Human Eye Spiral

UI 11 – HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD
CONTENT
The Human Eye
Power of accommodation
Defects of vision and their correction
Refraction of light through a prism
Dispersion of white light through a glass prism
Atmospheric refraction
Scattering of light
Tyndall effect
Colour of clear sky
Colour of sun at sunrise and sunset
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students will understand the structure of human eye.
Students will understand the various defects of eye and their correction.
Students will understand the phenomena of dispersion of light.
Students will understand the cause for dispersion.
Students will understand various phenomenon related to their life like
formation of rainbow.
Students will understand Tyndall effect.
Students will understand various phenomenon related to their life.
KEY WORDS
Myopia
Hypermetropia
Dispersion
Recombination
Angle of deviation
Atmospheric refraction
Scattering of light
Tyndall effect
SECTION: A
I Multiple choice questions:
1 A student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the blackboard but is
not able to read the letters written in his text book. Which of the following statements is
correct?
(a) The near point of his eyes has receded away
(b) The near point of his eyes has come closer to him
(c) The far point of his eyes has come closer to him
(d) The far point of his eyes has receded away
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2 A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2 m. This defect
can be corrected by using a lens of power
(a) + 0.5 D
(b) – 0.5 D
(c) + 0.2 D
(d) – 0.2 D
3 A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations.

A narrow beam of white light is incident on the prism as shown in Figure 11.1. In which
of the following cases, after dispersion, the third colour from the top corresponds to the
colour of the sky?
(a) (i)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (iv)
4 Which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow?
(a) Reflection, refraction and dispersion
(b) Refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection
(c) Refraction, dispersion and internal reflection
(d) Dispersion, scattering and total internal reflection
5 Which of the following statements is correct regarding the propagation of light of

different colours of white light in air?
(a) Red light moves fastest
(b) Blue light moves faster than green light
(c) All the colours of the white light move with the same speed
(d) Yellow light moves with the mean speed as that of the red and the violet light
II Very short answer type questions:
1 How is the amount of light entering into the human eye regulated?
2 How is cataract caused? How is it cured?

3 Why is the colour of the clear sky blue?
4 How do you account for the red colour of the sun during sunrise and sunset?
5 Why are the traffic stop signals (or danger signals) of red colour?
II Assertion Reasoning type questions:

I For following questions, two statements are given- one labeled Assertion (A) and the
other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) as given below
i) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
iii) A is true but R is false.
iv) A is false but R is true.
1 Assertion (A): A normal human eye can clearly see all the objects beyond certain
minimum distance.
Reason (R): The human eye has capacity of adjusting the focal length of eye lens.
2 Assertion (A): Hypermetropia is the defect of the eye in which only nearer objects are
seen by the eye.
Reason (R): Hypermetropia is corrected by using convex lens.
LEVEL 1
1 Define the following terms and give their values for a normal eye:
Least distance of distinct vision
Far point of a normal human eye

2 What is myopia? State two reasons due to which this effect is caused?
3 Draw a diagram to show formation of image of a distant object by a myopic eye. How
can such an eye defect be remedied?
4 The far point of a myopic person is 150 cm in front of the eye. Calculate the focal length
and the power of the lens required to enable to see distant objects clearly.

5 The near point of a person is at 40 cm from the eye. Find the power of the lens he should
use while reading at 25 cm.
6 What is presbyopia? Write two causes of this defect.
7 What is a prism? Draw a diagram to discuss the refraction of light through a prism.
8 Define the angle of deviation. What is the cause of dispersion of light?
9 The sun is visible to us about two minutes before actual sunrise and about two minutes
after the actual sunset. Give reason.
10 What will be the colour of sky in the absence of atmosphere? How does the sky appear
from the surface of moon?

LEVEL 2
11 The far point of a myopic eye is 1m, in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of
lens required to correct the problem?
12 (a) What is hypermetropia? What are the two causes of this defect of vision? (b) How
can this defect of the eye be corrected? Illustrate your answer by drawing ray diagram to
show the formation of image by (i) a hypermetropic eye (ii) a hypermetropic eye
corrected with a suitable lens.
13 Name the optical phenomenon involved in the formation of rainbow. Describe the
formation of rainbow in the sky with the help of a ray diagram.
14 What is meant by scattering of light? Use this phenomenon to explain why the clear sky
appears blue or the sun appears reddish at sunrise.
15 A person is able to see objects clearly only when these are lying at distances between 50
cm and 300 cm from his eye. What kind of defects of vision he is suffering from?
What kind of lenses will be required to increase his range of vision from 25 cm to
infinity?
LEVEL 3
16 Why do we have two eyes for vision and not just one?

17 Describe an experiment to show that different colours of white light can be recombined
to form of white light.
18 Why do we observe the apparent random wavering or flickering of objects when seen
through a turbulent stream of hot air rising above fire, a stove or radiator?
19 How do we see colours?

What is colour blindness? What kind of retinal cells are lacking in person suffering from
this defect?
20 What is meant by persistence of vision? We are able to see the moving picture in a
cinema hall. How does this happen?
Answer question numbers 1–4 on the basis of your understanding of the following
paragraph and the related studied concepts.
The human eye is like a camera. Its lens system forms an image on a light-sensitive
screen called the retina. Light enters the eye through a thin membrane called the cornea.
It forms the transparent bulge on the front surface of the eyeball as shown in the figure.
The crystalline lens merely provides the finer adjustment of focal length required to
focus objects at different distances on the retina. We find a structure called iris behind
the cornea. Iris is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil. The
pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye. There are mainly three
common refractive defects of vision. These are (i) myopia or near-sightedness, (ii)
hypermetropia or far-sightedness, and (iii) Presbyopia. These defects can be corrected
by the use of suitable spherical lenses.

1 The function of pupil in the human eye
a) To control intensity of light entering the eye
b) To change focal length of eye lens
c) To focus light on retina
d) To form image of object on retina
2 What is the far point and near point of human eye with normal vision?
a) Far point at infinity , near point 50 cm
b) Far point at infinity , near point 25 cm
c) Far point at 100 cm , near point 50 cm
d) Far point at very large distance , near point 25 cm
3 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What
could be the defect the child is suffering from?
a) Myopia
b) Hypermetropia
c) Cataract
d) Astigmatism
4 What is the function of iris in human eye?
a) To control intensity of light entering the eye
b) To change focal length of eye lens
c) To focus light on retina
d) To change the size of pupil as intensity of light

HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD
EYE ITS
PARTS AND HUMAN EYE ATMOSPHERIC
THEIR AND REFRACTION
FUNCTION COLOURFUL
WORLD
REFRACTION
AND SCATTERING
DISPERSION OF LIGHT
THROUGH
PRISM DIAGRAMS AND
QUESTIONS BASED ON
THESE PHENOMENON

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UI 11 – HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD

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3 A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations.

5 Which of the following statements is correct regarding the propagation of light of

II Very short answer type questions:

2 How is cataract caused? How is it cured?

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II Assertion Reasoning type questions:

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6 What is presbyopia? Write two causes of this defect.

8 Define the angle of deviation. What is the cause of dispersion of light?

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19 How do we see colours?

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