12

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 2
The Local Government Unit
 Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 12
Self-learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 2: The Local Government Unit
First Edition, 2020

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kate Clare E. Payda, Ma. Norale D. Tacadao, Regy D. Labus

Editors: Liberty P. Lego, Eric G. Buenafe, Lerma J. Oscares, Ronaldo H. Lamit

Reviewers: Arlo L. Villalva, Leila G. Valencia, Jezereel Grace G. Tiron, Bernie P. Alcedo

Illustrator: Hilda S. Salvilla

Layout Artist: Jefferson B. Magbanua

Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma

Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Ginene
Printed in the Philippines by _______________________________.
Mary Hazel Vivien P. Pineda
Arlo L. Villalva
Leila G. Valencia
Liberty P. Lego
Department of Education – Region VI - Western Visayas
Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City
Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Grade Levels: Grade 12
Specialized Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance
Semester: First/Second Semester

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Explain the roles and functions of the Local Government Unit (LGU).
(HUMSS_PG12-IIa-b-2)
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT

This module specifically focuses on the Local Government Units’ roles

and functions. It also introduces the political perspective that facilitates better
understanding of the basic concepts of Philippine local governance as
enshrined in the Local Government Code of 1991.
Local Government Units (LGUs) play a major role in the community’s
development by providing links between the people and the government,
addressing its community’s problems and concerns, enforcing policies, and
holding influence over the community’s members. Thus, understanding the
roles and functions of LGUs generates more enthusiasm and involvement in
civic affairs among the youth and motivates citizens to take leadership roles
in the society.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. identify the roles and functions of the Local Government Unit

(LGU ); and
2. discuss the roles and functions of the Local Government Unit
(LGU ).
Direction: Read each item carefully and write the CAPITAL letter of the correct
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper. Online learners can access the link
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBLphq5zbUzvLwGL0KTcgVt
u66giUqn2tsU7KOUtVIJ1PAQA/viewform to take this pre-test.

1. Which of the following is NOT a territorial and political subdivision of the

republic of the Philippines?
A. Provinces C. Municipalities
B. Cities D. None of the above
2. It is a political subdivision of a nation or state which is constituted by law and
has a substantial control of local affairs.
A. Local government C. International government
B. National government D. Federal government
3. The term of office of elected local officials, except barangay officials, which
shall be determined by law, shall be __________ years and no such official shall
serve for more than __________ consecutive terms.
A. 2, 2 C. 4, 4
B. 3, 3 D. 5, 5
4. Which among the following is NOT among the corporate powers of the LGU?
A. Sue and be sued C. Have and use a corporate seal
B. Enter into contracts D. None of the above 5. Which of the
following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The national government confers power and authority upon the various
local government units to perform specific functions and responsibilities.
B. Local governments do not only governmental but also proprietary
functions.
C. The President exercises general supervision and control over LGUs
for the purpose of ensuring that their acts are within their powers and
function.
D. The barangay is the primary planning and implementing unit.
6. Who has the peace keeping-keeping responsibility and to act as auxiliaries of
the law?
A. Congressman C. Punong Barangay
B. Mayor D. Barangay Tanod
7. What is the smallest government unit?
A. Sitio C. District
B. City D. Barangay
8. Which of the following is the intermediate unit that provides supervision to the
municipalities and component cities?
A. Province C. Municipality
B. City D. Barangay
9. What is the basic unit of local government?
A. City C. Both A and B
B. Municipality D. Either A or B
10. Which of the following is a sub-municipal unit which provides face-to face
interaction among the people?
A. Province C. Municipality
B. City D. Barangay

LGU Activities Organizer

Direction: List down at least three (3) activities that your local government unit
(province, city or barangay) implement to advance the people’s welfare. Write
your answers in the boxes below.

For online learners, this digital resource material for Task 1 is available at
https://tinyurl.com/PPGm9t1 and the accomplished form can be sent to your
teacher’s e-mail address using www.wetransfer.comor. You can also screenshot
the form and forward it to your teacher’s Messenger account.
LGU Information, Functions and Roles Organizer
Direction: Supply the accurate data on the spaces provided below. Let’s check
your familiarity with the LGU of the place where you live.
 For online learners, this digital resource material for Task 2 is available at
https://tinyurl.com/PPGmodule9t2 and the accomplished form can be sent to
your teacher’s e-mail address using www.wetransfer.comor. You can also
screenshot the form and forward it to your teacher’s Messenger account.

Drawing Connections
Direction: Answer each question comprehensively. Write your answers on the
blanks provided below.

1. Can you find a point of connection between your answers in Task 1 and
Task 2? If yes, explain briefly their relationship. If no, why not?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. In Task 2, what are your considerations in selecting the functions of the
local government units (LGUs)? Is the task difficult? Why or why not?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. The community’s welfare is catered when the local government unit plays
its part in policy decision-making and accomplishes its goals stated in the Local
Government Code of the Philippines. In your own words, summarize in five (5)
sentences the functions of local government units.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. What key words helped you identify the roles of the different levels of local
government units? Explain briefly your answer for each level of LGUs.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Roles and Functions of the Local Government Unit (Unit)

The Local Government Code of the Philippines provides information

regarding the roles and functions of the various levels of the Local Government
Units (LGUs), namely, the barangay, city and municipality, and province, which
are presented in the succeeding sections as follows:

SECTION 384. Role of the Barangay. As the basic political unit, the Barangay
serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies,
plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum
wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and
considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.
SECTION 389. The Punong Barangay: Powers, Duties and Functions. (1)
Exercise such powers and perform such duties and functions, as provided by this
Code and other laws; (2) Enforce all laws and ordinances which are
applicable within the Barangay for efficient, effective and economical governance,
the purpose of which is the general welfare of the Barangay and its inhabitants;
(3) Ensure the delivery of basic services; (4) Promote the general welfare of the
Barangay.

SECTION 440. Role of the Municipality. The municipality, consisting of a group

of Barangays, serves primarily as a general purpose government for the
coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.

SECTION 444. The Municipal Mayor: Powers, Duties, Functions and

Compensation. (1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs,
projects, services, and activities of the municipal government; (2) Enforce all laws
and ordinances relative to the governance of the municipality and the exercise of
its corporate powers and implement all approved policies, programs, projects,
services and activities of the municipality; (3) Initiate and maximize the
generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the implementation
of development plans, program objectives and priorities particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
country-wide growth and progress; (4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and
the provision of adequate facilities; (5) Exercise such other powers and perform
such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.

SECTION 448. Role of the City. The city, consisting of more urbanized and
developed Barangays, serves as a general-purpose government for the
coordination and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.

SECTION 455. The City Mayor: Powers, Duties, Functions and

Compensation. (1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs,
projects, services, and activities of the city government; (2) Enforce all laws and
ordinances relative to the governance of the city and in the exercise of the
appropriate corporate powers and implement all approved policies, programs,
projects, services and activities of the city; (3) Initiate and maximize the
generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the implementation
of development plans, program objectives and priorities particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
countryside growth and progress; (4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and
the provision of adequate facilities; (5) Exercise such other powers and perform
such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.

SECTION 459. Role of the Province. The province, composed of a cluster of

municipalities, or municipalities and component cities, and as a political and
corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism for
developmental processes and effective governance of local government units
within its territorial jurisdiction.

SECTION. 465. The Provincial Governor: Powers, Duties, Functions, and

Compensation. (1) Exercise general supervision and control over all programs,
projects, services, and activities of the provincial government; (2) Enforce all laws
and ordinances relative to the governance of the province and the exercise of the
appropriate corporate powers and implement all approved policies, programs,
projects, services and activities of the province; (3) Initiate and maximize the
generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the implementation
of development plans, program objectives and priorities particularly those
resources and revenues programmed for agro-industrial development and
country-wide growth and progress; (4) Ensure the delivery of basic services and
the provision of adequate facilities; (5) Exercise such other powers and perform
such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.

Supplementary video materials for this topic can be accessed using these
links:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPZWP4OfwHk&fbclid=IwAR0sl3e5gS
XVV0vxDoEp-xPtA_f8PlbBrLN9fc07vEg2QpN2FUXjYJwYk9g
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwD4OwEyesI

Act of Appreciation
Direction: As an act of appreciation to our local government units, post a
message on your Facebook page or write a letter acknowledging the worthwhile
contributions of your local government unit to your community. You can do in a
similar manner as shown in the sample below.

Poster Making
Direction: Our local governments are responsible for most aspects of our
everyday lives, helping us live with ease and convenience. Using the space
below, make a poster of different impactful services or projects that local
governments provide. You may come up with a title for your drawing. Your work
will be rated using a rubric.
 For online learners, send your accomplished Task 5 to your teacher’s
email address. You can also choose to screenshot and forward it to your
teacher’s Messenger account.

Hang on, we’re almost finished! This time, let us develop your personal
insights on the lesson pertaining to the roles and functions of local government
units. Complete the chart below with your responses.
Modified True or False
Direction: Write TRUE if the given statement about local governance is correct. If
the statement is incorrect, replace the underlined word/s to make the statement
accurate. Online learners can access the link
https://tinyurl.com/PPGmodule9posttest in accomplishing this test.
1. The governor should ensure the provision of adequate facilities like schools,
hospitals, sports gymnasiums and electricity and water sources to address the
basic needs of his/her constituents.
2. Local government units are self-reliant communities and active partners in
nation-building.
3. The city mayor should have supervision and control over all his/her programs,
including feeding the poor, giving scholarships to deserving students, and
implementing infrastructure projects and cultural-historical activities.
4. The chief executives of the provincial government are the governor, mayor and
punong barangay.
5. Provision of telecommunications services is one of the functions of LGUs.
6. A political subdivision of a nation, a federal government is established by law
and it possesses substantial control of local affairs.
7. The punong barangay should provide shelter, sustenance, healthcare,
education, local transport, information access, and legal and democratic
support to promote the general welfare of the community.
8. The municipal mayor maximizes the generation of grants from the state
government through allocations, incomes from commercial ventures and
investments.
9. The barangay serves as a dynamic body for developmental processes and
effective local governance within its territorial jurisdiction.
10. The city acts as the primary planning and implementing unit of government
policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the communit
Glossary
The terms used in this module are defined as follows:

Barangay – sub-municipal unit, which provides for face-to-face interaction

among the people.

Cities and Municipalities – basic units of the local government delivering

services for the people who live together in a community.

Local governance – is a right and capability of a community executed directly in

compliance with the established statutory procedures through representatives of
local authorities that are not affiliated with the system of state government
bodies.

Local government – government at lower level organized locally.

Local officials – is the public administration of towns, cities and districts.

Provincial – intermediate unit providing supervision to the municipalities and

component cities and under it and performing services for the national
government.
References
Cruz, Isagani. 2002. Philippine Constitutional Law. Quezon
City: Central Lawbook Publishing.

De Leon, Hector and De Leon, Hector Jr. 2004. Textbook on the Philippine
Constitution. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

Exit Ticket 3-2-1. StoryboardThat. 2018. Accessed, July 14, 2020.

http://sbt.blob.core.windows.net/storyboards/cs-examples/exit-ticket---3-
21-s-duv-rou.png.

Tabajen, Rhene and Pulma, Erlinda. 2003. Philippine Politics and Governance
with Philippine Constitution. Manila: JFS Publishing Services.

Tech Frame Transparent Background – Clip Art. josecalvacante93. 2017.

Accessed, July 14, 2020.
https://img.favpng.com/21/17/5/clip-art-png-
favpng3RUpFdh1EdZUYtRdAZZuMHfCX.jpg.

The Local Government Code of the Philippines. Official Gazette. 1991. Accessed,
July 12, 2020.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1991/10oct/19911010-
RA7160-CCA.pdf.