UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF

BUSINESS

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT (SIP)

PROGRESS REPORT NO. 2

ON

ONLINE EQUITY TRADING

AT

SHAREKHAN LTD.

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

RAJEEV PRASHAR KOMAL
ASST. PROFESSER 21MBA1060
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY MBA-Batch 2021-23

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The term “research” refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem,
formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data, analyzing the facts and reaching certain
conclusions either in the form of solution(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalization for some theoretical formulation.

RESEARCH DESIGN: Descriptive and quantitative type of research has been used
to prepare this report.
Descriptive research design is a theory – based research design which is created by gather,
analyze and presents collected data. The form of the study is on the cash management in
general and specific to the financial position.
Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena
via statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

TYPE OFDATA:
Secondary data has been used for the study; from the portal of Delhi Transco Limited.
Likes Annual report, research papers, and articles.

Statistical and other techniques used are: -

• Comparative Balance Sheet

• Cash flow statement.
• Profit and loss statement.
• Liquidity Ratio.
• Common size balance sheet.
Simple Mathematical Tools
like
• Averages
Accounting Tools like
• Trend Analysis & Statistical Tools were made also used for this analysis.
• It has been conducted by using secondary data

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Exploratory Research:

Exploratory research is a type of research conducted because a problem has not been clearly
defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection
method, and selection of subjects. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research often
concludes that a perceived problem does not exist.
Exploratory research often relies on secondary research such as reviewing available literature
and/or data, qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees,
management, or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus
groups, and projective methods, case studies or pilot studies.

The results of exploratory research are not usually useful for decision-making by themselves,
but they can provide significant insight into a given situation. Although the results of
qualitative research can give some indication as to the "why", "how" and "when" something
occurs, it cannot tell us "how often" or "how many,"

Exploratory research is not typically generalizable to the population at large.

Research is exploratory when you use no earlier model as a basis for your study. The most
usual reason for using this approach is that you have no other choice. Normally you would
like to take an earlier theory as a support, but they’re perhaps none, or all available models
come from the wrong contexts.

Exploratory research means that hardly anything is known about the matter at the outset of
the project. You then have to begin with a rather vague impression of what you should study,
and it is also impossible to make a detailed work plan in advance.

Analysis in exploratory research is essentially abstraction and generalization. Abstraction

means that you translate the empirical observations, measurements, etc. into concepts;
generalization means arranging the material so that it disengages from single persons,
occurrences, etc., and focuses on those structures (invariances) that are common to all or
most of the cases.

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It will seldom be possible to divide the exploratory study into such clear phases as is common
in the case that the object has been studied earlier. According to Alasuutari (1993 p.22), in
qualitative analysis of empirical findings, you can distinguish two phases but these two
overlap:

 simplification of observations

 interpretation of results (or "solving the enigma")

In the simplification phase, the material is inspected from the theoretical point of view of the
study project, and only the points relevant from this angle are noted. Details differing from
one individual to another at random are omitted or pushed aside so that the general lines of
the data can be discerned more easily.

Simplification continues by finding the relationships between separate observations or cases.

Some tools for this work are comparison and classification. The goal is to find the general
rule or model that is valid in all or most of the observations. This model can be, for example,
development or evolution, causality, or a conscious action to attain an outcome which is
typical in normative research. In any case, the analysis starts from separate cases and aspires
to create one or a few general models.

"Solving the enigma" does not always mean answering exactly those questions that were
asked at the outset of the project. Sometimes the most interesting questions are found at the
end of the research when the researcher has become an expert on the subject. It is often said
that "data teach the researcher".

The purpose of descriptive exploratory research is to extract a structure from the source
material which in the best case can be formed as a rule that governs all the observations and
is not known earlier (per the definition of exploratory study). Finding the unknown structure
may need some creative innovation because even the most sophisticated computerized
analysis methods cannot automatically uncover which type of structure is concealed in data.
Usually, you first have to formulate a tentative pattern for the assumed structure in the
observations and then you can ask the computer to estimate how well the data corresponds to
the model, cf. Tools for Analysis.

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 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

In the project work, Primary data and secondary data (both) sources of data have been used.

1. Primary data collection:

In dealing with real-life problems it is often found that the data at hand are inadequate, and
hence, it becomes necessary to collect data that is appropriate. There are several ways of
collecting the appropriate data which differ considerably in the context of money costs, time,
and other resources at the disposal of the researcher.

Primary data can be collected either through experiments or surveys.

The data collection for this study was done in the following manner:

Through personal interviews:

A rigid procedure was followed and we were seeking answers to many preconceived
questions through personal interviews.

Through questionnaire:
Information to find out the investment potential and goal was found out through
questionnaires.

Through Tele-Calling:
Information was also taken through telephone calls.

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2. Secondary sources of data:

The secondary sources of data are used. (Internet, magazine books, journals)
In research, secondary data is data collected and possibly processed by people other than the
researcher in question. Common sources of secondary data for social science include
censuses, large surveys, and organizational records. In sociology, primary data is data you
have collected yourself and secondary data is data you have gathered from primary sources to
create new research. In terms of historical research, these two terms have different meanings.
A primary source is a book or set of archival records. A secondary source is a summary of a
book or set of records.

Secondary data analysis:

There are two different types of sources that need to be established in order to conduct a good
analysis. The first type is a primary source which is the initial material that is collected during
the research process. Primary data is the data that the researcher is collecting themselves
using methods such as surveys. direct observations, interviews, as well as logs(objective data
sources). Primary data is a reliable way to collect data because the researcher will know
where it came from and how it was collected and analysed since they did it themselves.
Secondary sources on the other hand are sources that are based upon the data that was
collected from the primary source.
Secondary sources take the role of analyzing, explaining, and combining the information
from the primary source with additional information. Secondary data analysis is commonly
known as second-hand analysis. It is simply the analysis of pre-existing data in a different
way or to answer a different question than originally intended. Secondary data analysis
utilizes the data that was collected by someone else in order to further a study that you are
interested in completing. Common sources of secondary data are social science surveys and
data from government agencies, including the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Labour
Statistics, and various other agencies. The data collected is most often collected via survey
research methods. Data from experimental studies may also be used.

Sources of secondary data:

Sources of secondary data may be classified into qualitative and quantitative. Examples of
qualitative sources are biographies, memoirs, newspapers, etc. Quantitative sources include
published statistics (e.g., census, survey), and data archives. market research, etc. Today, with
the aid of our internet capabilities, thousands of large-scale datasets are at the click of a
mouse for secondary data analysts. Globally, there are many sources available. These sources
can arrive from the data arranged by governmental and private organizations to data collected
by any social researcher.

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Secondary data analysis is a growing research tool in our modern-day society. Social
scientists have the opportunity to explore massive amounts of secondary data.

Collecting, reviewing, and analyzing secondary data

The Design and Purpose of Research

Secondary data analysis consists of collecting data that was compiled through research by
another person and using that data to get a better understanding of a concept. A good way to
begin your research using secondary data that you are collecting to further support your
concept is to clearly define the goals of your research and the design that you anticipate
using. An important thing to remember when defining your plan is to ensure that you have
established what kind of data you plan on using for your research and the exact goal.
Establishing what type of research design is an important component. In terms of using
secondary data for research it helps to create an outline of what the final product will look
like consisting of all the types of data to be used along with a list of sources that were used to
compile the research. In order to use secondary data three steps must be completed:

1. locate the data

2. evaluate the data

3. verify the data

Locating the data can be easily done with the advancements in searching sources online.
However, people need to be aware of the details when searching online since pages can be
out of date or poorly put together.

Therefore, use caution and pay attention to whether it is a reliable data source online and
check when the last update was. To evaluate the data a researcher must carefully examine the
secondary data they are considering to ensure that it meets the needs and purpose of the
study. The person must look at the population and what the sample strategy and type were. It
is also important to look at when the data was collected, how it was collected, how it was
coded and edited, along with the operational definitions of measures that were used. Finally,
the data must be verified to ensure good quality material to be used in the new research.

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Determining the Types of Data and Information Needed to Conduct Analysis
Data and information collection for secondary data analysis will depend entirely upon the
subject that is central to the focal point of the study. The purpose of conducting secondary
data analysis is to further develop an improved understanding of the subject matter at hand.
Some important types of data and information that should be collected and summarized
include demographic information, information gathered by government agencies (i.e. the
Census), and social science surveys. There is also the possibility of reanalyzing data that was
collected in experimental studies or data collected with qualitative measures that can be
applied in secondary data analysis. The most important component is to ensure that the
information and data being collected needs to relate to the subject of study.

Determine the Quality of Sources of Data

In secondary data analysis, most individuals who do not have much experience in research
training or technical expertise can be trained accordingly. However, this advantage is not
without difficulty as the individual must be able to judge the quality of the data or
information that has been gathered. These key tips will assist you in assessing the quality of
the data: Determine the original purpose of the data collection, attempt to discover the
credentials of the source(s) or author(s) of the information, and consider if the document is a
primary or secondary source, verify that the source well-referenced, and finally find out the:
date of the publication; the intended audience, and coverage of the report or document.

RESEARCH DESIGN

For the proper analysis of data, simple quantitative techniques such as percentages were used.
It helps in marketing more accurate generalization From the data available The data which
was collected from a sample of the population was assumed to be representing the entire
population was interested Demographic factor like age, income, and educational background
was used for the classification purpose.

On The Job Training

On-the-job training is an important component of our training. It is an attempt to bridge the
gap between academic institutions and the corporate world. OJT, which would be a
simulation of a real work environment, requires you to undergo the rigor of a professional
environment, both in form and substance. In the process, it provides an opportunity for us to
satisfy our inquisitiveness about corporate, provides exposure to technical skills, and helps us
to acquire social skills by being in constant interaction with the professionals of other
organizations.

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 During OJT we are required to undertake assignment jobs along with the day-to-day function
of the company, both at the assistance and execution level. This will help to gain a deeper
understanding of the work, culture, deadlines, pressure, etc. of an origination.

SCALING &TYPES OF QUESTIONS

Q1 What constitutes your cash balances?

 Cash in hand
 Cheques in hand
 Cash with scheduled banks in current accounts, saving/deposit schemes and margin money, 
 Cash in transit

Q2: How are the levels of cash determined?

 Day to day requirements

 Minimum cash balance and an optimum cash balance.

 Any other (please specify)

Q3. Are you aware about online trading?

 Yes
 No

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 Q4. Did you hear about Sharekhan Ltd.?
 Yes
 No

Q5. Is there any cash budgeting in your organization?


 Yes
 No

Q6. Are any of the following ratios computed and used as cash level norms

 Normal days of cash

 Peak days of cash
 Cash required at 'X' days safety level
 Cash required at peak 'X' days safety level
 Arty other (please specify)

Q7. Where there any cash inadequacy situation?

 Yes
 No

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Q8. How does the problem of going in for a cash credit arise ?
 Shortage in expected cash flows,
 Inadeauate internal resources
 Cash requirements for day to day working capital needs
 Cash requirements for new projects.

Q9. Do you have any problem with regard to:

 Obtaining cash credit from banks?

 Waiting capital loans from Central Govt.?
 Cash credits from banks

Q10: What are the bottlenecks in cash flows?

 Communication gap between Divisions and Departments
 Non availability and slow movement of wagons for carrying goods,
 Variations in production/dispatch targets and schedules.
 Delays in payment by customers.
 Proems of product distribution affecting the cash sales.

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