Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula fluminea) as an

NPK fertilizer

A Research Project

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in Research Project

Jan Leenard P. Patulan

Grade 10 Researcher/s

Mark Anthony C. Leido

Adviser/Research Teacher

San Teodoro National High School

Senior High School Department
Sitio Suha, Bigaan, San Teodoro Oriental Mindoro
 Project Title: Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula
fluminea) as an NPK fertilizer

Category: Life Science (Junior High School)

Researcher: Jan Leenard P. Patulan
Grade Level: Grade 10
Adult Sponsor: Mark Anthony C. Leido [email protected]
Research Period: Insert date (months)

Contents:

I. Research Plan
a) Rationale
b) Hypothesis research questions engineering goals
c) Research Methods
d) Bibliography
II. Project Data Book
III. Research Paper (IMRAD-C)+
1. Cover Page
2. Introduction
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion, Recommendation, Acknowledgment
IV. Abstract
V. Appendices
I. RESEARCH PLAN
 Research Plan

Project Title: Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula

fluminea) as an NPK fertilizer
Category: Life Science –Individual (Junior High School)
Researchers: Jan Leenard P. Patulan
Grade Level: Grade 10
Adult Sponsor: Mark Anthony C. Leido [email protected]
Research Period: May 2019 – July 2019

A. Rationale
Bioconversion is the conversion of organic materials, such as plant or animal
waste, into usable products or energy resources by biological processes or agents, such as
a certain microorganisms or enzymes, bioconversion can be carried out physically,
thermochemically and biologically.This process has been applied in the production of
foodstuffs, organic chemicals and energy. Biological methods for bioconversion has
given priority with the use of microorganisms as less expensive yet effective agents, this
process is also know as fermentation. The agriculture sector is deemed unsustainable by
various studies as the main focus of the current development agenda is feeding the ever-
expanding population. It loses sight of the negative environmental consequences it
creates, particularly on soil health. Land use is optimized through technologies and
management practices that fall short of requirements for sustainability. The current
practice in agriculture is basically chemical-based farming that makes a considerable
contribution to the degradation of our natural resources especially soils. Heavy
application of fertilizers has polluted surface and groundwater resources (dela Cruz,
2006). Growing vegetables has been a practice for centuries in civilized countries.
Vegetables are a very important food commodity. Aside from playing a major role in
meeting our vitamin, mineral and protein requirements, they also serve as a reliable
source of income of farmers (Chauburg, 1984 as cited by Torrefiel, 2006). The income
derived from growing vegetables is relatively higher than other crops, because growers
can produce more crops from a small area in a very short period of time.

B. Research Question and Hypothesis

 This research study aims to determine the effectiveness of chicken bone and tulya
shell as a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, fertilizer to be used for the productiveness and
growth of the mustard plants.

Specifically,the researchers seek to answers to the following questions:

1. How effective are chicken bone and tulya shell as an npk fertilizer for
mustard plant?
2. Is there a significant difference between the growth of mustard using the
chicken bone mixed with tulya shell?
3. Among the three set ups what is the most effective in growing the mustard
plant in terms of:
a. height
b. number of the leaves

C. General Procedures
A. Gathering of materials

The researcher will prepare and gather the materials at the same time from
different parts of Barangay Bigaan with appropriate quantity of materials such as the
following: 1 kilo of chicken bone and tulya shell, commercial fertilizer, loam soil, twelve
(12) plastic pots, hammer, two (2) unused bottles and lastly is a weighing scale will be
borrowed from the store, this were the following materials that the researcher will use
throughout the experimentation.

B. Marerial Preparation

1 kilo of chicken bone and tulya shell (corbicula fluminea) will gathered by the
researcher from different parts of Barangay Bigaan. The researcher will washed the
chicken bone, tulya shell with tap water to remove dirt and let it expose to the sun.

C. Pulverizing

Using a weighing scale 200g of chicken bone and tulya shell will be measure. The
bone and the shell will be crush into smaller pieces and will be put in one bottle
containing 125g of chicken bone and tulya shell.

D. Seedling production
 Seeds of pechay will be sown in seedling trays filled with garden soil and
compost at 1:1 ratio. The seed box will be place under structure to protect the seedlings
from the rain and direct sunlight.

E. Transplanting

The seedlings will be transfer into the 9 plastic pots 7 days after germination. One
seedling will be planted per plot. The loam soil will be filled with ¾ of the volume of the
plastic pot. The transplanting of seedling will be done in the afternoon to minimize
transplanting stress. The seedlings will be water adequately before and immediately after
transplanting.

F. Experimental Design and Set ups

9 polyethylene pots will be use in the study with a size of 10 cm. The pot
experiment will be laid on the ground with 5 hollow blocks around it. There will be three
set ups for the mustard plant. The set ups will follows:

Set (A) = Tulya Shell,Chicken Bone

Set (B) = Commercial Fertilizer
Set (C) = Pure Soil

Bibliography

Adebayo, O. and J. Akoun Effect of organic manures and spacing on the yield of
Amaranthus cruentus, 20th Annual Conf. Proceedings of Horticultural Society of Nigeria.
Umeh V.C. and Fagbayide .A. (eds.) 2000); 63-67.
Awodun M.A., Omonijo L.I. and Ojeniyi S.O., 2007. Effect of Goat Dung and NPK
Fertilizer on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Content, Growth and Yield of Pepper. International
Journal of Soil Science, 2: 142-147.
Brady, N.C. 1974. The nature and properties of soil. 8th edition. McMillan Pub. Co. Inc.
New York. P680.
dela Cruz, N.E., Aganon C.P., Patricio M.G., Romero E.S., Lindain S.A. and. Galindez,
J.L, 2006. Production of organic fertilizer from solid waste and its utilization in intensive
organic-based vegetable production and for sustaining soil health and productivity. pp. 16
– 20
Espiritu, B.M, 2011. Interaction of Microbial Inoculants and Low-Chemical Fertilizer
Rates in Enhancing the Quality of Sugarcane Mudpress-Chicken Manure Compost.
Philipp Agric Scientist. (94)2:179-186
Moyin-Jesu, E. I. 2007. Effects of some organic fertilizers on soil and coffee (Coffee
arabica L), leaf chemical composition and growth. University of Khartoum Journal of
Agricultural Science; 15(1): 52-70.
 Masarirambi, M.T.; Hlawe, M.M.; Oseni, O.T.; and Sibiya, T.E, 2010. Effects of organic
fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and sensory evaluation of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa
L.) ‘Veneza Roxa’ . Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 2151-7517.
Pace, M.G. 1995. The Composting Process. Utah State University. Department of
Agriculture.
Rao, M.K., 1991. Textbook of Horticulture. University of Madaras. Madaras, India.
Torrefiel, D.B. Jr. 2006. Growth and yield performance of pechay (Brassica napus L.) as
influenced by biogas digester effluent and rice hull ash application. Undergrad. Thesis.
Visca,Baybay. Leyte.
Xu, H.L., Wang, R., Xu, R.Y., Mridha, M.A.U. and Goyal, S., (2005). Yield and quality
of leafy vegetables grown with organic fertilizations. Acta Hort., 627: 25-33.

II. PROJECT
DATA BOOK
III. RESEARCH
PAPER
Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula fluminea) as an
NPK fertilizer

A Research Project

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in Research Project

Jan Leenard Patulan

Grade 10 Researcher/s
 Mark Anthony C. Leido
Adviser/Research Teacher

San Teodoro National High School

Senior High School Department
Sitio Suha, Bigaan, San Teodoro Oriental Mindoro

Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula fluminea) as an

NPK fertilizer
Jan Leenard P. Patulan
San Teodoro National High School
Suha, Bigaan, San Teodoro, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, 5202

Abstract
This experimental research aims to create an npk fertilizer in improving the growth interms of
height gain and leaves count of green mustard plant using chicken bone and tulya shell
( corbicula fluminea ). We will add of pulverized chicken bone to the soil and were being put in
the soil with the green mustard plant ( brassica juncea ) to get the nutrients. In doing our
experiment , we have done 3 set ups we’re each of the 3 mustard plant in the given set ups. Set
A is the Experimental group we’re the 50g of chicken bone and tulya shell being mixed with
the soil everyday from day to night for about 1 month. IN Set up B is our Positive Control we’re
the 60g of commercial fertilizer were being mixed with the soil from plant1 to plant3 and lastly
is our Set up C which is our Negative control we’re the mustard plant in this set up haven’t
being putted any kind of fertilizers because they only need to be watered everyday with normal
water.
Green mustard plant treated with commercial fertilizers grow faster than
others because after weeks of observation , the plant in this set up reach an average height of 4
cm and 5 no. of leaves gain compared to chickens treated with chicken bone and tulya shell that
only have an average height of 3 cm and leaves count of 4 this results prove that our hyphothesis
is rejected thus , there is a significant difference between the effects of the three set ups on
enhancing the growth of agreen mustard(bassica juncea) plant interms of height and no. of
leaves gain.

Keywords: Growth,fertilizer,experimental,positive,negative

I. Introduction
Fertilizer is a substance helping crops to grow quickly. Fertilizer is a natural and
synthetic material used for soil fertility or to replace the soil's chemical elements removed from
prior plants. The use of artificial fertilizers can harm the natural nutrients of the soil, with most
farmers discovering a better way to help their crops grow rapidly. Some gardeners used
artificial fertilizer that can damage the soil's natural nutrients. The researchers discovered
another way to prevent damage in plant growth and productivity by using banana peels and
eggshells as an alternative fertilizer. It is a useful way to use chicken bone and tulya shells as an
alternative npk fertilizer for mustasa, taking into account the fact that it releases nutrients such
as potassium, phosphorus, potassium that crops needed, as well as the soil. It also seeks to
decrease the waste of food simply by using it as a fertilizer. Bioconversion is the conversion of
organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy resources by
biological processes or agents, such as a certain microorganisms or enzymes, bioconversion can
be carried out physically, thermochemically and biologically. This process has been applied in
the production of foodstuffs, organic chemicals and energy. Biological methods for
bioconversion has given priority with the use of microorganisms as less expensive yet effective
agents.
 The agriculture sector is deemed unsustainable by various studies as the main focus of the
current development agenda is feeding the ever-expanding population. It loses sight of the
negative environmental consequences it creates, particularly on soil health. Land use is
optimized through technologies and management practices that fall short of requirements for
sustainability. The current practice in agriculture is basically chemical-based farming that
makes a considerable contribution to the degradation of our natural resources especially soils.
Heavy application of fertilizers has polluted surface and groundwater resources (dela Cruz,
2006). Growing vegetables has been a practice for centuries in civilized countries. Vegetables
are a very important food commodity. Aside from playing a major role in meeting our vitamin,
mineral and protein requirements, they also serve as a reliable source of income of farmers
(Chauburg, 1984 as cited by Torrefiel, 2006). The income derived from growing vegetables is
relatively higher than other crops, because growers can produce more crops from a small area
in a very short period of time.

Mustard is a type of leaf vegetable that is favored by people and consumers from various groups.
Almost all people like mustard because it tastes fresh and contains lots of vitamins A, B, and a
little vitamin C, E, and K (Sunarjono, 2004). Mustard plants grow well on soil that con-tains lots
of nutrients, loose structures, and good drainage (Haryanto et al., 2006). Therefore, to in-crease
the yield of the mustard plant, more inten-sive management is needed, followed by improved soil
fertility. One of the actions that can be taken to meet and improve the chemical properties and
soil nutrients is the provision of organic fertilizers (Gusnidar et al., 2011). Inorganic fertilizers
are the most common fertilizers used by the farmers. However, its use incurs a high cost and its
supply is sometimes limited that many farmers now are still adapting the idea of using npk
fertilizers no matter how long and laborious is the preparation. Brady (1974) reported that
organic matter increases the cation exchange capacity of the soil. Aside from its ability to supply
nutrients,npk fertilizers are also capable of improving the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the soil which could significantly improve the growth and development of plants.
There is paucity of information on the use of NPK fertilizers for vegetable production and
therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of chicken bone and tulya shell
as a source of NPK fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of green mustard. Hence,
this research is designed to assist home gardeners and future researchers. Instead of spending
too much on purchasing chemical fertilizers in increasing crops, it is much better to use banana
peels and eggshells or other decomposed materials to assist fertilize the soil. The gardeners and
farmers can grow more crops and at the same time can save money as well.

2. Materials and Method

Research Method

The researcher used an experimental research to find out the difference among the three
set ups in the study. He perform and gathered the results in terms of height and number of the
leaves of the plant. Experimental research is based. In the observation to find out it can be
specific and testable.

Preparation Of Materials
 The researcher prepared and gathered the materials at the same time from different
parts of Barangay Bigaan with appropriate quantity of materials such as the following: 1 kilo of
chicken bone and tulya shell, commercial fertilizer, loam soil, eight (8) plastic pots, hammer,
one(1)glass bottles and lastly is a weighing scale will be borrowed from the store, this were the
following materials that the researcher were use throughout the experimentation.

1 kilo of chicken bone 1 kilo of tulya shell

commercial fertilizer loam soil

polyethylene bags glass bottle

 hammer weighing scale

Pulverizing

Using a weighing scale 1kg of chicken bone and 1kg of tulya shell were being measured.
The bone and the shell will be crush into smaller pieces using a hammer and were put in one
bottle containing 250g of chicken bone and tulya shell.

(pulverizing the chicken bone and tulya shell and mixing it together)
 (after pulverizing it the researcher place it in a glass bottle)

Seedling production

Seeds of green mustard will be sown in seedling trays filled with garden soil and compost at
1:1 ratio. The seed box will be place under structure to protect the seedlings from the rain and
direct sunlight.

(the picture below shows the green mustard plant after germinating it for 7days)

o
Transplanting

The seedlings will be transfer into the 9 plastic pots 7 days after germination. One seedling
will be planted per plot. The loam soil will be filled with ¾ of the volume of the plastic pot. The
transplanting of seedling will be done in the afternoon to minimize transplanting stress. The
seedlings will be water adequately before and immediately after transplanting.

Experimental Design and Set ups

9 polyethylene pots were use in the study with a size of 10 cm. The pot experiment were
being laided on the ground. The loam soil of each plant were being mixed and cultivated, in Set
(A) 50g of chicken bone and tulya shell were mixed with the soil everyday, Set (B) 60g of
commercial fertilizer were being mixed with the soil, and lastly Set (C) remained the same with
no variable being used. There will be three set ups for the green mustard plant.The set ups were
as follows :

Set (A) = Chicken bone, Tulya shell

Set (B) = Pure fertilizer
Set (C) = Pure soil

Set (A) Set (B) Set (C)

(Chicken bone and (Commercial (Pure soil)
Tulya shell) fertilizer)
Observation of Green mustard plant

Nine green mustard plant (brassica juncea) in each set-ups labeled A-C will be observed
by the researchers for almost 2-3 weeks.

The table shows the average height and the total number of the leaves from week 1-3.

Week 1

Set-ups Height No. of leaves

A (chicken bone and tulya) 1.27 cm 3
B (commercial fertilizer) 2.67 cm 4
C (pure soil) 1.26 cm 3

Set-ups Height No. of leaves

A (chicken bone and tulya) 2.63 cm 4
B (commercial fertilizer) 3.43 cm 5
C (pure soil) 2.33 cm 4
Week 2

Week 3

Set-ups Height No. of leaves

A (chicken bone and tulya) 3 cm 5
B (commercial fertilizer) 4 cm 6
C (pure soil) 2.88 cm 4

3. Results and Discussion

1.Identifying the effect of chicken bone and tulya shell as an npk fertilizer for green
mustard plant.

Set-ups Height No. of leaves

A (chicken bone and tulya) 3 cm 5
B (commercial fertilizer) 4 cm 6
C (pure soil) 2.88 cm 4
 Table I Presents the height and the no. of leaves of green mustard plant (brassica juncea)
, result shows that the set A plants got a total average of 3 cm height and a total number of 5
leaves respectively.

Data shows that chicken bone and tulya shell (corbicula fluminea) has an effect on the height
and number of the leaves of a green mustard plant( Brassica Juncea )

2. Identifying the significant difference among the three set ups (Experimental, Positive
and Negative)

Set-up F- crit Level of Interpretation Decission

Signififcance

Experimental vs Positive vs Negative 4.35 0.5 Not significant Accepted

The table above show the summary of the difference among the three set ups
( Experimental , Positive and Negative ) in enhancing the growth of the green mustard plant
(brassica juncea ).

The result of the Anova test among the three set ups shows that the P – value of 0.36 is
lower than the level of significance 0.05 Thus , the hyphothesis that there is no significant
difference is accepted . Therefore , there is no significant difference among the three set ups.
 ( Plant set ups with different variable being used such as: chicken bone and tulya
shell, commercial fertilizer and the pure soil.)

The photos above shows the height and the total number of the leaves in each pots in
each chicken bone and tulya shell npk fertilizer, commercial fertilizer, pure soil. Different set ups
recorded distinct leaf counts at the end of the three week observation.

3. Among the three set ups what is the most effective in growing the petchay plant in terms of:

a. Height

b. number of the leaves

Week 3

Set-ups Height No. of leaves

A (50g chicken bone and 3 cm 5
tulya)
B (60g commercial 4 cm 6
fertilizer)
C (pure soil) 2.88 cm 4
Table III Presents the height and the leaf counts of green mustard plant ( brassica jun. ) using
chicken bone, tulya shell , commercial fertilizer and the pure soil result shows that plant set up
A and B got a total average height of 3cm, 4cm and leaf counts of 5, 6 respectively .

Data shows that commercial fertilizer slightly affcect the height and the leaf counts of green
mustard plant).

1. Summary of Findings

This chapter present the summary of the research work undertaken the conclusion
drawn and the recommendation made as an outgrown of the study. The following were the key
conclusions of this study, based on the acquired data and computed height and no. of the leaves
of the green mustard plant (brassica juncea) 1. Normal setup is more efficient in enhancing the
growth of a green mustard plant interms of height and no. of leaves with an average height of
of 4cm and no. of leaves of 6 .

2. Experimental treatment (chicken bone,tulya shell) affects the growth of green mustard plant
in terms of height and leaf counts as it results to an average height of 3cm and no. of leaves of 5
from plant 1 to plant , after 3 weeks of observation.

CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, the researchers have established npk fertilizer with chicken bone
and tulya shell has an influence on the growth of green mustard plant (brassica juncea). As a
result, the researchers came to the following conclusion:
 1. Green mustard plant (brassica juncea) treated with chicken bone and tulya shell as an npk
fertilizer show improved height and no. of leaves gain.

2. In terms of green mustard plant leaves count and height gain, there is a significant difference
between the two setups (positive and negative setup) (brassica juncea).

Acknowledgment
Researchers would like to express heartfelt gratitude to the following individuals for
their constribution to this research study.

 First is our mighty God who helps us in all things.He gives power and strength to us so that
we don't give up and finish the experimentation with no problem and everything was
according want to happen.

 To our family especially our parents that supports and empowers us every morning.They are
the people who serve as guides especially in our study of what can be done and happen while
conducting the experimentation.

 To our beloved research teacher Sir Mark Anthony C. Leido who gives us his full support to
continue and accomplished this research study.That even though where still in pandemic we
feel his presence as a supportive and thoughtful teacher. To our advisers who brings support
and some concerns about our study that really helps to motivate us even more and make us to
do our the study well.

 Lastly,to our classmates and friends that bring us hope and helps in such things.They are
some of those who listen to our problems or concerns in the study.
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Rekolainen, S. 2005. "Stocks and flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish
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ABSTRACT
 Bioconversion of Chicken Bone and Tulya Shell (corbicula fluminea) as an
NPK fertilizer

Name of Researcher
San Teodoro National High School
Suha, Bigaan, San Teodoro, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, 5202

Abstract
This experimental research aims to create an npk fertilizer in improving the growth
interms of height gain and leaves count of green mustard plant using chicken bone and tulya
shell ( corbicula fluminea ). We will add of pulverized chicken bone to the soil and were being
put in the soil with the green mustard plant ( brassica juncea ) to get the nutrients. In doing our
experiment , we have done 3 set ups we’re each of the 3 mustard plant in the given set ups. Set
A is the Experimental group we’re the 50g of chicken bone and tulya shell being mixed with
the soil everyday from day to night for about 1 month. IN Set up B is our Positive Control we’re
the 60g of commercial fertilizer were being mixed with the soil from plant1 to plant3 and lastly
is our Set up C which is our Negative control we’re the mustard plant in this set up haven’t
being putted any kind of fertilizers because they only need to be watered everyday with normal
water.
Green mustard plant treated with commercial fertilizers grow faster than
others because after weeks of observation , the plant in this set up reach an average height of 4
cm and 5 no. of leaves gain compared to chickens treated with chicken bone and tulya shell that
only have an average height of 3 cm and leaves count of 4 this results prove that our hyphothesis
is rejected thus , there is a significant difference between the effects of the three set ups on
enhancing the growth of agreen mustard(bassica juncea) plant interms of height and no. of
leaves gain.

Keywords: Growth,fertilizer,experimental,positive,negative.
APPENDICES
 A. Photo Gallery

Other Photos

B. Computation

Statistics

Statistical Computation
Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Varianc
Groups Count Sum Average e
2 3 1.5 0.5
Set up A 3 3189 1063 855472
2674.2 891.416 604627.
Set up B 3 5 7 3
408.166 132912.
Set up C 3 1224.5 7 6

ANOVA
 Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between 170278 567596. 1.24706 0.36 4.34683
Groups 8 3 2 3 2974 1
318602 455146.
Within Groups 4 7 3

488881
Total 3 10        

The table above show the summary of the difference among the three set ups
( Experimental , Positive and Negative )in enhancing the growth of Green mustard plant
(brassica juncea) interms of height and no. of leaves count.

The result of the Anova test among the three set ups shows that the P – value of 0.36 is
lower than the level of significance 0.05 Thus , the hyphothesis that there is no significant
difference is accepted . Therefore , there is no significant difference among the three set ups

C. Graphs
 D. Letters

E. Survey

F. Lab Results

G. Others