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8085 Microprocessor Architecture

The document describes the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the main components which include the ALU, control logic, registers, memory, and I/O interfaces. It then focuses on the registers within the 8085 including the general purpose registers (B, C, D, E, H, L), accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, and flag register. It provides details on the purpose and functionality of each register.

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Hritwik Ghosh
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82 views13 pages

8085 Microprocessor Architecture

The document describes the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the main components which include the ALU, control logic, registers, memory, and I/O interfaces. It then focuses on the registers within the 8085 including the general purpose registers (B, C, D, E, H, L), accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, and flag register. It provides details on the purpose and functionality of each register.

Uploaded by

Hritwik Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8085 Microprocessor Architecture

1
System Architecture
The typical processor system consists of:

 CPU (central processing unit)


 ALU (arithmetic-logic unit)
 Control Logic
 Registers, etc…
 Memory
 Input / Output interfaces

Interconnections between these units:

 Address Bus
 Data Bus
 Control Bus

2
3
Register Section

4
The 8085: Registers

5
The 8085: Registers
General Purpose Registers

 Six general purpose 8-bit registers: B, C, D, E, H, L

 They can also be combined as register pairs to


perform 16-bit operations: BC, DE, HL

 Registers are programmable (data load, move, etc.)

Special Purpose Registers

 Accumulator, Program Counter, Stack Pointer, Flag Register

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ACCUMULATOR(ACC)

 The accumulator is an 8-bit register :Used for


arithmetic / logic operations – the result is always
stored in the accumulator.
 ACC holds one of the source of the operand and also
destination of the result.

7
PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
a 16 bit register, used to store the next
address of the operation code to be fetched
by the CPU.
 Purpose of PC in a Microprocessor
 to store address of next instruction to be
executed.

8
STACK POINTER (SP)
 Stack Pointer(SP)(16) – Points to a
memory location in R/W memory, called
the stack
 The stack is configured as a data
structure that grows downward from high
memory to low memory.
 At any given time, the SP holds the 16-bit
address of the next free location in the
stack.

9
FLAG REGISTER(F)

 The ALU includes five flip-flops, which are set or reset


after an operation according to data conditions of the
result in the accumulator and other registers
 They are called Zero (Z), Carry (CY), Sign (S), Parity
(P), and Auxiliary Carry (AC) flags

 If the sum in the accumulator is larger than eight bits,


the flip-flop uses to indicate a carry -- called the Carry
flag (CY) – is set to one
 When an arithmetic operation results in zero, the flip-
flop called the Zero (Z) flag is set to one
10
FLAG REGISTER

 If the result in the accumulator is negative, then Sign


flag (S) – is set to one
 If the result in the accumulator holds even no. of 1’s,
then Parity flag (P) – is set to one
 If carry is occurred in D3 (lower nibble ) and passed to
D4 bit , then Auxiliary Carry (AC) flag is set to one.

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FLAGS

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INSTRUCTION REGISTER/DECODER

 The instruction register and the decoder are


considered as a part of the ALU
 The instruction register is a temporary storage for the
current instruction of a program
 The decoder decodes the instruction and establishes
the sequence of events to follow

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