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1 Introduction to Tajweed

1.1 Definition
Linguistically: It means betterment.
Applied definition: It is articulating every letter from its articulation point and
giving the letter its rights and its dues of characteristics.

It is to know the rights of the letter (the characteristics of the letter that
never leaves it) and the dues of the letter (the letter’s characteristics that are
present in it sometimes and leaves it sometimes).

The science of tajweed is the study in which one learns how to pronounce the
letters with their characteristics from their correct articulation points,
knowing what rules apply to it, and how to start reading a word, how to read it
continually and how to stop at it.

1.2 History of Tajweed

The Quraan was revealed to the Prophet Muhammed ( ‫سلّ َم‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ ّ ‫صلّى‬
َ ُ‫ّللا‬ َ ) with
tajweed. During the time of the Prophet and his companions there was no such
thing as tajweed because that was how the Quraan was taught and recited. The
Quraan scholars used to teach their students the Quraan with complete
tajweed. They used to recite and their students would recite after them. The
process was repeated as many times as necessary until the student could read
the Quraan perfectly.

As the years went by, more and more people entered into Islam, the scholars
saw a need to study how the Quraan was read and then come up with basic rules
that can be applied to ensure its correct recitation.

The first publication of tajweed appeared as an independent science in its own

right around the 4th century after hijra.

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1.3 Ruling on Tajweed

Two Sections to the

science of tajweed

Theoretical Practical
Studying the theoretical rules of Applying the theoretical rules of
tajweed, memorising them and tajweed while reading the Quraan.
understanding them. Ruling: Fardh ayan (individual
Ruling: Fardh kifaya (group obligation – it is an obligation on
obligation – as long as there is a every single Muslims male and female
group of Muslims studying the to learn to read the Quraan with
theoretical rules of tajweed, the proper tajweed.
obligation is lifted from the Muslims)

Two ways to obtain the

science of tajweed

Ar-Riwayiah Ad-Dirayiah
(Through narration) (Through studying)
The sheikh reads and the Quraan It is to study the rules theoretically
and his student reads after him, as then apply them practically on the
many times as necessary until the Quraan. If the reader then forgets
student perfects his reading and some of the rules, he revises the
becomes a skilled reciter on his own theory that he studied and tries to
right. correct himself. BUT the student
OR must also read in front of a sheikh
The student reads in front of the so that he reaches perfection in his
sheikh and the sheikh corrects him. recitation. This way the student has
AND preferably both methods combined between ad-dirayiah and
combined together. But it is feared ar-riwayiah .
for the student that he may start to
forget the rules as time passes by.

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1.4 Merits of Reciting the Quraan

The definition of the Quraan is: It is the words of Allaah that has been
revealed to the Prophet Muhammed ( ‫سلّ َم‬َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ ّ ‫صلّى‬
َ ُ‫ّللا‬ َ ), that has reached us
through many reciters, its recitation is worship and it has challenged mankind to
produce a surah like its smallest surah.

So reciting Quraan is a way of getting closer to Allah. We have been ordered to

read Quraan in a number of ayah in the Quraan. Some of which are:

Recite what is sent of the Book by inspiration to thee, and

establish regular Prayer: for Prayer restrains from shameful and
unjust deeds; and remembrance of Allah is the greatest (thing in
life) without doubt. And Allah knows the (deeds) that ye do.
[Al-Ankaboot : 45]

… read ye, therefore, of the Quraan as much as may be easy for

you [Al-Muzzammil : 20]

As for the reward, the ayah in the Quraan are many, here is one of them:

Those who rehearse the Book of Allah, establish regular Prayer,

and spend (in Charity) out of what We have provided for them,
secretly and openly, hope for a commerce that will never fail: For
He will pay them their wages, nay, He will give them (even) more
out of His Bounty: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Ready to
appreciate (service). [Faatir : 29 – 30]

There are also many ahaadeeth (narrations of the Prophet ( ‫سلّ َم‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ ّ ‫صلّى‬
َ ُ‫ّللا‬ َ ))
that encourage reading and studying the Quraan.

1.5 Manners of Reciting Quraan

1. It is preferred for the reciter to have wudu and recite in a clean place,
wearing clean clothes with their awra covered.

2. It is sunnah to clean ones teeth with the miswak, as the words and letters of
the Quraan come out of the mouth. Also, using the miswak is pleasing to
Allaah and glorifying the Quraan. It was narrated that Ali (radiya allahu anh)
used to encourage others to use the miswak and said: “When a man stands to
pray the angel keeps getting close to the reciter listening to him reciting

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the Quraan, until his mouth is on the mouth of the reciter, and every verse
recited goes into the angel’s mouth.”

3. It is preferred that the reciter chooses a place away from distractions, so

that he can concentrate and ponder on what he is reciting.

1.6 Manners to be Observed During Recitation

1. Seeking refuge in Allah from shaitaan:

When thou dost read the Quraan, seek Allah’s protection from
Satan the rejected one [An-Nahl: 96].

2. To be careful with and to pay attention to the tajweed and the grammatical
rules as Allah says:

Or a little more; and recite the Quraan in slow, measured

rhythmic tones. [Al-Muzzammil: 4].

3. To contemplate and ponder on the meaning of the verses they recite and
Allah has ordered this in a number of places in the Quraan:

(Here is) a Book which We have sent down unto thee, full of
blessings, that they may mediate on its Signs, and that men of
understanding may receive admonition [Saad:29].

4. To implement what they recite in the Quraan, that is to say subhana Allah
when an order for tasbeeh is made, or seeking for forgiveness when the
reciter comes across an order to beg for forgiveness, or ask for jennah
when it is mentioned or seek refuge from hell fire when it is mentioned.

5. To do the prostration of tilawah when the reciter comes across an order for
prostration.

6. He should perfect his voice when reading. The more a person recites Quraan
out loud the more the voice automatically improves.

7. Should pay attention to the levels of recitation (at-tahqeeq, al-hadr and at-
tadweer), taking care of implementing the grammatical and tajweed rules
correctly within that level.

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8. To read suratul fatiha and the first five ayaat from Suratul Baqarah when
they complete reciting the Quraan, as well as making a dua as this dua is
acceptable.

1.7 General Manners regarding Recitation

The reciter of the Quraan should:

1. Implement what rules he comes cross, and have the character of the
Quraan.

2. Maintain the characteristics of the people of the Quraan, by making lots of

dhikr (remembrance of Allah), contemplating, less idle chatting, and to
persist in worship and obedience to Allah.
3. Ensure that they teach the Quraan and convey its ayaat to other people as
the Prophet ( ‫سل َم‬
َ ‫َو‬ ‫علَ ْي ِه‬
َ ُ‫ّللا‬
ّ ‫صلى‬
َ ) said: “convey about me even if it just one
ayah”.

4. Strive to perfect their reading. It has been narrated that Imam Shafie may
Allah have mercy on him said: “Whenever a person learns a science he should
excel in learning it”.

5. Set aside a certain amount of the Quraan to be read on a daily basis. This
amount should be at least one juzz so that the recitation of the Quraan is
completed at least once a once, however more often would be better.

6. Get up for tahajud (night prayer) to recite a set portion of the Quraan and
to maintain this sunnah. If he misses reciting his portion of the Quraan in
the night then he should make it up between sunrise and noon.

7. Maintain revising what has been memorized and be careful not to forget it.

8. Keep his stomach free from haraam food, his tongue from idle chat, his
hands from dealing with haraam and his legs from striving towards haraam.

1.8 Pillars of Recitation

There are three pillars that must be fulfilled for the recitation to be correct
and accepted. If the reciter falls short of one of these pillars then his
recitation will be odd and rejected. So if someone says they have a Quraan,
their script must fulfil the following pillars:

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Pillar One: The Quraan read must be in Arabic, since the Quraan has been
revealed in Arabic. Every word in the Quraan is an Arabic word, there
are no non Arabic words in it.

Pillar Two: The Quraan script must agree with what was in the Othmaan
script, which is the script that has been written during the time of
Othman Bin Affan.

Pillar Three: The Quraan that one reads must have reached us though the well
known correct line of narration. That is it must have reached us
through many reciters, and a well known chain of narrators. Many
scholars have considered some recitations as odd because it reached
them through incorrect chain of narrators (even though it was in
classical Arabic and in agreement with the Othman script).

1.9 The Hafs An Assim Chain of narration

This is the chain through which this Quraanic recitation has reached us. Assim
Ibn Abi An-Njood was the leading reciter in the mosque of Abi Abdur Rahman
As-Sulamee in the Al-Kufah city in Iraq. Then he became the Imam of that
mosque and the leader in recitation. The people learnt the recitation from him.
He used to recite the Quraan just like his predecessors did, not differing from
them. He was very eloquent in Arabic, accurate in his recitation and tajweed
rules. His voice was amongst the best in recitation.

As for Hafs, he is Ibn Sulaiman Ibn Al-Mugheerah Al-Asadee Al-Ghadhree. He

learnt the Qurn from the Assim. He recited the Quraan in front of Assim and
listened to his recitation.

1.10 Levels of Reading Quraan

There are three speeds (levels) of reading the Quraan:
At-tahqeeq – It is reading the Quraan slowly, perfectly with sincerity, while
contemplating over the meanings, fulfilling the full rights of the
letters without falling short or exceeding their limits. It is giving
each letter its rights as to characteristics, articulation points,
lengthening the letters of medd when lengthening is due and
shortening when shortening is due. It is also to recite the heavy
letters heavy and the light letters light. This is the best level of
reading. At-tahqeeq comes from the meaning “I have achieved
this thing” – ie I have known it and perfected it. This is the
learners level.

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At-Tarteel – This is the same speed of reading Quraan as at-tahqeeq level

except that it for those who have perfected their recitation.
This is the teachers level. Some scholars have considered at-
tarteel as a separate level while others put it under at-tahqeeq
level.

Al-Hadr – It is a swift method of reading the Quraan, taking care of the

tajweed rules. The reader must be careful not to shorten the
ghunnah or the medd letters, and not to fall short in the correct
way of pronouncing the vowels. Al-hadr comes from the meaning
of falling from the top to the bottom.

At-Tadweer – It is reading at an intermediate level between at-tahqeeq and al-

hadr whilst maintaining the rules of tajweed.

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2 Al-Lahin

2.1 Definition
Applied definition: It is the mistake and deviation from the correct way
of reading.

2.2 Types of Al-Lahin

There are two types of mistakes that can be made when reading the
Quraan:

2.3 Al-Lahin Al-Khafee (Hidden mistakes)

They are mistakes that the reader makes in the rules of tajweed. Such
mistakes do not change the meaning of the words, however, one will be
hold accountable if they miss out a rule knowingly. Such mistakes will only
be picked up by those who have learned tajweed.

There are two grades to such mistakes:

Grade 1 : obvious tajweed mistakes that would be known to those
knowledgeable in reading the Quraan with tajweed such as missing out
the idgham rule or leaving the ghunnah or medd .

Grade 2 : Detailed mistakes that would only be known to those skilled

in reading the Quraan. Such as not pronouncing the ghunnah or
tafkheem long enough or unwanted repetition of the letter ( ‫) ر‬. Also
falls into this category not pronouncing the dhammah correctly (in
that the lips are not circled). This is especially obvious in the
following words: ( ‫ قُل‬، ‫كم‬ ُ ‫ َعلَ ْي‬، ‫ ) أ َ ْنت ُم‬. Also not pronouncing the
kasrah correctly, and this especially obvious in the following words: (
ِ ، ‫َعلَ ْي ِه ِِم‬
‫ب ِِ ِِ ِه‬ ).

2.4 Islamic Ruling on Al-Lahin Al-Khafee

It is disliked and some say it is forbidden because the Quraan is not
being read how it should be. However, it ruling can be divided into two
grades:

1. Haraam (forbidden) if an obvious rule is not applied.

2. Makrooh (disliked) if a detailed rule is not applied.

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2.5 Al-Lahin Al-Jelli (Obvious Mistakes)
It is a mistake that one makes when pronouncing a word. This type of
mistake effects the accuracy of the reading, even if the mistake does
not change the meaning of the word. It is therefore haraam (forbidden)
to make such a mistake, and the reader will be sinful. The following are
examples of al-lahin al-jelli :

Pronouncing a letter incorrectly – such as pronouncing

the ‫ ط‬as ‫ ت‬. E.g.: ( ُ ِِ ِِ ‫ب‬
‫طوا‬ ِ ‫) اِ ْه‬ or the ‫ ء‬as ‫ ع‬such as (
‫ ) ءا َمنُوا‬.
َ ‫قَا‬
Pronouncing a vowel incorrectly – such as reading ( ‫ل‬
َ َ ‫ظ ُر أ‬
َ ‫صدَ ْق‬
‫ت‬ ُ ‫سنَ ْن‬
َ ) as ( ُ ‫سنَ ْن‬
‫ظ ْر‬ َ ) or ( َ ‫أ َ ْن َع ْم‬
‫ت‬ ) as ( ُ‫) أ َ ْن َع َمت‬
.

Extending the pronunciation of a vowel so that a medd

letter pronounced instead of the vowel – such as
reading ( ‫قُل‬ ) as ( ‫قُول‬ ) or ( ‫َر ِب ِك‬ ) as ( ‫) را ِب ِك‬ .

Shortening the pronunciation of a medd letter so that

it is read as a vowel– such as reading ( ‫الذي هُ ْم ِفي ِه‬
َ‫ ) ُم ْخت َ ِلفُون‬as ( َ‫ال ِذ هُ ْم ِفي ِه ُم ْخت َ ِلفُون‬ ) or ( َ‫علَ ُمون‬ َ ‫َكل‬
ْ ‫س َي‬
) as ( َ‫علَ ُمون‬ َ ‫ ) َكل‬.
ْ َ‫سي‬

Not reading the letter with a ( ّ shaddah) long

enough – such as reading ( ُ ‫اك نَ ْعبُد‬
َ ‫) ِإي‬ as ( ‫إ َياك‬ ) or (
‫س ِبّ ْح اِ ْس َم َر ِبّ َك‬
َ ) as ( ‫س ِب ْح اِ ْس َم َر ِبّ َك‬ َ ).

Reading the letter with a ( ّ shaddah) when there is

no shaddah – such as reading ( ‫الجبَا ُل َكال ِع ْه ِن‬
ِ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫َوت َ ُك‬
‫وش‬ ِ ُ‫ ) ْال َم ْنف‬as ( ‫وش‬ ِ ُ‫الج َبا ُل َكال ِع ْه ِن ْال َم ْنف‬
ِ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫ ) َوت َ ّك‬or ( ‫ال‬
‫ ) ت َ ْس َم ُع ِف ْي َها الَ ِغ ْية‬as (‫ي ِْْة‬ ّ ‫ ) ال ت َ ْس َم ُع ِف ْي َها الَ ِغ‬.

Al-lahin Page 9
 Missing the pronouncing of a letter or a word or
adding an extra letter or a word – such as reading (
ِ ‫ط َع ِام ْال ِم ْس ِك‬
‫ين‬ َ ‫ ) والَ يَ ُحض َعلَى‬as ( ‫ط َع ِام‬ َ ‫الَ يَ ُحض َعلَى‬
ِ ‫ ) ْال ِم ْس ِك‬or ( ‫ ) ِإن ِل ْل ُمت َ ِقينَ َمفَازَ ا‬as ( ‫ ) َو ِإن ِل ْل ُمت َ ِقينَ َم َفازَ ا‬.
‫ين‬

Not pronouncing the ‫ ال‬in the moon letters – such as

not pronouncing ‫ ال‬in ( ُ‫ْال َجنة‬ ) or ( ‫ْال َج َم ُل‬ ).

Al-lahin Page 10
3 Al-Isti’atha

33..11 A
All--IIssttii’’aatthhaa

Linguistically : It means seeking refuge and protection.

Applied Definition: It means seeking refuge and protection with Allah from
shaitaan when intending to read the Quran.

3.2 How to Say Al-Isti’atha

The way to say Al-Isti’atha as chosen by the ten Quran recitors is:

( ‫ان الر ِج ِيم‬

ِ ‫ط‬ ُ َ‫أ‬
ّ ‫عوذُ ِب‬
َ ‫اّللِ ِمنَ الش ْي‬ ) and it is taken from the
Quran:

‫ان الر ِج ِيم‬

ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫اّللِ ِمنَ الش ْي‬ َ ْ‫فَإِذَا قَ َرأ‬
ّ ‫ت ْالقُ ْرآنَ فَا ْستَ ِع ْذ ِب‬
] 89: ‫ل‬ ُ ‫[ النح‬
“When thou dost read the Qur’an, seek Allah’s protection from Satan
the rejected one” [Suratul Nahl: 96].

This was how the prophet used to say al-isti’atha , hence it is the best
chosen way of saying it.

There are however other ways of saying al-isti’atha as was reported by

other Quran recitors. Some well known methods:

) ‫العَ ِليم‬ َ ‫ان الر ِجيم إن هللا ُهو ال‬

‫سمي ُع‬ ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫اّللِ ِمنَ الش ْي‬
ّ ‫ِب‬ ُ َ‫) أ‬
ُ‫عوذ‬
) ‫ان الر ِجيم‬ ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫سمي ُع العَ ِليم ِمنَ الش ْي‬
َ ‫اّللِ ال‬
ّ ‫ِب‬ ُ‫عوذ‬ُ َ‫) أ‬
) ‫ان الر ِجيم‬ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫اّللِ العَ ِظيم ِمنَ الش ْي‬ّ ‫ِب‬ ُ‫عوذ‬ ُ َ‫) أ‬
) ‫ان الر ِجيم‬ِ ‫ط‬َ ‫سمي ُع العَ ِليم ِمنَ الش ْي‬َ ‫اّللِ العَ ِظيم ال‬ّ ‫ِب‬ ُ‫عوذ‬ ُ َ‫) أ‬
3.3 The Ruling Regarding Al-Isti’atha

Al-isti’atha Page 11
There is consensus amongst the scholars that al-isti’atha is not part of the
Quran but it is required when wanting to recite Quran as mentioned in
Suratul Nahl. However, the scholars differed in regards to it being
obligatory or recommended.

First Opinion: recommended

Most of the scholars and recitors are of the opinion that the ayah in suratul
Nahl recommends saying al-isti’atha and this is the preferred opinion. Also
the prophet sometimes did not say al-isti’atha.

Second Opinion: obligatory

This is the opinion of Ataa and Ath-Thawree and others. Their evidence is
that seeking refuge was mentioned in the form of an order which makes it an
obligation to say al-isti’atha. Also because the prophet was consistent in
saying it, and because it protects the reader from shaitan which is an
obligation.

3.4 When To Say Al-isti’atha

al-isti’atha should be said before starting to read Quran, i.e. when intending
to read. This is because reading Quran is one of the greatest forms of
worship and shaitan would try its best efforts to stop the reader. Also,
Allah has ordered the recitor to repel shaitan while He is listening to His
servant calling onto Him through His words.

There are however, other times when al-isti’atha should be said to be

protected from shaitan, other than when intending to read Quran.

It is the opinion of most of the scholars that al-isti’atha should be said

before reciting Quran. This was the sunnah of the prophet. Also, the
meaning of al-isti’atha indicates that it should be said before beginning to
read because:

 it purifies the tongue from idle chat and foul talk;

 It gets the tongue ready to read Allah’s words;
 It is a protection with Allaah from any mistakes that could be made
during recitation;

Al-isti’atha Page 12
  It is a way of the servant admitting his weakness in front of this
internal enemy and that he cannot protect himself from it, and only
Allaah can protect him from it.

3.5 When To Say Al-isti’atha Out Loud

It is recommended to say al-isti’atha out loud in the following situations:

1) If the recitor is about to read out loud

and others are present who will hear his Benefits of Saying
recitation. This is because saying al- Al-isti’atha Out
isti’atha out loud is a sign that recitation
Loud
of the Quran is about to begin which is a
 An indication that
call to listen. If the recitor says al-
recitation is due to
isti’atha silently those present would have
commence;
missed some of what was recited by the
 The readers heart is
time they paid attention. However during
readed for contemplation;
the prayer al-isti’atha should be said
 To bring the attention of
silently because the followers are in a
those present;
state of listening from the beginning of
 To push away shaitan and
the prayer.
his whispering and bad
thoughts.
2) If the reading is done by turn (as in a
classroom situation), the first reader says
al-isti’atha out loud and the others do it
silently.

3.6 When To Say Al-isti’atha Silently

It is recommended to say Al-isti’atha silently when:

1) The reader is reading silently;

2) The reader is alone whether he is reading silently or out loud;
3) If the reading is done by turn (as in a classroom situation), and the
reader is not the first one to read.
4) The reader is praying whether in the silent or out loud prayer and
whether he is the imam or the one being lead.

Al-isti’atha Page 13
3.7 Repeating Al-isti’atha
If the reader for some reason has to stop reading then wanted to resume
reading should he repeat saying al-isti’atha? If the reader had to stop
reading then they should do one of three things:

1) If the reader 2) If the reader

had to stop had to stop
reading due to reading due to a
other matters necessity such as
concerning the coughing or
Quran such as There will sneezing or
looking up the be no need forgetfulness…….
meaning of a word to repeat (Providing that
or verse or having saying al- the pause is not
to do the isti’atha. left too long
prostration of before resuming
tilawah or to be reading
corrected or to otherwise one
clarify a ruling should repeat al-
…….. isti’atha).

3) If the reader had to stop reading due to other matters outside the
Quran such as saying salam or speaking with others then al-isti’atha
should be repeated.

3.8 Ways of Seeking Refuge When Starting Recitation

With The Beginning Of A Surah Or At Any Later
Place

The reader can say al-isti’atha at the beginning of the surah or at any later
place.

Al-isti’atha Page 14
 3.8.1 Ways of Saying Al-isti’atha At The Beginning of the
Surah

‫ قطعُ الجميع‬Cutting all three off from each other.

Meaning seeking refuge, stopping, saying the basmalah,
stopping, then starting the surah.

‫ص ُل‬
ْ ‫و‬ ُّ ‫ق ْط ُع األو ُل‬
‫الجميع‬ ‫ص ُل الثاني‬ ْ ‫وو‬
All the recitors have
Joining all
a consensuses that
‫ بالثالث‬Joining
three with the Basmalah with
there are four ways
each other. the beginning of
of saying Al-isti’atha
Seeking the Surah
if one started the
refuge, saying This means seeking
recitation at the
the basmalah, refuge, then
beginning of the
and starting the stopping, then saying
Surah, except Surah
surah all in one the basmalah and
Tauba (also known as
breath without the beginning of the
Bara’a):
stopping. surah in one breath.

‫ص ُل األو ُل ُّ بالثاني و ق ْط ُع الثالث‬

ْ ‫و‬ Joining seeking refuge with
the Basmalah
This means the seeking refuge and the basmalah are joined with one
breath, then the reader stops then starts the surah.

Al-isti’atha Page 15
3.8.2 Ways of Saying ِAl-isti’atha
ِ At A Later Place After
the Beginning

If the recitor started reading at any place other than the beginning, even if
it is one word after the beginning, the reader has a choice either to say the
basmalah or to leave it out, though saying is better. If the reader chose to
say the basmalah then he has to follow the four ways of saying al-isti’atha as
detailed above.

If the reader chose not to say the basmalah then he has two choices:

1) Joining seeking refuge with the first verse to be read in one breath; OR

2) Seeking refuge, stopping, then reading the first verse to be read.

As for surah At-Taubah , if the reader started at any place other than at
the beginning, then they have the choice to either say the basmalah or not.

NOTE ONE:
If the first verse that is to start reading from begins with the name or one
of the attributes of Allaah or with a preposition referring to Him, such as
the following verses:

] 752 : ‫[ البقرة‬ ْ‫ّللاُ ول ُّي الذين آمنُوا‬

“ Allah is the Protector of those who have faith:” [Surah Al-Baqarah:
257]

] 5 : ‫[ طه‬ ْ ‫الر ْحم ُن على ا ْلع ْرش ا‬

‫ستوى‬
“ (Allah) Most Gracious is firmly established on the throne (of
authority). ” [Surah Taha: 5]

] 72 : ‫[ فصلت‬ ‫إل ْيه يُر ُّد ع ْل ُم الساعة‬

Al-isti’atha Page 16
“ To Him is referred the Knowledge of the Hour (of Judgment: He
knows all): “ [Surah Fussilat: 47]

Then the reader has two choices:

1) Seeking refuge, stopping, then reading the verse because seeking refuge
and starting to read with such a verse gives an ugly joining and corrupts
the meaning;

2) Seeking refuge and then saying the basmalah .

NOTE TWO:
If the first verse that is to be read from begins with the name of shaitan
or with a preposition referring to him, such as the following verses:

] 268 : ‫[ البقرة‬ ‫ان يع ُد ُك ُم ا ْلف ْقر‬

ُ ‫الش ْيط‬
“ The Evil one threatens you with poverty ” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 268]

] 119 : ‫[ النساء‬ ‫ل ْعنةُ ّللا‬

“ Allah did curse him ” [Surah An-Nisa : 118]

Then its is preferred for the reader not to say the basmalah or saying the
basmalah, stopping, then reading the verse.

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4 Al-Basmalah

4.1 Definition
Al-basmalah means saying ( ‫ّللاِ الر ْحمـ َ ِن الر ِح ِيم‬
ّ ‫ِب ْس ِم‬ ).

4.2 Is Al-Basmalah A Verse Of The Quraan?

 The scholars have the consensus that al-basmalah is part of a verse in
the following:

] 03 : ‫[ النمل‬ ‫سلَ ْي َمانَ َو ِإنهُ ِب ْس ِم ّللاِ الر ْح َم ِن الر ِح ِيم‬

ُ ‫ِإنهُ ِم ْن‬
"It is from Solomon, and is (as follows): ‘In the name of Allah,
Most Gracious, Most Merciful: ” [Suratun Naml: 30].

 However, the scholars have differed to whether it is the first verse

of suratul Fatiha or not. The scholars of Kufa and Mecca count al-
basmalah as a verse of suratul Fatiha and so they count :

‫علَي ِه ْم‬ َ ‫ط الذِينَ أَ ْنعَ ْم‬

َ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ص َرا‬
ِ as part of the seventh
verse.

As for the scholars from Basra, Madina and Bilad Ash-sham (Syria,
Jordan, Palestine), they do not count al-basmalah as a verse of Suratul
Fatiha and so they count:

‫علَي ِه ْم‬ َ ‫ط الذِينَ أَ ْنعَ ْم‬

َ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ص َرا‬
ِ As the sixth verse.

As for those who follow the narration of Hafs An Asim , they follow
the scholars of Kufa and Mecca and therefore consider al-basmalah
the first verse of suratul Fatiha .

 As for the four schools of thought:

Hanafee And Hanbelee Schools of thought: They do not count al-
basmalah as a verse of suratul Fatiha nor of every surah. Rather they

Al-basmalah Page 11
 consider it as one verse that been sent down to separate the surahs
of the Quraan and was mentioned in the beginning of suratul Fatiha.
Their evidence is the hadeeth which says:

Muslim reports from Abu Hurayrah (radiya allahu anhu) who said that
the Messenger of Allaah ( ‫سلّ َم‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ ّ ‫صلّى‬
َ ُ‫ّللا‬ َ ) said,

Allaah, the Glorious and Exalted said, “I have divided the prayer
between Myself and my servant equally and My servant shall be
granted what he asked for.” Therefore when the servant says, ‘all
praises and thanks are due to Allaah, the Lord of the universe’,
Allaah says, ‘My servant has praised Me.’ When he says, ‘the Most
Beneficent, the Most Merciful,’ Allaah says, ‘My servant has extolled
Me.’ When he says, ‘Master of the Day of Judgment,’ Allaah says,
‘My servant has glorified Me.’ When he says, ‘You Alone we worship
and Your aid Alone do we seek for help,’ Allaah says, ‘this is
between Me and My servant and My servant shall have what he
requested.’ When he says, ‘guide us to the Straight Path, the Path
of those whom You have favoured, not of those who have incurred
[Your] wrath, neither of those who have gone astray,’ Allaah says,
‘this is for My servant and My servant shall have what he asked for.’
[Saheeh Muslim [Eng. Trans. 1/215 no. 775]]

They say that if al-basmalah the first verse of suratul Fatiha the
hadeeth would have started suratul Fatiha with it. Also the salef
(predecessors) have agreed that suratul Kauther is made up of three
verses. That is three verses without al-basmalah. Hence al-basmalah is
not a verse of every surah.

Shafee School of thought: al-basmalah is a complete verse of suratul

Fatiha and of every surah . Another narration for Shafee and Ahmad
schools of thought is that al-basmalah is a verse of suratul Fatiha
only.

However, all schools of thought agree that whoever does not consider al-
basmalah as the first verse of every surah is not a disbeliever, due to the
differences mentioned above.

Al-basmalah Page 12
4.3 The Ruling Regarding Al-basmalah When Reading
From the Beginning Of A Surah
All the scholars of recitation agree that those professional reciters should
start a surah with al-basmalah because they have learnt the Quraan from
their teachers through narration. So they should read as they have been
taught (i.e. with al-basmalah). But al-basmalah should be left out when
reading surat At-Taubah from the beginning.

4.4 The Ruling Regarding Al-basmalah When Reading

From Any Place Other Than The Beginning Of A
Surah
“From any place other than the beginning of surah” means not from the first
word of the first verse, but from the second word of the first word
onwards. Here the reciter has choice s to whether to start with al-basmalah
or not, though starting with it is preferred because of its merits and the
reward one would get. The same applies to surat At-Taubah , though some
scholars are of the opinion that al-basmalah should not be said even when
starting to read surat At-Taubah any place other than the beginning.

4.5 The Ruling Regarding Al-Basmalah Between Two

Surahs
“Between two surahs” means finishing the recitation of one surah and
continuing to read the next surah.

Al-basmalah Page 13
 ‫ق ْط ُع الجميع‬ ‫ص ُل الجميع‬
ْ ‫و‬
Cutting all three off Joining All Three
Here the reader has
from each other. With Each Other.
a choice of 3 ways
Meaning stopping at Ending the last surah,
with al-basmalah :
the last surah, then Saying al-basmalah
saying al-basmalah and starting the next
then stopping, then surah all in one breath
starting the surah. without stopping.

‫ص ُل الثاني بالثالث‬
ْ ‫ قط ُع األو ُل ُّ وو‬Joining the Basmalah with the
begning of the Surah
Ending the last surah, stopping, then saying the al-basmalah and the
beginning of the surah in one breath.

NOTE:
 The reader cannot finishing reading the last surah and then read al-
basmalahin one breath, then stop and then start the next surah.
This is because al-basmalahis said at the beginning of the surah and
not at the end.
 The above mentioned 3 ways are permissible for ending the
recitation of one surah and beginning another, whether the two
surahs are consequent such as surat Al-Imran followed by Surat An-
Nisa, or not consequent such as Surat Al-Fatiha and then reading
surat Yasin.
 If the two surahs being read are not in order such as reading Surat
Al-Mulk and then Surah Yasin , then only two ways are allowed:

Al-basmalah Page 14
 Cutting all three off each other and joining al-basmalahwith the
beginning of the next surah.
 As for Surat At-Taubh, the following applies:

 If the the surah that has been read is before surat At-Taubah
then the reader wants to read Surat At-Taubh, one of the
following ways should be adopted:

First Way: To stop t the end of the last surah before

Surat At-Taubh, then take a breath with the intention of
continuing the recitation. Then strating with Surat At-Taubh.
It is also possible to stop with one of the following methods
where applicable: as-sukoon al-mahidh, ar-rawm or ishmaam (all
will be studied later on so don’t worry about what they are now).

Second Way: As-Sakit : Stop at the end of the last surah for
a few seconds without taking a breath, then start Surat At-
Taubh. It is also possible to stop with one of the following
methods where applicable: as-sukoon al-mahidh, ar-rawm or
ishmaam (all will be studied later on so don’t worry about what
they are now).

Third Way: Joining the previous surah with Surat At-Taubh,

without a pause and applying the iglb rule between the end of
the last surah and the beginning of Surat At-Taubh.

 If the the surah that has been read is after surat At-Taubah
(according to the order of the surahs in the Quraan) then the
reader wants to read Surat At-Taubh, one way applies here. To
finish the last surah, then stopping, then start reading Surat
At-Taubh, without saying al-basmalah. It is not permissible to
join the two surahs no is it to apply the second way mentioned
above (as-sakit). If the reader wanted to read Surat At-Taubh,
a number of times then he should not join it with its beginning
nor should he apply as-sakit.

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Al-basmalah Page 16