Scribd
Upload
36 views

Math 101 Module - Week 2

1. The document discusses key concepts in mathematics including expressions, sentences, equality, equivalence, and truth tables. It defines an expression as a combination of symbols that represents a mathematical object but does not state a complete thought, while a sentence makes a statement that can be determined as true or false. It also distinguishes between equality of expressions and equivalence of sentences. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and their applications using truth tables. It concludes with an activity for students to classify examples as expressions or sentences.

Uploaded by

Aron Adarson Bago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Math 101 Module - Week 2

1. The document discusses key concepts in mathematics including expressions, sentences, equality, equivalence, and truth tables. It defines an expression as a combination of symbols that represents a mathematical object but does not state a complete thought, while a sentence makes a statement that can be determined as true or false. It also distinguishes between equality of expressions and equivalence of sentences. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and their applications using truth tables. It concludes with an activity for students to classify examples as expressions or sentences.

Uploaded by

Aron Adarson Bago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

GENSANTOS

FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

SELF-LEARNING
MODULES
Prelim
Midterm
Semi-Final
Final

NAME : ______________________
SUBJECT: ______________________
SECTION: ______________________
SEMESTER: ________ DATE: ______
COURSE & YEAR: ________________
INSTRUCTOR: __________________
GENSANTOS FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.
Bulaong Extension, General Santos City
College Department

Mathematics in the Modern World

Quarter: Prelim Date: September 5-6, 2020


Teacher: Cyrus John A. Calaque Week No.: 2
Topic: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
Learning Targets:
After completing the week 2 module, the students will be able to:
1. Discuss the language, symbols, and convention of mathematics.
2. Explain the nature of mathematics as a language.
References/Materials:
Merlita Castillo Medallon, Ed.D and Felix M. Calubaqub, Ph. D (2018). Mathematics in the
Modern World
Winston S. Sirug, Ph.D (2018). Mathematics in the Modern World
http://www.onemathematicalcat.org/algebra_book/online_problems/exp_vs_sen.htm#:~:text=An%20expression%20is%20the%20mathematical,a
%20mathematical%20object%20of%20interest.&text=A%20mathematical%20sentence%20is%20the,that%20states%20a%20complete
%20thought.

III. Introduction/Review/Content:

Mathematics Language is the system used to communicate mathematical ideas. This language consists
of some natural language using technical terms (mathematical terms) and grammatical conventions that are
uncommon to mathematical discourse, supplemented by a highly specialized symbolic notation for
mathematical formulas. The mathematical notation used for formulas has its own grammar and shared by
mathematicians anywhere in the globe.

According to Galileo Galilei “Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe".
It can be attributed that mathematics is a universal language because the principles and foundations of
mathematics are the same everywhere around the world. Five plus five equals ten if we write it as Arabic
numerals 5+5=10. The concept of 10 items is the same everywhere in the world.
Expression VS Sentences
 An expression (or mathematical expression) is a finite combination of symbols that is well-defined
according to rules that depend on the context. The symbols can designate numbers, variables,
operations, functions, brackets, punctuations, and groupings to help determine order of operations,
and other aspects of mathematical syntax. An expression is a correct arrangement of mathematical
symbols used to represent the objects of interest, it does not contain a complete thought, and it
cannot be determined if it is true or false. Some types of this are numbers, sets and functions.

 A sentence (or mathematical sentence) makes a statement about two expressions, either using
numbers, variables, or combination of both. A mathematical sentence can also use symbols or words
like equals, greater than, or less than. It is correct arrangement of mathematical symbols that states a
complete thought and can be determined whether it’s true, false, and sometimes true/false.

DEFINITION expression
An expression is the mathematical analogue of an English noun; it is a correct
arrangement of mathematical symbols used to represent a mathematical object of interest.

An expression does not state a complete thought; it does not make sense to ask if an expression is true
or false.
The most common expression types are numbers, sets, and functions.
Numbers have lots of different names: for example, the expressions
2+32+3 102102 (6−2)+1(6−2)+1
all look different, but are all just different names for the same number.
This simple idea—that numbers have lots of different names—is extremely important in mathematics.

Sentences have verbs.


In the mathematical sentence “3+4=7” , the verb is “=”.

A sentence can be (always) true, (always) false, or sometimes true/sometimes false.


For example, the sentence ‘1+2=3’ is true.
The sentence ‘1+2=4’ is false.
The sentence x=2 is sometimes true/sometimes false: it is true when x is 2, and false otherwise.
The sentence ‘x+3=3+x’ is (always) true, no matter what number is chosen for x.

Equal and Equivalent


In English, “equivalent”and “equal”are used interchangeably. However, in mathematics“equality”and
“equivalence”are NOT synonymous. Which one use depends on what is being compared.
When expressions are compared, use “equal.”When sentences are compared, use“equivalent.”
For all real numbers x, 3x-9=0 is equivalent to x=3.
When two mathematical sentences have the same solution set, they are equivalent.
When expressions are equal it could be:
1. Numbers can be equal,
2. Sets can be equal, functions can be equal, and
3. Matrices can be equal.
There are few expressions can be equivalent.
Example: For all real numbers x, 3x=x+x+x
To express equivalence, connectives and compound sentences should be looked into.
For numbers, connectives used are the different operations ( + , - , . or x , / ).
The word “equivalent”also means “has the same truth value as.”It can be expressed in different ways.
is equivalent to
if and only if (iff)
The truth of a compound sentence relates the truth of its sub-sentences using a truth table.
Truth Table for Compound Sentences
Sub-Sentence Sub-Sentence Compound Sentence
S1 S2 S1 is equivalent to S2
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Example: Determine whether the following compound sentences are true or false.
1. 1 + 2 = 3 is equivalent to 3 + 2 = 5
2. 1 + 2 = 3 is equivalent to 3 + 2 = 6
3. 1 + 2 = 4 is equivalent to 3 + 2 = 5
4. 1 + 2 = 4 is equivalent to 3 + 2 = 6
Solution:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
In mathematics, sentence connectives such as “and”and “or”are used. Given sentences S1 and S2,
compound sentences can be formed such as:
S1 and S2
S1 or S2
The truth of each compound sentences depends on the truth of its sub-sentences.
Truth Value for Mathematical Sentences
S1 S2 S1 and S2 S1 or S2
T T T T
T F F T
F T F T
F F F F
It can be observed that an “and”sentence is true only when both sub-sentences are true.
An “or”sentence is true when at least one of the sub-sentences is true.
Example: Determine whether the following compound sentences are true or false.
1. 2 + 2 = 4 and 5 + 5 = 10 ___________________
2. 2 + 2 = 4 and 5 + 5 = 15 ___________________
3. 2 + 2 = 4 or 5 + 5 = 15 ___________________
4. 2 + 2 = 4 or 5 + 5 = 10 ___________________
Solution:
1. 2 + 2 = 4 is true and 5 + 5 = 10 is true, therefore the sentence is true.
2. 2 + 2 = 4 is true and 5 + 5 = 15 is false, therefore the sentence is false.
3. 2 + 2 = 4 is true or 5 + 5 = 15 is false, therefore the sentence is true.
4. 2 + 2 = 4 is true or 5 + 5 = 10 is true, therefore the sentence is true.

GENSANTOS FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.


Bulaong, General Santos City
College Department
Marketing Management

Mathematics in the Modern World


ACTIVITY #2

Student’s Name: _______________________ Date Submitted: _________________


Section: _______________
Quarter: Prelim Week No.: 2
Teacher/s: CYRUS JOHN A. CALAQUE

Activity 2.1
A. Classify each of the following as an expression or sentence.

1. i + 0 ____________
2. −1w < −16 ____________
3. 1 + 5 < 20 ____________
4. 8 – 5 > 1 ____________
5. d + 12 ____________
6. h + 19 ____________
7. −8 = 9 ____________
8. 15 x 4 = 60 ____________
9. 0 – 6 < 8 ____________
10. −14 – 8 = 17 ____________

Activity 2.2
A. Classify each of the following as mathematical expression (E) or mathematical sentence
(S). Write the answer on the first blank space.
B. Classify the truth value of those classified as S into:
Always true (T),
Sometimes true/sometimes false (ST/SF)
Write the answer on the second blank space.

____________ ____________ 1. 3x + 1
____________ ____________ 2. 3x + 1 = 10
____________ ____________ 3. x = 3
____________ ____________ 4. 3(3) + 1 = 10 10 = 10
____________ ____________ 5. 3(5) + 1 = 10 16 = 10
____________ ____________ 6. 3x + 1 = 10 x=3
____________ ____________ 7. 3(3) + 1 = 10 and 10 = 10
____________ ____________ 8. 3(3) + 1 = 10 or 10 = 10
____________ ____________ 9. 3(5) + 1 = 10 and 10 = 10
____________ ____________ 10. For all real numbers x, 3x + 1 = 10 iff x =3.

You might also like