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EIE101R01: Basic Textbook and Materials

Electronics Mehta V. K. and Rohith Mehta, Principles of

Electronics, 11th edition, S. Chand and company,
2008
Engineering Power Point Presentation

Dr. K. Adalarasu
Email id : [email protected]

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References References
Jacob Millman, Christos Halkias and Chetan Edward Hughes, Electrical and Electronic
D. Parikh, Integrated Electronics Analog and Technology, 10th edition, Pearson, 2008.
Digital circuits and systems, 2nd edition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2011. Kalsi H.S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3rd
edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
S.K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, 1st edition, Pearson, B.L. Theraja, Dr. R.S. Sedha, Principles of
2011. Electronic Devices and Circuits, 5th edition, S.
Chand and company, 2005.
Salivahanan S, Suresh Kumar N, and
Vallavaraj A, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
2nd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
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Rectifiers Full-Wave Rectifier

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Full-Wave Rectifier Full-Wave Rectifier

Current flows through the load in the same Full-wave rectifier utilises both half-cycles of
direction for both half-cycles of input AC input AC voltage to produce the DC output
voltage
Two circuits
Achieved with two diodes working alternately
Centre-tap full-wave rectifier
Positive halfcycle of input voltage Full-wave bridge rectifier
One diode supplies current to the load
Negative half-cycle
Other diode
So current being always in the same direction
through the load
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Centre-Tap Full-Wave Rectifier Centre-Tap Full-Wave Rectifier
 Circuit employs two diodes D1 and D2
 Positive half cycle of the input voltage
 Centre tapped secondary winding AB is used with  Terminal A is positive
two diodes connected  Diode D1 is forward biased
 So that each uses one half-cycle of input AC voltage  Diode D1 will conduct
 Terminal B is negative
 Diode D2 will not conduct
 Negative half cycle
 Terminal B is positive and terminal A is negative
 Diode D2 will conduct
 Diode D1 will be reverse biased
 Each half cycle one of the two diodes will conduct
 Current will flow through the load resistance, RL

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Centre-Tap Full-Wave Rectifier Centre-Tap Full-Wave Rectifier
 Output current and the output voltage across the load will  Peak inverse voltage is twice the maximum voltage
be a full-wave rectified current and voltage
across the half-secondary winding
 PIV of the diode is equal to 2 Vm
 Disadvantages
 It is difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary
Input Waveform winding
 DC output is small as each diode utilises only one-half of
the transformer secondary voltage
 Diodes used must have high peak inverse voltage

Output Waveform

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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
 Centre tapped power transformer is eliminated in the bridge
rectifier
 A bridge rectifier circuit uses four diodes connected in the
form of a bridge
 Various ways the four diodes in the bridge circuit

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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
 During the positive half cycle of the input voltage  AC supply to be rectified is applied to the diagonally opposite
 Terminal A of the transformer is positive ends of the bridge through the transformer
 Current will flow from the positive terminal through diode  Between other two ends of the bridge, the load resistance RL
D1 load RL and diode D4, and back to the negative is connected
terminal, B of the transformer  PIV for a bridge rectifier = Vm
 Direction of current through the load has been shown to
be from C to D, i.e., from top to bottom
 Diodes D2 and D3 are reverse biased
 During the negative half cycle of the input voltage
 Diodes D3 and D2 are forward biased
 While diodes D1 and D4 are reverse biased
 Current through the load will flow in the same direction,
i.e., from terminal C to D
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Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Analysis of Full-wave Rectifiers

Advantages  Average value or dc value of load current, Idc
Need for centre-tapped transformer is eliminated  Idc = 2 Im /π
Output is twice that of the centre-tap circuit for the  RMS value of the load current, Irms
same secondary voltage  Irms = Im /√2
PIV is one-half that of the centre-tap circuit (for  Output voltage, Vdc
same DC output)  Vdc =
Disadvantages
It requires four diodes
 Rectifier efficiency, η = 81.2 %
 Ripple Factor, r = 0.48

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Problem 1
 The input to a bridge rectifier is through a step-down
transformer of turn ratio 10:1. The supply voltage is 230 V at
50 Hz. The load resistance is 1.2 KΩ secondary winding
resistance of the transformer is 4 Ω diode forward resistance is
2 Ω. Calculate the efficiency of the bridge rectifier.

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Problem 2
 A full-wave rectifier uses two diodes, the internal resistance
of each diode may be assumed constant at 20 Ω. The
transformer RMS secondary voltage from centre tap to each
end of secondary is 50 V and load resistance is 980 Ω. Find
:
 (i) the mean load current (ii) the RMS value of load current

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Problem 3
 In the centre-tap circuit shown in Fig, the diodes are assumed
to be ideal i.e. having zero internal resistance. Find :
 (i) DC output voltage
 (ii) peak inverse voltage
 (iii) rectification efficiency.

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Problem 4
 In the bridge type circuit shown in Fig, the diodes are
assumed to be ideal. Find :
 (i) d.c. output voltage (ii) peak inverse voltage (iii) output
frequency.
 Assume primary to secondary turns to be 4.

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Problem 5
 A power supply A delivers 10 V dc with a ripple of 0.5 V r.m.s.
while the power supply B delivers 25 V dc with a ripple of 1
mV r.m.s. Which is better power supply ?

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