Senior High School

Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 3.4
The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
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i
 Senior High School

Introduction
to the Philosophy
of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 3.4
The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Self-

Learning Module on The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Self-

Learning Module on The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

ii
This module has the following parts:

Activity : This will bring understanding to what you already know

and experience to what you should learn further.

Analysis : In this phase, you will process and classify what is valid
and not for a more in-depth understanding.

Abstraction : This part leads you in reinforcing what you know and
should know more. Exercises are presented for
independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

Application : This stage brings you to a more practical way that you are
going to use what you have learned and think new ways
on how it can be improved further.

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 CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Page
Content Standard 1
Performance Standard 1
Learning Competency 1
Learning Objectives 1

LEARNING TASKS

Day Learning Task

5 Review of the Previous Module 1-9
Presentation of the New Module
Activity
Analysis
Abstraction
Application
Post-Test
Answer Key
References 10-11

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 Lesson 3: The Human Person
as an Embodied Spirit
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner understands the human person as an embodied spirit

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner distinguishes his/her own limitations and the possibilities for his/her
transcendence

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence
(PPT11/12-Ii-3.4)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence.

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

In the previous lesson, we have learned that Essential Hinduism is based on

the belief in karma and has its first literary expression in Upanishads. Everything in
this life is a consequence of actions performed in previous existence. For the Jains,
there is nothing mightier in the world than karma; karma tramples down all powers.

We have also learned that Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely
free from all forms of bondage and attachment. It means to overcome and remove the
cause of suffering. It is also who is unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a
human being in existence.

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

After understanding the precepts of Hinduism and Buddhism, let us distinguish

the limits and possibilities of human beings common to all Indian thought.

In this lesson, we will learn that Indian thought recognizes the complimentary
thought of all systems of belief. That Hinduism is neither rooted in any single doctrine,
nor does it claim a monopoly on truth or wisdom.

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ACTIVITY

SINGING BEE.

Listen to the song entitled True Colors by Anna Kendrick and Justin Timberlake.
Write your thoughts about the song in 2-3 paragraphs in your notebook.

ANALYSIS

1. How does the human body impose limitations or possibilities of

transcendence?

Note that over his own Body and mind, the individual is sovereign. - JOHN STUART
MILL (1806– 1873)

ABSTRACTION

RECOGNIZE THE HUMAN BODY IMPOSES LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR

DISTINGUISH THE LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE

A. It is the spiritual that endures and is ultimately real.

B. There is the preoccupation with inner life, the road to enlightenment that
stretches not outward but inward.
C. There is an emphasis on the non-material oneness of creation.
D. There is the acceptance of direct awareness as the only way to understand
what is real.
E. There is a healthy respect for tradition but never a slavish commitment to it.

Evil and Suffering

Suffering is close to the heart of biblical faith. In comparison with the Buddha,
who saw life in suffering and tried to control it instead of cursing it, Job, of the Old
Testament, did not just complain.

In, Christianity, suffering leads to the Cross, the symbol of reality of God's
saving love for the human being. Suffering, in Buddhism, gives rise to comparison for
suffering humanity.

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BUDDHISM: FROM TEARS TO ENLIGHTENMENT

"Like stars fading and vanishing at dawn, Like bubbles on a fast moving stream,
Like morning dewdrops evaporating on blades of grass, like candle flickering in a
stormy wind, echoes, mirages, and phantoms hallucinations and like a dream." - The
Buddha

Buddhism is a major Eastern tradition, contained in the teachings of its founder,

Siddharta Gautama or The Buddha. The teaching of Buddha has been set forth
traditionally in the "Four Noble Truths" leading to the "Eightfold Path" to perfect
character or arhatship, which in turn gave assurance of entrance into Nirvana
(enlightened wisdom) at death.

Buddha set about sharing his discovery with anyone who would listen to him:
Four Noble Truths leading to the Eightfold Path to perfect character of arhatship
Gautama taught:

"FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS"

1. Life is full of suffering

2. Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, and cravings
3. Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease
4. Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the
Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor.

"EIGHTFOLD PATH"

1. Right belief and acceptance of the "Fourfold Truth"

2. Right aspiration for one's self and for others
3. Right speech that harms no one
5. Right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings
6. Right means of livelihood or earning one's living by honorable means
7. Right endeavor, or effort to direct one's energies toward wise ends
8. Right mindfulness in choosing topics for thought
9. Right medication, or concentration to the point of complete absorption in
mystic ecstasy.

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 Figure 2. God of Buddhism

C. CHRISTIANITY

Is the religion based upon the teachings and miracles of Jesus where there is
only one God? Suffering leads to the Cross, the symbol of reality of God's saving love
for the human being and Evil is being disobedient, contradicting the nature of God and
distancing God.

For Augustine (354-430 CE), philosophy is amor sapiential, the love of wisdom;
its aim is to produce happiness. Wisdom is not just an abstract logical construction;
but it is substantially existent as the Divine Logos. Hence, Philosophy is the love of
God; it is then religious. Teachings of Christianity are based on love of God. For
Augustine's Christianity, the revelation of the true God is the only full and true
philosophy. All Knowledge leads to God, so that faith supplements and enlightens
reason that it may proceed to ever richer and fuller understanding.

St. Thomas of Aquinas, another medieval philosopher, of all creatures, human

beings have the unique power to change themselves and the things for the better. His
philosophy is best grasped in his treatises Summa Contra Gentiles and Summa
Theological. Consider humans as moral agents, the spiritual and material and that
choosing between 'good' and 'evil' is our responsibility.

Figure 3. God of Christianity

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APPLICATION

Answer the following questions after you have written your resume/ bio- data. Imagine
that you are about to apply for a job. Write your resume or bio-data in your notebook.

1. How can you personally go beyond what your resume/ bio-data are saying?
2. Can a bio-data present the whole of your humanity? Is it enough? Why or why
not?

POST-TEST

Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the correct
answer.

_____1. Who is the philosopher believed that the human spirit/soul is composed of:
logos, thymos and Eros?
A. Aristotle
B. Avicenna
C. Plato
D. Socrates

_____2. What do you call the capacity to choose a course of action from various
alternatives?
A. Choice
B. Free Will
C. Being indecisive
D. Decision-Making

_____3. This refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including
his/her thoughts, emotions, identity and actions.
A. Conscience
B. Morality
C. Rationality
D. Self-Awareness

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_____4. What is the highest level of existence according to St. Augustine?
A. God
B. Pope
C. Eternal truth
D. Rational being

_____5. What do you call the limits that allow us to surpass?

A. Freedom
B. Love
C. Transcendence
D. Truth

_____6. What is the most important primary value in Hinduism?

A. Duty
B. Enlightenment
C. Goodness
D. Love

_____7. Who is the philosopher believed that for there to be a body, there must first
be a soul. But souls can exist without the body?
A. Aristotle
B. Buddha
C. St. Augustine
D. St. Thomas Aquinas

_____8. Who is the founder of Phenomenology?

A. Edmund Husserl
B. Gabriel Marcel
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Jean-Paul Sarte

_____9. In Buddhism, what is the state of being free from all forms of bondage and
attachments?
A. Jiva
B. Moksha
C. Naraka
D. Nirvana

_____10. What is in our human nature that enables us to become persons?

A. Dignity
B. Externality
C. Spirit
D. Self-Awareness

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_____11. How are the body and spirit related?
A. Embodiment
B. Enactivism
C. Moksha
D. Transcendence

_____12. Which of the following does not display self-awareness?

A. Jason is aware of his surroundings; she is careful at all times.
B. Amy is aware of herself; she is aware of her own thoughts, feelings
and actions.
C. Bryan loves to be creative; he loves to daydream and get lost in his
thoughts.
D. Ely is aware of herself; she pays no attention to the lovely couple
smiling at her down the street.

_____13. The Subsistence of the soul is undermined by the following objections

except one.
A. Existence is attributed to body and soul and not to the soul alone.
B. The soul is attributed by existence and not the body.
C. The body which subsists operates yet the soul does not.
D. Subsistent entities operate apart from the body, while the soul,
apparently, does not operate apart from the body.

_____14. This refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including
his/her thoughts, emotions, identity and actions.
A. Conscience
B. Morality
C. Rationality
D. Self-Awareness

_____15. If your teacher asks you to stand up, and you do, then who made you stand
up?
A. God made me do it.
B. The teacher, she instructed me to do so.
C. Myself, my free will enables us to do actions of our own will.
D. Both me and the teacher, I believe that both are the reasons to why
I stood up.

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ANSWER KEY

Lesson 3: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

Pre-Test Post-Test

1. C 1. C
2. C 2. B
3. A 3. D
4. D 4. D
5. C 5. C
6. D 6. B
7. D 7. D
8. B 8. A
9. C 9. D
10. D 10. C
11. A 11. A
12. D 12. D
13. C 13. B
14. D 14. D
15. C 15. C

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ACTIVITY

Listen to the song entitled True Colors by Anna Kendrick and Justin Timberlake. Write
your thoughts about the song in 2-3 paragraphs in your notebook.

The song pertains to a person’s true identity. Living in this world with so many people,
different races, different choices it is so hard to take courage and sometimes you will
be discouraged and feel ashamed of what you are and what you have. The song
reminds us to take courage and be optimistic because we have our own family that
will accept us and love us for who we are.
We should not pretend just to please other people because a true friend will remain
and stay if they love us and they know the character traits we have. They will love us
unconditionally so we should not be afraid to show the real us what is in us because
that is the reason why our parents and loved ones loved us whatever we had and
made.

The song is very timely for us students nowadays because lot of students tend to
commit suicide for they do not know the worth they have. They might think they are
useless and pitiful and they wanted to seek attention from their parents and friends.
We must share and open to others without pretending, share our thoughts to our
friends and even family because they are just one call away. The song taught us to be
confident enough in facing the real world by showing the read us.

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REFERENCES

● Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD. “Introduction to the Philosophy of the

Human Person” First edition.

● https://www.philosophersmag.com/essays/26-the-fact-opinion-distinction

● https://www.slideshare.net/ArnelLPU/lecture-23637231?from_action=save

● https://www.google.com/search?q=socrates&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjh1dj2l
pzqAhUIHKYKHWukC5wQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=socrates&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCA
AyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgQIABBDO
gUIABCxA1Db8jdY0_s3YPSAOGgAcAB4AIABiAKIAeEMkgEFMC40LjSYAQ
CgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=yC70XuHRC4i4mAXryK7gC
Q&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=WzckpT8kVBYVoM

● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendence_(philosophy)

● https://www.google.com/search?q=quarrying&sxsrf=ALeKk009eIbqgfgwn3YK
hC0Lf6w0oK1FCA:1593142915415&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ah
UKEwivzbLsx57qAhVoxYsBHUQEB0UQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1366&bih
=657#imgrc=nBE9nzmqLJa1sM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=cutting+old+trees&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wiC68btx57qAhUJ6ZQKHZHuDtwQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=cutting+old+trees&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQEzIICAA
QCBAeEBMyCAgAEAgQHhATOgQIIxAnOgQIABBDOgUIABCxAzoCCAA6B
AgAEB46BggAEB4QEzoICAAQBRAeEBNQ2ewVWLqHFmDUiBZoAHAAeA
CAAfABiAGcFpIBBjAuMTMuM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=i
mg&ei=hW71XsKUM4nS0wSR3bvgDQ&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=8JYkLQT
HCtPbrM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=factories&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjVvv2a
yZ7qAhUMfZQKHVvKBxkQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=facto&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgIIADICCAA
yAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgQIIxAnOgUIABCxA1Dkw
ghYm8gIYPzWCGgAcAB4AIAB7gGIAbUHkgEFMC4zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd
3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=8W_1XpWCIYz60QTblJ_IAQ&bih=657&biw
=1366#imgrc=qwh44iFxJwjUkM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=god+of+hinduism&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wiEmNG-xqHqAhWvw4sBHYAeBwwQ2-

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 cCegQIABAA&oq=god+of+hinduism&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIICAA
QBxAeEBMyCAgAEAcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAE
AcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAEAcQHhATMggIABAH
EB4QEzoCCAA6BAgAEB46BggAEAcQHjoECAAQE1CYgQJYjLICYLfGAmg
DcAB4AIABzAKIAYERkgEHMC43LjMuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n
&sclient=img&ei=vv_2XoTBDa-
Hr7wPgL2cYA&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=Y1MRtRW86K-O9M

● https://www.google.com/search?q=urabnization&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjWr
ezfyZ7qAhXwzIsBHQkrACIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=urabnization&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoFCAAQs
QM6AggAOgQIABBDOgQIABATUMypDlix2Q5gwdsOaABwAHgAgAHsAYgBj
hCSAQYwLjEwLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=gXD1
XpbpOvCZr7wPidaAkAI&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=ZwhSg22MzBiVHM

● https://www.academia.edu/37052521/INTRODUCTION_TO_THE_PHILOSOP
HY_OF_THE_HUMAN_PERSON_Grade_11_or_12_INTRODUCTION_TO_T
HE_PHILOSOPHY_OF_THE_HUMAN_PERSON

● https://www.academia.edu/34558380/The_Human_Person_As_An_Embodied
_Spirit

● https://www.google.com/search?q=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+AS+AN+EMBO
DIED+SPIRIT+wallpaper&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwii4ci0sZTqAhVxxYsBHbb
yCXoQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+AS+AN+EMBODIED+SPIRIT+w
allpaper&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlDUixZY-
6cWYNatFmgBcAB4AIAB7QGIAZgPkgEFMC44LjOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd
2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=zxjwXuK9FvGKr7wPtuWn0Ac&bih=657&biw=136
6#imgrc=TxNVUe-BU9anFM

● https://www.google.com/search?q=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+IN+THEIR+ENV
IRONMENT+WALLPAPER&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjtka6GtpTqAhXHzIsBH
RAvD6UQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=THE+HUMAN+PERSON+IN+THEIR+ENVIRONMENT+W
ALLPAPER&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQHlDEHVi6QmCuRGgEcAB4AYA
BtQKIAdwVkgEIMS4xMC4zLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=i
mg&ei=rB3wXu2LJ8eZr7wPkN68qAo&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=5c53cdOvo
NjgyM

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: [email protected]

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