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Physics Investigatory Project

This document is a physics investigatory project report on space time. It includes a certificate certifying the completion of the project by the student Pratiksha Patil. The project was completed under the supervision of the physics department and principal of Jindal Vidya Mandir. The introduction provides an overview of Einstein's general theory of relativity which describes that space and time are unified in an entity called spacetime. The aim and materials used in the project are described which involve depicting how mass curves spacetime using a rubber sheet, bucket, rope and mass. Diagrams show how clocks near a mass would measure slower time than clocks further away, and how light bends around a black hole due to the curvature of spacetime according to general

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2K views8 pages

Physics Investigatory Project

This document is a physics investigatory project report on space time. It includes a certificate certifying the completion of the project by the student Pratiksha Patil. The project was completed under the supervision of the physics department and principal of Jindal Vidya Mandir. The introduction provides an overview of Einstein's general theory of relativity which describes that space and time are unified in an entity called spacetime. The aim and materials used in the project are described which involve depicting how mass curves spacetime using a rubber sheet, bucket, rope and mass. Diagrams show how clocks near a mass would measure slower time than clocks further away, and how light bends around a black hole due to the curvature of spacetime according to general

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Swati
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics Investigatory

Project
On

“SPACE TIME”
Name – Pratiksha Patil
XI Science
Roll No – 9
Year – 2021-22
Certificate
This is to certify that
Miss Pratiksha Patil
of standard XI Science Successfully completed
her project work in chemistry entitled,
“Space Time”.
The task was carried under supervision at Jindal
Vidya Mandir, Salav and department of physics
with generous consent of Sir Principal
Mr. Ritwiz Gaur

Dept. of Physics Principal


Acknowledgement
I Wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to the Principal, Mr.
Ritwiz Gaur, for his encouragement and
for all the facilities that he has provided
for this project.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Bipin
Kumar Chaubey, our physics teacher,
who guided me to successfully complete
this project. I take this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude for
his invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement and sympathetic attitude.
Introduction
The Einstein’s theory of general relativity
In Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, space and time are
unified in a single entity (sub atomic particles) called spacetime.
JULY 28, 2021
Astrophysicists report first
detection of light from behind
a black hole
Fulfilling a prediction of Einstein’s theory of general relativity, researchers report the
first-ever recordings of X-ray emissions from the far side of a black hole.

The only way we are able to see light from behind a black hole is
because of general relativity.

 Question- How light that came from outside the black hole
went behind it?
(It cannot go through black hole, because black hole don’t allow
any light to escape)

 Solution- LIGHT IS BENDING AROUND THE BLACK


HOLE
Theory say’s large objects actually warps space time that’s what
gravity is and which allows light to bend around objects.

Let us summarize the general theory in 12 short words


“SPACE TIME TELLS MATTER HOW TO MOVE AND
MATTER TELLS SPACE TIME HOW TO CURVE”
General relativity does not answer everything, it tells us how gravity works, it doesn’t
really tell us what exactly it is.
AIM:
Depiction of the General Relativity for explanation of gravity.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
1. Rubber sheet
2. Bucket
3. Rope
4. Heavy mass object

PROCEDURE:
 Stretch the rubber sheet to the bucket
 Now tie it with the rope around the head of the bucket.
THEORY:
The bending of
space is represented as a
flat rubber-sheet
with masses
pressing down on it.
In Einstein’s theory,
the presence of mass and energy warps spacetime, and it is this curvature
that affects objects in the way we perceive as gravity. The basic idea is
that while we see objects accelerating towards a mass by the effect of a
force, in reality is just the object attempting to follow a straight line in
this four-dimensional warped space described by General Relativity.

DIAGRAM in 3D plane

Fig .1  At the intersections of the grid lines there are clocks that show
the rate of passage of time at each point in space, relative to a far away
observer. If we start all the clocks at the same time, we can notice how
the clocks near the mass measure time at a slower pace than the clocks
further away from the mass.
Fig .2 If add some amount of mass in the grid lines it starts to move in circular
path.

Fig .1 Fig .2

OBSERVATION:

Fig .3

Fig .3 In Einstein’s general theory of relativity, gravity is nothing more than the
curvature of spacetime. A massive object, such as the black hole causes a
deformation of the spacetime grid.
Light beam follows the shortest path which is straight line, but in the space
perhaps a straight line is not the shortest path between two points because in the
presence of mass and energy space becomes curve, so that the shortest path that
line can take is curved path.

Einstein was right! Black hole discovery proves theory of general relativity 'in
action' by bending the light coming outside it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzQC3uYL67U&list=LL&index=18
 https://www.quora.com/How-can-I-understand-Einsteins-Theory-of-
Relativity-via-a-simple-example
 https://physics.aps.org/articles/v2/71
 https://1ucasvb.tumblr.com/
 www.google.com

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