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EIE101R01: Basic Textbook and Materials

Electronics Mehta V. K. and Rohith Mehta, Principles of

Electronics, 11th edition, S. Chand and company,
2008
Engineering Power Point Presentation

Dr. K. Adalarasu
Email id : [email protected]

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References References
Jacob Millman, Christos Halkias and Chetan Edward Hughes, Electrical and Electronic
D. Parikh, Integrated Electronics Analog and Technology, 10th edition, Pearson, 2008.
Digital circuits and systems, 2nd edition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2011. Kalsi H.S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3rd
edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
S.K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, 1st edition, Pearson, B.L. Theraja, Dr. R.S. Sedha, Principles of
2011. Electronic Devices and Circuits, 5th edition, S.
Chand and company, 2005.
Salivahanan S, Suresh Kumar N, and
Vallavaraj A, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
2nd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
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Rectifiers
 An electronic device used for converting ac voltage
into unidirectional voltage

Rectifiers  All electronic circuits need a dc voltage for their

operation
 Supply voltage available is from the ac mains which
is 230 V, 50 Hz supply
 Rectifier will first step down the ac supply voltage to
the required level by using a step-down transformer
 Rectified voltage is a uni-directionally changing dc,
filter circuits are used to get steady dc output

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Rectifiers Half-wave Rectifier
Rectifiers are classified depending upon  Half-wave rectifier circuit consisting
the period of conduction  A transformer
 A diode
Half-wave rectifier
 A load represented by a resistor
Full-wave rectifier
Full-wave rectifier
Centre-tap full-wave rectifier
Full-wave bridge rectifier

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Half-wave Rectifier Half-wave Rectifier
 During the positive half cycle, i.e., from time 0 to π  During the negative half cycle of the input voltage
 Voltage is positive wave π to 2π
 Hence terminal A of the transformer, T is positive  Terminal A of the transformer will be negative and terminal
B will be positive
 Diode is forward biased
 Diode will be reverse biased
 Hence current will flow through the diode and through the
load resistance, RL  Virtually no current will flow through the diode and the load
 Function of the transformer will be to electrically
isolate the dc output circuit from the input circuit

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Half-wave Rectifier Half-wave Rectifier

https://instrumentationtools.com/bridge-rectifier-working-animation/ https://instrumentationtools.com/half-wave-rectifier-principle/

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Half-wave Rectifier
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Half-wave Rectifier
 This sequence of allowing the positive half cycle of  Average value of this fluctuating dc as also its RMS
current through the diode and blocking the negative values can be calculated
half cycle will continue for each and every cycle of  Im /π and Im /2
power supply
 Output across the load is pulsating d.c
 Diode is reverse biased
 Pulsations in the output are further smoothened with
 Maximum or peak voltage of the negative half cycle of the
input will be appearing across the diode terminals the help of filter circuits
 Peak-inverse voltage (PIV)
 Which is getting applied to the diode in every alternate
half cycles

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Half-wave Rectifier
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Half-wave Rectifier
 Performance parameters of a half-wave rectifier  Idc = Iav = Im/π = 0.318 Im
output are calculated in terms of the output dc current  Irms = Im/2
i.e., the average value of the rectified wave
 Ripple Factor
 RMS value of the output current
 Output of a half-wave rectifier is a pulsating DC
 Output voltage
 It has a steady DC component and an AC component
 Ripple factor
 AC component is called the ripple
 Peak inverse voltage, etc

 Ripple factor = 1.21

 Output voltage across the load, Vdc = 0.318 Vm

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Half-wave Rectifier Half-wave Rectifier
 Rectifier efficiency  Low-power rectifier diode series, IN 4000 to IN
4007
 Forward current of 1000 mA
 40.6 %  Maximum reverse voltage of value varying from 50 V to
 Value of efficiency is considered low and ripple 1000 V
factor is considered very high  Voltage Regulation of the rectifier
 Peak inverse voltage (PIV)
 Maximum value of reverse voltage that appears across
the diode when it gets reverse biased
 PIV = Vm
 Form factor = (RMS value)/(Average value) =
(Irms/Idc)

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Problem 1
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Problem 2
 The applied input a.c. power to a half-wave rectifier  An AC supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave rectifier circuit
is 100 watts. The d.c. output power obtained is 40 through a transformer of turn ratio 10 : 1.
watts.  Find (i) the output DC voltage and
 (i) What is the rectification efficiency ?  (ii) the peak inverse voltage.
 Assume the diode to be ideal.

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Problem 3 Problem 4
 A half-wave rectifier is used to supply 50V DC to a resistive  A diode having internal resistance rf = 20Ω is used for half-
load of 800 Ω. The diode has a resistance of 25 Ω. Calculate wave rectification. If the applied voltage v = 50 sin ω t and
AC voltage required. load resistance RL = 800 Ω, find
 (i) Im , Idc, Irms
 (ii) AC power input and DC power output
 (iii) DC output voltage
 (iv) Efficiency of rectification.

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Problem 5
 A half-wave diode rectifier has a forward voltage drop, i.e.,
voltage drop across the diode when conducting is 0.7 V. The
load resistance is 600 Ω. The RMS value of the ac input is
28.87 V. Calculate Idc, Irms, PIV, and form factor.

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Problem 6
 A half-wave rectifier produces a maximum load current
(peak value) of 40 mA through a 1200 Ω resistor. Calculate
the PIV of the diode. The diode is of silicon material.

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Problem 7
 A half-wave rectifier circuit has been made using a step-
down transformer of turn ratio 10:1. The input voltage is ν =
325 sinωt the diode forward resistance is 25 Ω. A load
resistance of 1.2 KΩ has been connected in the circuit.
Assuming a secondary winding resistance of the transformer
as 1 Ω, calculate the following:
 (a) RMS value of load current
 (b) rectification efficiency, and
 (c) ripple factor.

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