Oral Communication in

Context
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
The Various Models of
Communication

WEEK 3
Weekly Home Learning Plan ORAL COMMUNICATION IN Wednesday
CONTEXT 1:00 – 3:00
Week 2
Quarter 1
Learning Competency Learning Tasks Mode of
Delivery
1. Differentiate the various Answer the following activities: Have the parent
models of 1. What I Know: page 1 hand-in the
communication. 2. What’s New: page 2 output to the
3. What’s More: page 11 assigned
4. What I Have Learned: page 12 barangay adviser
5. What I Can Do: page 12 in the drop center.
6. Assessment: pages 13-14

CO_Q1_Oral Communication in Context SHS_Module 2

 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to make you better understand and

differentiate the various models of communication.

As you go through this module, you are expected to design and

perform effective controlled and uncontrolled oral communication
activities based on context.

What I Know
Directions: Match the model of communication in column B with
its brief description in column A. Write the letter of your answer on
the answer sheet.
A B
1. The speaker is the one who drives the entire
communication. A. Claude Shannon and Warren
2. This model of communication Weaver Model of Communication
operates on the SMCR model.
B. Schramm’s Model of
3. It is often called the Telephone Model because
Communication
it is based on the experience of having the
message interfered by noise. C. Aristotle’s Model of
4. This model asserts that Communication
communication takes place only if
D. White’s Model of Communication
there is an overlap between the
experience of both the speaker and E. Berlo’s Model of Communication

the listener.
5. The main characteristics of this F. Helical Model of Communication
model of communication is that it is
evolutionary.
6. This model shows that communication is in
circular and continuous motion without a
beginning and end.

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Lesson
The Various Models of
2 Communication

What’s In

One of the best ways to understand the various models of

communication is to show them graphically. Explaining a concept
using a graph can be very helpful because it simplifies the learning
process and allows for better understanding.

What’s New

Directions: Compare and contrast the pictures below. Which of the

two situations shows a more effective communication? Why do you
think so?

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 What is It

The following are different models of communication that

explain and illustrate how the process of communicating works.

A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication

Aristotle (5 BCE), a teacher of Rhetoric and a founder of an
academy that produced good speakers, came up with the first
and earliest model of communication. This model is more focused
on public speaking than interpersonal communication. Speaker
plays a very important role in public speaking. To influence or
persuade his audience, he must first prepare his speech and
analyze the audience before he speaks to them.

SPEAKER MESSAGE AUDIENCE

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

B. Transactional Model
In the transactional model, there is an exchange of
messages between the sender and the receiver where both take
turns in sending and receiving messages. The roles of both
communicators reverse each time in the communication
process. This is also called circular model of communication
and is used for interpersonal communication. Everyday talk
and interactions are examples of transactional model of
communication. The participants in this communication
process who have common social and cultural systems and
relational situations can communicate with one another more

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 effectively. A teacher discussing a lesson with his students or
teachers holding a virtual meeting communicate with one
another efficiently because they know each other and share the
same social system. The model shows that there is a continuous
exchanging of messages, but barriers may take place and affect
communication.

Transaction Model
Source: https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/transactional-model-communication

C. Shannon – Weaver’s Model of Communication

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced the concept
of noise. This model of communication is also known as the
Telephone Model for this is based on the experience of using the
telephone back in the 1940’s wherein the message was
hindered by noise. Therefore, the message received by the listener
was not necessarily the message sent by the sender.

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 The Shannon – Weaver model of communication contains
six important features.

1. Sender
The originator of message or the information source selects
desire message.

2. Encoder
The transmitter which converts the message into signals.

Note: The sender’s messages converted into signals like waves or

binary data which is compactable to transmit the messages through
cables or satellites. For example: In telephone, the voice is converted
into wave signals and it transmits through cables.

3. Decoder
The reception place of the signal which converts signals into
message, a reverse process of encode.

Note: The receiver converts those binary data or waves into

message which is comfortable and understandable for receiver.
Otherwise, receiver can’t receive the exact message, and it will affect
the effective communication between sender and receiver.

4. Receiver
The destination of the message from sender.

Note: Based on the decoded message the receiver gives their

feedback to sender. If the message is distracted by noise, it will
affect the communication flow between sender and receiver.

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5. Noise
The messages are transferred from encoder to decoder through
channel. During this process the messages may be distracted
or affected by physical noise like horn sounds, thunder, and
crowd noise or encoded signals may distract in the channel
during the transmission process which affect the
communication flow or the receiver may not receive the correct
message.

An example of Shannon - Weaver model of communication

Mr. Diaz made a call to his secretary “Please call the internet
provider.” During his call, noise comes in (transmission error)
and his secretary heard “Please call” only. The secretary replied
(feedback) “Whom will I call, Sir?”
Sender : Mr. Diaz
Encoder : Telephone (Mr. Diaz)
Channel : Cable
Noise : Distraction in voice
Reception : Telephone (Secretary)
Receiver : Assistant
Due to transmission error or noise, the secretary was not able
to understand the message.

Shannon – Weaver Model of Communication

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 D. Schramm Model of Communication
Wilbur Schramm is known as the Father of Mass
Communication. He came up with five models but in the
Schramm Model of Communication he developed in 1955,
communication breakdown is explained. He asserts that both the
sender and the receiver should have the same field of experience.

In this concept, field of experience refers to everything that

makes an individual unique – everything that he/she has ever
learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and studied. In this model,
communication has six elements.
Source
Encoder
Message
Channel
Decoder
Receiver

He gives emphasis on encoding and decoding of message.

This model shows how a message is transferred from the sender to
the receiver. The model also asserts that message can be
complicated by different meaning learned by different people.
Schramm claims that communication can take place if and only if
there is an overlap between the field of experience of the
participants of the communication process. It means that the
sender and the receiver have commonalities. For example, a
Japanese is invited to give a talk to Filipino students. These
students can only understand English and Filipino. If the speaker
will speak in Japanese, the audience will not be able to understand
him.

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 Schramm’s Model of Communication
Source: https://methods.sagepub.com/images/virtual/how-to-build-social-science-theories/127_1.jpg

E. Eugene White Model of Communication

Eugene White’s Model of communication says that
communication is circular and continuous, without a beginning or
end. His 1960 cyclical model, the communication process is
composed of eight stages- thinking, symbolizing, expressing,
transmitting, receiving, decoding, feed-backing, monitoring, and
thinking. He also points out that although one can assume that
communication begins with thinking, it can be observed from any
point in the circle. White was also the one who introduced the
concept of feedback which is a process also known as to close the
loop.
Expressing
Symbolizing Transmitting

Thinking Receiving

Monitoring Decoding

Feedbacking

White’s Model of Communication

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 F. Berlo’s Model of Communication
You have already learned that Aristotle’s model of
communication places the speaker in the central position and the
one who drives the entire communication process. The Berlo’s
model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect
of the message.

Berlo’s model follows the SMCR model

S – Source
M – Message
C – Channel
R – Receiver

Berlo’s model of communication is composed of a several

factors under each element. The SOURCE is where the
message originates. The person should have communication
skills like the ability to read, write, speak, and listen to the
right attitude towards the listeners, subject, and oneself. The
individual must be knowledgeable about the topic he is
communicating and the audience’s familiarity with it. In
communicating, the social system must be considered such
as the culture of the audience. The sender of the message from
where the message originates is referred to as the encoder.

Content is the body of the MESSAGE, from beginning to the

end like whatever the teacher teaches his students from the
beginning up to the end. The speech must be accompanied by
elements such as gestures, facial expression or body language
so that listeners will not lose interest. Treatment is the way
one treats his message. One must understand the importance
of the message know how to handle it. Berlo’s model asserts that a
message must be properly structured in order to be conveyed

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clearly. The code in this model refers to the means through which
a message is sent and in what form. It could be the language,
gestures, expressions, music, and so on. The code should be
correct in the communication. Only when the code is clear, the
message will be clear.

The C in the SMCR stands for CHANNEL. Channel refers to the five
sense organs: hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, and tasting.
These five senses help human beings to communicate with one
another.

When the RECEIVER message reaches the receiver, he tries to

understand what the sender is trying to convey. This is also called
decoding.

Berlo’s Model of Communication

Source: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/berlo-model-of-communication.htm

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 G. Helical Model of Communication
The Helical Model of communication was developed by Frank
Dance in 1967. He thought of communication similar to helix.
Helix is a smooth curve like a spring that goes upwards and
downwards. This model presents the concept of time where
continuousness of communication process is very important.
In helical model, communication is a dynamic process.
Communication progresses as an individual gets older and his
experience and vocabulary increases.

Helical Model of Communication

Source: https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/helical-model-communication

What’s More
Directions: Compare and contrast “Tonight with Boy Abunda”
and the state of the nation address of any of the presidents of
the Philippines. Explain how communication took place in
each presentation. Include the advantages and disadvantages
of each communication process used. You may watch a sample
of each on YouTube.

1. Tonight with Boy Abunda

______________________________________________________________________

2. State of the Nation Address

____________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words.

Explaining a concept using a 1.)___________ can be very helpful for
it simplifies the learning process and allows for better
understanding.
Aristotle‘s model of communication is more focused on
2.)_________________ than interpersonal communication.
3.)______________________’s model of communication is also known
as the Telephone Model for this is based on the experience of using
the telephone back in the 1940’s.
4.)__________________ claims that communication can take place if
and only if there is an overlap between the field of experience of the
participants in the communication process.
Eugene White’s model of communication says that communication
is 5.)______________ and 6.)______________, without a beginning or
end.
Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the
7.)________________ aspect of the message.
Helical model of communication claims that communication
progresses as an individual gets older and his/her experience and
8.)_________________increases.

What I Can Do

Directions: Choose one of the seven models of communication

discussed in this module. Make a two to three-minute video
explaining the model and then submit it to your teacher.

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 Rubrics for Communication Model
Criteria 5 3 2
Delivery The learner The learner effectively The learner somewhat
proficiently and explains the topic but effectively explains
effectively explains with some important the topic but with
the topic. details missing. several important
details missing.
Relevance of Ideas Details are relevant Details lack Few relevant details.
and adequate. elaboration.
Organization The presentation is The presentation is The presentation is
clear and very well clear and sections are organized but not
organized with each identified with a good entirely sequential or
section in clear and amount of clarity and with clarity.
sequential order. sequencing.

Assessment
Directions: Answer the question in each number. Choose the
letter of the best answer.

1. Which situation is the best example of Aristotle’s model of

communication?
A. A parent is talking to his child over the phone.
B. Peter is watching TV Patrol.
C. The students are planning for their cheering competition.
D. The teachers are holding their general faculty meeting.

2. Which model considers the emotional aspect of the

message?
A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
B. Berlo’s Model of Communication
C. Helical Model of Communication
D. Eugene White Model of Communication

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3. The child is crying because he is hungry, and his mother
gives him milk signifies the communication between them.
After a couple of years, the child tells his mother that he
wants bread because he is hungry. This situation is an
example of what model?
A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
B. Berlo’s Model of Communication
C. Helical Model of Communication
D. Eugene White Model of Communication

4. In Shannon and Weaver’s Transmission Model, what

element is considered as a dysfunctional factor?
A. noise
B. transmitter
C. channel
D. feedback

5. What model demonstrates a one-way process of

communication in which one person, the sender, gives a
message or speech to a person or group of people for a
certain effect?
A. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
B. Transactional Model
C. Shannon – Weaver’s Model of Communication
D. Interactive Communication Model

Answer Key
7. vocabulary
6. emotional 6. D
continuous
5. circular and 5. F
4. Wilbur Schramm 4. B
3. Shannon Weaver’s 3. A
2. Public speaking 2. E
1. graph 1. C
What I Have Learned What I Know

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