 1 +θ in triangle ACQ (exterior angle of a triangle equals sum of opposite interior angles)
The lines AB (gradient m1) and CD(gradient m2) making angles θ 1 and θ 2 with the x−axis shows
that: tanθ 1 = m1 and tanθ 2 = m2
Since θ 2 = θ 1+θ , θ=θ2−θ 1
⇒ tanθ=tan ⁡¿2−θ 1) ¿ ¿2 - tanθ 1)¿ ¿2tanθ 1) = (m2 – m1)/(1 + m2m1)
If the two lines are parallel, the angle between them is zero, hence tanθ=0 and hence tan0=¿
m2 – m1)/(1 + m2m1) ⇒ ¿m2 – m1) = 0 ⇒ m2 = m1
If the two lines are perparticular, θ=90∧tanθ=∞ . Since any value divided by zero¿ ∞ ⇒from
tanθ=¿ m2 – m1)/ (1 + m2m1), (1 + m2m1) = 0, m2m1 = - 1 m1 = -1/ m2 or m2 = -1/m1
EVALUATION:
1. Find the gradient of a line parallel to the line whose gradient is 2.3
2. Find the gradient of a line perpendicular to the line which passes through each pair of
the following points
a. (0,8) and (-5,2) b. (-k,h) and (b, -f)

ASSIGNMENT.
1. Find the equation of the line passing through (0, -1) and parallel to the y –axis
a . y=−1 b . y=0 c . x=0 d . x=−1
1
2. The gradient of the line passing through the points P ( 4,5 ) ∧Q ( x , 9 ) is . Find the value
2
of x .
a .−4 b.0 c .4 d .12
3. The distance between P ( x , 7 )∧Q (6,19) is 13units. Find the values of x .
a .1∨−7 b .1∨7 c .1∨11 d .5∨−5
ESSAY:
1. Given the three points A ( 2,1 ) , B (−3 ,−2 ) ∧C(3 ,−2)
a. The gradient of AB
b. The equation of the line through C perpendicular to AB

2. If M and N are the mid – points of BC and AC respectively, calculate:


a. The coordinates of the point of intersection G
b. The value of the ratio lAGl : lGMl.

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