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Paper 3

The document summarizes an experiment comparing the structure of plant and animal cells. Onion epidermal cells and human cheek cells were observed under a microscope after staining. Both cell types had a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, but plant cells had a regular shape due to their cell wall while animal cells were irregular. The conclusion is that while plant and animal cells share some similarities, they also have differences, supporting the hypothesis.

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Nur Athirah
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769 views3 pages

Paper 3

The document summarizes an experiment comparing the structure of plant and animal cells. Onion epidermal cells and human cheek cells were observed under a microscope after staining. Both cell types had a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, but plant cells had a regular shape due to their cell wall while animal cells were irregular. The conclusion is that while plant and animal cells share some similarities, they also have differences, supporting the hypothesis.

Uploaded by

Nur Athirah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Paper 3 Aim: To compare the structure of an animal cell and a plant cell.

Problem statement: Are plant cells different from animal cells? Hypothesis: The structure of plant cells have certain similarities and some differences to animal cells. Variables: Manipulated : cell types (epidermal cells of onion and human cheek cells) Responding: cell structure Constant: power of microscope Apparatus: Toothpicks, a scalpel, a pair of forceps, microscope slides, cover slips, needles, a dropper, fi lter paper and a light microscope. Materials: An onion bulb, Cheek cells (scraping from the inner lining of the mouth), distilled water. Cell stains: iodine solution for plant cells and methylene blue solution for animal cells. Technique: Observing onion cell and cheek cell under light microscope and comparing the epidermal cell of onion and the cheek cells. Procedures: A: Observing epidermal cells of onion 1 A succulent leaf of an onion bulb is cut by using a scalpel. 2 A piece of thin epidermis from the inside of the leaf is peeled off by using a pair of forceps. 3 The piece of the epidermis in a drop of water is placed on a microscope slide. This is a wet mount. (Precaution: Try to avoid folding the epidermal tissue.) 4 The cover slip is put carefully onto the epidermis layer using a needle to prevent the formation of air bubbles. 5 A drop of iodine solution is added onto one side of the glass slip and the solution is allowed to spread under the glass slip by holding a piece of fi lter paper at the opposite end. This is known as the irrigation technique. 6 The slide is examined under a light microscope using low magnifi cation (x4) and then followed by higher magnifi cation. (x10). 7 The structure of an onion epidermal cell is drawn and labelled. B: Observing human cheek cells 1 Some tissues are scraped off gently from the inside of your cheek with a clean and flat toothpick. 2 The tissues in a drop of water is placed on a microscope slide. 3 A drop of methylene blue solution is added. 4 Mount is mixed with a toothpick. 5 The mount is covered with a glass slip by using a needle. 6 The fi lter paper is placed at the edges of the cover to absorb the excess solution.

7 The slide is examined under a light microscope using low magnification followed by higher magnification. Observation:

Discussion: Under the light microscope, both plant cell and animal cells have these cellular component: -nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Plant cells have regular shape (due to the presence of cellulose wall), whereas animal cells have irregular shape. The onion epidermal cell have no chloroplast because it is a vegetative reproductive organ, found growing underground. Therefore no photosynthesis occur.

Conclusion : The results of the experiment show that both plant cells and animal cells have certain similarities and some differences. Therefore, the hypothesis is accepted.

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